Language: Ainu
Source/Author: | John D. Bengtson |
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:aib Glottocode: ainu1251 |
Notes: | The data in this list are derived from three sources, two written by John D. Bengtson from the "Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory," and one by Rev. John Batchelor.
Titled "A Multilateral Look at Greater Austric" (2006) and "The 'Greater Austric' Hypothesis" from "Linguistic Fossils: Studies in Historical Linguistics and Paleolinguistics" (2010). Bengtson's articles seek to find cognates from a variety of languages from different Asiatic language families, including Ainu, Austroasiatic (= Munda - Mon-Khmer), Austronesian, Daic (= Tai-Kadai), Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao), Nihali. These families are shown to form one, huge hypothetical macro-family called "Austric." Batchelor's work is called the "An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary" (1905).
The Ainu language (spoken by the indigenous Ainu people of Hokkaido, Japan,Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Island, and the Kamchatka peninsula) is shown to have several likely cognates that would place it within Greater Austric, if not Austronesian.
Sources:
* Batchelor, John. 1905. An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary. Tokyo: Methodist Publishing House.
* Bengtson, John D. 2006. A Multilateral Look at Greater Austric. Mother Tongue (Journal) 11: 219-258.
* Bengtson, John D. 2010. Linguistic Fossils: Studies in Historical Linguistics and Paleolinguistics. (Languages in Time and Space, vol. 5. Chief Editor: Cindy Drover-Davidson.) Calgary: Octavia & Co. Press. |
Problems: | The sources from Bengtson do not contain full Swadesh word lists, so many of the words are taken from Rev. Batchelor's dictionary. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Kalvin Vasques Checked By: |
Statistics: |
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Total Data: 53
- Number of Retentions:
- Number of Loans: 0
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Classification: | Turkic:Eastern |
Map | |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 2 entries
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2015-01-08 00:47:54)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2015-01-08 00:43:44)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
2 |
left |
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3 |
right |
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5 |
to walk |
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7 |
to come |
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8 |
to turn
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9 |
to swim |
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10 |
dirty |
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11 |
dust |
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13 |
back
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14 |
belly |
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16 |
intestines |
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17 |
liver |
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19 |
shoulder |
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20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
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21 |
to think |
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22 |
to fear |
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28 |
to breathe |
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29 |
to sniff, smell |
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30 |
mouth |
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32 |
tongue |
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33 |
to laugh |
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34 |
to cry |
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35 |
to vomit |
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36 |
to spit |
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38 |
to chew
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39 |
to cook
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40 |
to drink |
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41 |
to bite |
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42 |
to suck |
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43 |
ear |
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44 |
to hear |
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46 |
to see |
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47 |
to yawn |
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49 |
to lie down
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50 |
to dream |
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51 |
to sit |
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52 |
to stand |
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55 |
woman/female |
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56 |
child |
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57 |
husband |
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58 |
wife |
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59 |
mother |
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60 |
father |
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61 |
house |
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63 |
name |
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64 |
to say |
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65 |
rope |
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66 |
to tie up, fasten |
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67 |
to sew
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68 |
needle |
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69 |
to hunt
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70 |
to shoot
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71 |
to stab, pierce |
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72 |
to hit
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73 |
to steal |
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74 |
to kill |
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76 |
to live, be alive |
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77 |
to scratch
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78 |
to cut, hack
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79 |
stick/wood |
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80 |
to split
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81 |
sharp |
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82 |
dull, blunt |
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83 |
to work
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84 |
to plant |
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85 |
to choose |
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86 |
to grow
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87 |
to swell
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88 |
to squeeze
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89 |
to hold
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90 |
to dig |
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91 |
to buy |
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92 |
to open, uncover |
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93 |
to pound, beat
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94 |
to throw
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95 |
to fall
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101 |
to fly |
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102 |
rat |
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103 |
meat/flesh |
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104 |
fat/grease |
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105 |
tail |
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106 |
snake |
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107 |
worm (earthworm) |
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109 |
mosquito |
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110 |
spider |
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112 |
rotten
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113 |
branch
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114 |
leaf |
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116 |
flower |
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117 |
fruit |
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118 |
grass |
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119 |
earth/soil |
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123 |
to flow |
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124 |
sea |
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125 |
salt |
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126 |
lake |
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127 |
woods/forest |
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129 |
moon |
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130 |
star |
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132 |
fog |
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133 |
rain |
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134 |
thunder |
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135 |
lightning |
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136 |
wind |
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137 |
to blow
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138 |
warm
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139 |
cold
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141 |
wet |
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142 |
heavy |
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145 |
smoke
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146 |
ash |
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147 |
black |
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148 |
white |
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149 |
red |
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150 |
yellow |
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151 |
green |
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152 |
small |
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153 |
big |
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154 |
short
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155 |
long
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156 |
thin
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157 |
thick
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158 |
narrow |
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159 |
wide |
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160 |
painful, sick |
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161 |
shy, ashamed |
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162 |
old
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163 |
new |
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165 |
bad, evil |
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166 |
correct, true |
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169 |
year |
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170 |
when?
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171 |
to hide
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172 |
to climb
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173 |
at |
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174 |
in, inside |
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175 |
above |
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176 |
below |
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177 |
this |
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178 |
that |
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179 |
near |
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180 |
far |
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181 |
where?
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184 |
he/she |
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186 |
you |
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187 |
they |
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190 |
other |
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191 |
all |
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192 |
and |
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193 |
if |
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194 |
how?
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195 |
no, not |
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196 |
to count |
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207 |
Twenty
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208 |
Fifty
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209 |
One Hundred
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210 |
One Thousand
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183 |
thou |
*E |
e=, e=ani |
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27 |
nose |
*Etu |
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121 |
sand |
*Ota |
Hokkaido òtá, Kuril ota, otà, etc. |
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203 |
Seven
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*adehdan- |
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143 |
fire |
*apOy |
'fire, hearth': Hokkaido 'ape,' 'abe,' 'ambe,' Kamchatka 'āpĕh,' Kuril 'aboi' |
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75 |
to die, be dead |
*day |
Saru 'ray,' Nairo 'tay,' etc., Kuril 'rai' 'kill' |
1 |
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25 |
neck |
*dekut |
Nairo 'tekuh' id. vs. (Hokkaido) 'rekutkoni' 'croup', 'rekutumbe' 'necklace, yoke' |
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200 |
Four
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*i-ne |
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202 |
Six
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*i:hdan- |
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12 |
skin |
*kAp |
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12 |
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23 |
blood |
*kEm |
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15 |
bone |
*kEqu |
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4 |
leg/foot |
*kOkka |
'knee' |
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108 |
louse
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*ki |
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62 |
thatch/roof |
*kitai |
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182 |
I |
*ku |
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54 |
man/male |
*kur |
'man, person' |
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48 |
to sleep |
*mO |
mo-koro 'to sleep' |
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1 |
hand |
*mOn |
'hand' (in compounds) |
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167 |
night |
*mOn(=)rE |
'to be late at night' |
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188 |
what?
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*nEE |
'who, what': Hokkaido nen, neni 'who', nep 'what' |
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189 |
who?
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*nEE |
'who, what': Hokkaido nen, neni 'who', nep 'what' |
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98 |
egg |
*nOk |
'egg, testicle' |
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31 |
tooth |
*nii |
ni-maki 'tooth' |
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128 |
sky |
*niš |
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131 |
cloud
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*niš |
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24 |
head |
*pa |
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115 |
root |
*rit |
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140 |
dry
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*sat |
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197 |
One
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*si-ne |
with suf. '-ne' as in 'i-ne' (four) |
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96 |
dog |
*sieta |
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49? |
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45 |
eye |
*siki |
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18 |
breast |
*tOO |
'breast of woman' |
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185 |
we
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*ti= |
realized as /či/ in all dialects |
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99 |
feather |
*trAp |
Hokkaido rap(u), Kuril trap (also 'wing' in some dialects) |
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100 |
wing |
*trAp |
Hokkaido rap(u), Kuril trap (also 'wing' in some dialects) |
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6 |
road/path |
*truu |
Yakumo, Saru 'ru', Raichiska 'ruu', Nairo 'tuu', 'tru', 'ru', Kuril 'tojru', 'tru', etc. |
1? |
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204 |
Eight
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*tupedhdan- |
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198 |
Two
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*tuu |
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144 |
to burn
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*uguy |
Hokkaido 'uínà,' 'ùhúy' |
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122 |
water
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*wakka |
'oouachka' = (Hokkaido) 'wacha', 'wazka', (Sakhalin) 'waka' 'water' (? 'wakka' / 'wahka' / 'wazka' < '*wa ̧ka' < '*wayka') |
2 |
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37 |
to eat |
ae |
from Batchelor |
1 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
ainu |
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201 |
Five
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ashikne |
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111 |
fish |
chep |
from Batchelor |
1? |
|
97 |
bird |
chikap |
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26 |
hair
|
kiški |
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168 |
day |
ko |
also 'to' or 'toho' |
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164 |
good |
pirika |
from Batchelor |
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120 |
stone |
pit |
'small stone, flint' (Hokkaido) |
1 |
|
199 |
Three
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re- |
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205 |
Nine
|
sinepehdan- |
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206 |
Ten
|
wam-pe |
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