Language: Kuanua (Makada)
| Source/Author: | Barlow (2024) |
|---|---|
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:ksd Glottocode: kuan1248 |
| Notes: | Barlow, Russell. 2024. The Makada dialect of Kuanua. Te Reo 67(1): 1–71. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000F-6F4C-1. |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Russell Barlow Checked By: Russell Barlow |
| Statistics: |
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| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Western Oceanic:Meso Melanesian:New Ireland:South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic |
| Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Tolai- Ethnologue Information for ksd
- OLAC Information for ksd
- World Atlas of Language Structures Information for tla
-
[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing all of 75 entries
- Changed #3244185 from "kəukəuwal", "/kəukəuwalig/ 'my shoulder', /k?uk?uwalim/ 'your shoulder'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:47:34)
- Changed #3244216 from "u", "same form as 'breast'; /w?u/ 'to make suck, to nurse (transitive)'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:47:34)
- Changed #3244250 from "iəŋ", "/ia?ig/ 'my name', /ia?in/ 'his/her name'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244251 from "mərug-", "/m?ruge/, /m?rumarug/ 'saying, speech, talk'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244256 from "iŋit-", "/i?iti/, /i?iti?/, /i?i?it/; /ni?it/ 'sewing, stitchery'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244260 from "awer", "'to seek, to look for'; /awer/, /aw?re/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244264 from "bir-", "'to shoot with a stone or a piece of wood'; /biri/, /biri?/, /biru/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244263 from "ub-", "'to shoot with a spear'; /ubi?/, /ubu/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244262 from "pənak", "'to shoot with a sling'; /p?nak/, /p?naki/, /p?p?nak/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244261 from "gulum-", "'to shoot with a short piece of wood'; /gulumi?/, /gugulum/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244267 from "wulət-", "'to hit with a stick'; /wul?ti/, /wul?ti?/, /wuwul?t/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244269 from "loŋ", "/lo?/, /lo?i/, /lo?i?/; /nilo?/ 'theft'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244270 from "dok-", "/doka/, /doko/, /w?rd?dok/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244274 from "ud-", "'to scrape (cassava)'; /udi?/, /udud/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244273 from "kəi", "'to scratch, to scrape (a coconut)'; /k?i/, /k?k?i/, /k?k?k?i/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244275 from "bur-", "'to cut (a tree), to chop'; /buri?/, /buru/, /bubur/, /buburu/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244276 from "kut-", "'to cut (into pieces), to chop'; /kuti?/, /kutu/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244277 from "burukut-", "'to cut up, to chop up'; /burukuti?/, /burukutu/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244286 from "arik-", "/ariki?/, /ararik/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244287 from "pəlag", "/p?lag/, /p?lagi/, /p?lagi?/, /p?p?l?g/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244288 from "rəbəne", "'to tear apart, to shred'; /r?b?ne/, /r?b?r?b?ne/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244292 from "pəlum-", "'to work, to work in a garden'; /p?lumi?/, /p?lumu/; /p?p?lum/ 'garden'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244294 from "pilək-", "/pil?ki/, /pil?ki?/, /pipil?k/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244296 from "uruŋ", "/uru?/, /ururu?/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244297 from "pipit-", "/pipite/, /pipit?ne/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244298 from "pur-", "'to squeeze grated coconut'; /puri?/, /puru/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244299 from "wətur-", "/w?turi?/, /w?turu/, /w?w?tur/; literally 'to make stand'?", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244300 from "kəl-", "/k?li/, /k?k?l/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244301 from "kul-", "/kuli?/, /kulu/, /kukul/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244302 from "pəpə", "'to open'; /p?p?/, /p?p?i/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244304 from "tut-", "'to pound, to beat, to crush (e.g., nuts)'; /tuti?/, /tutu/, /tutut/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244305 from "ak-", "'to pound, to crush, to smash (e.g., shells)'; /aki?/, /akak/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244306 from "bəl-", "/b?le/, /b?b?l?i/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244313 from "lakuə", "/laku?n/ 'its feather'; possible loan from Ramoaaina", "", "L?" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244314 from "bəbe", "/b?bean/ 'its wing'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244367 from "madiriŋ", "'cool, cold (weather)'; /w?m?diri?/ 'to make cold, to freeze (transitive)'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244380 from "mərut", "/m?rut/, /m?rutun/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244389 from "loi", "cf. /l?loi/ 'coil of shell money'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244394 from "kədik", "'to be in pain, to hurt'; /k?dik/; /kin?dik/ 'pain'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244397 from "wiriwir", "'ashamed, to be ashamed'; /wiriwir/; /w?wiriwir/ 'to cause shame'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244402 from "kain", "/w?k?ina/ 'to make bad, to ruin'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244403 from "dəwot", "'correct, true'; /d?wot/, /d?watin/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244412 from "doŋ", "'to hide (intransitive)'; /do?/; /do?do?/ 'hiding place'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244482 from "luk-", "/luki?/, /luku/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:46:09)
- Changed #3244159 from "lim", "'hand, arm'; /limag/ 'my hand', /limam/ 'your hand', /lim?n/ 'his/her hand'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244163 from "wən", "'to go, to walk'; /w?n/, /w?n?/, /w?n?w?n/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244170 from "puku-", "'to overturn, to flip over'; /pukue/, /pupuku?i/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244178 from "bəl", "/b?lag/ 'my belly', /b?lam/ 'your belly', /b?l?n/ 'his/her belly'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244181 from "winon nə bəl", "'guts of belly'; /winon n? b?l?n/ 'his/her intestines'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244184 from "boŋoboŋ", "'chest'; /bo?obo?om/ 'your chest', /bo?obo?on/ 'his/her chest'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244185 from "kəukəuwal", "/k?uk?uwalig/ 'my shoulder', /k?uk?uwalim/ 'your shoulder'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244187 from "nuk-", "/nuki?/, /nunuk/; /ninunuk/ 'thought'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244188 from "burut", "/burut/, /burut?ne/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244192 from "kokoŋ", "/koko?im/ 'your neck', /koko?in/ 'his/her neck'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244199 from "luŋ-", "/lu?u/, /lulu?/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244200 from "ŋiə", "/?ieg/ 'my mouth', /?iem/ 'your mouth', /?ien/ 'his/her mouth'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244201 from "pəlaŋiə", "/p?l??ien/ 'his/her tooth'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244202 from "kərəmiə", "/k?r?meam/ 'your tongue', /k?r?mean/ 'his/her tongue'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244203 from "nəŋon", "/n??on/, /no?one/; /ni???on/ 'laughter'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244204 from "təŋi", "/t??i/; /tina?en/ 'crying, lamentation'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244206 from "gəmi", "/g?mi/, /g?mi?/, /g?g?mi/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244209 from "məi", "'to chew betel nut'; /m?i/, /m?m?i/; /min?m?i/ 'chewed-up betel nut'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244213 from "pər-", "'to cook in an earth oven, to mumu (Tok Pisin)'; /p?re/, /p?p?r/; /pin?p?r/ 'oven cooking, oven cookery'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244215 from "kərət", "/k?r?t/, /k?r?ti?/, /w?rk?rat/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244217 from "taliŋ", "/t?li?ag/ 'my ear', /t?li?am/ 'your ear', /t?li??n/ 'his/her ear'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244218 from "waləŋor", "/wal??or/, /w?lo?ore/", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244219 from "mət", "/m?tag/ 'my eye', /m?tam/ 'your eye', /m?t?n/ 'his/her eye'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244222 from "diəu", "'to sleep, to lie down'; /di?u/; /nidi?u/ 'sleep, rest'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244224 from "diəu", "'to sleep, to lie down'; /di?u/; /nidi?u/ 'sleep, rest'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244228 from "gunən nitun", "'person' < /gun?n/ 'village' + /ni-tun/ 'NMLZ?true'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244239 from "tolai", "'spouse'; /b?r?tolai/ 'spouses (plural)'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244242 from "tolai", "'spouse'; /b?r?tolai/ 'spouses (plural)'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244243 from "tine", "/tinag/ 'my mother', /tinam/ 'your mother', /tin?n/ 'his/her mother'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed #3244245 from "təme", "/t?mag/ 'my father', /t?mam/ 'your father', /t?m?n/ 'his/her father'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:30:25)
- Changed "source" from "" - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:47:55)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | lim | 'hand, arm'; /limag/ 'my hand', /limam/ 'your hand', /limən/ 'his/her hand' | 1, 64 | |
| 2 | left | mair | 1, 59 | ||
| 3 | right | limətun | |||
| 4 | leg/foot | kek | 'leg, foot'; /kakig/ 'my leg', /kakim/ 'your leg', /kaken/ 'his/her leg' | ||
| 5 | to walk | wən | 'to go, to walk'; /wən/, /wənə/, /wənəwən/ | ||
| 6 | road/path | ŋai | |||
| 7 | to come | wən ukai | 'to go hither' | ||
| 7 | to come | tədəu | |||
| 7 | to come | pot | |||
| 8 | to turn
|
lili | 'to spin' | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
puku- | 'to overturn, to flip over'; /pukue/, /pupukuəi/ | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
təbe | 'to turn, to steer (transitive)' | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
wəliliai | 'to turn around (intransitive)' | ||
| 9 | to swim | alir | 'to swim, to float, to flow' | ||
| 10 | dirty | dur | 68 | ||
| 11 | dust | kebu | 'dust, ashes' | ||
| 12 | skin | pələ | 'skin, body'; /palig/ 'my skin', /palim/ 'your skin', /palin/ 'his/her skin' | ||
| 13 | back
|
tamur | |||
| 13 | back
|
toru- | /torum/ 'your back', /torun/ 'his/her back' | ||
| 14 | belly | bəl | /bəlag/ 'my belly', /bəlam/ 'your belly', /bələn/ 'his/her belly' | ||
| 15 | bone | ur | /urun/ 'his/her bone' | 52 | |
| 16 | intestines | winon nə bəl | 'guts of belly'; /winon nə bələn/ 'his/her intestines' | ||
| 16 | intestines | winon | |||
| 17 | liver | kat | 'liver, heart (?)'; /katig/ 'my liver', /katim/ 'your liver', /katin/ 'his/her liver' | 1 | |
| 18 | breast | boŋoboŋ | 'chest'; /boŋoboŋom/ 'your chest', /boŋoboŋon/ 'his/her chest' | ||
| 18 | breast | u | 'woman's breast'; /um/ 'your breast', /un/ 'her breast' | 1 | |
| 19 | shoulder | kəukəuwal | /kəukəuwalig/ 'my shoulder', /kəukəuwalim/ 'your shoulder' | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | nunure | 'to know' | ||
| 21 | to think | nuk- | /nukiə/, /nunuk/; /ninunuk/ 'thought' | ||
| 22 | to fear | burut | /burut/, /burutəne/ | 28 | |
| 23 | blood | gap | /gapun/ 'his/her blood' | 5 | |
| 24 | head | lor | |||
| 24 | head | ol | /olug/ 'my head', /olun/ 'his/her head' | ||
| 25 | neck | kokoŋ | /kokoŋim/ 'your neck', /kokoŋin/ 'his/her neck' | ||
| 26 | hair
|
ewau | 'body hair'; /ewauin/ 'his/her body hair' | ||
| 26 | hair
|
kəpit nə lor | 'hair of head' | ||
| 26 | hair
|
kəpit nə olun | 'hair of his/her head' | ||
| 26 | hair
|
kəpit | 'hair, feather' | ||
| 27 | nose | bile | /bileug/ 'my nose', /bileum/ 'your nose', /bileun/ 'his/her nose' | ||
| 28 | to breathe | ali wuwu | 'to pull wind'; cf. Tok Pisin /pulim win/ 'to breathe' | ||
| 29 | to sniff, smell | luŋ- | /luŋu/, /luluŋ/ | ||
| 30 | mouth | ŋiə | /ŋieg/ 'my mouth', /ŋiem/ 'your mouth', /ŋien/ 'his/her mouth' | ||
| 31 | tooth | pəlaŋiə | /pələŋien/ 'his/her tooth' | ||
| 32 | tongue | kərəmiə | /kərəmeam/ 'your tongue', /kərəmean/ 'his/her tongue' | ||
| 33 | to laugh | nəŋon | /nəŋon/, /noŋone/; /niŋəŋon/ 'laughter' | ||
| 34 | to cry | təŋi | /təŋi/; /tinəŋen/ 'crying, lamentation' | 1 | |
| 35 | to vomit | mərumaruəi | |||
| 36 | to spit | gəmi | /gəmi/, /gəmiə/, /gəgəmi/ | ||
| 37 | to eat | ian | 'to eat (intransitive)' | 1 | |
| 37 | to eat | eni | 'to eat (transitive)' | 1 | |
| 38 | to chew
|
məi | 'to chew betel nut'; /məi/, /məməi/; /minəməi/ 'chewed-up betel nut' | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
pər- | 'to cook in an earth oven, to mumu (Tok Pisin)'; /pəre/, /pəpər/; /pinəpər/ 'oven cooking, oven cookery' | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
pan | 'to fry'; /pani/; loan from English /pan/? | 50 | L? |
| 39 | to cook
|
kur- | 'to boil'; /kuro/, /kurua/ | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
tun- | 'to burn (transitive), to cook'; /tunu/, /tutun/ | 9 | |
| 40 | to drink | mom | /mom/, /mome/; /wamoma/ 'to make drink' | 27 | |
| 41 | to bite | kərət | /kərət/, /kərətiə/, /wərkərat/ | 1 | |
| 42 | to suck | u | same form as 'breast'; /wəu/ 'to make suck, to nurse (transitive)' | 25 | |
| 43 | ear | taliŋ | /təliŋag/ 'my ear', /təliŋam/ 'your ear', /təliŋən/ 'his/her ear' | 1 | |
| 44 | to hear | waləŋor | /waləŋor/, /wəloŋore/ | ||
| 45 | eye | mət | /mətag/ 'my eye', /mətam/ 'your eye', /mətən/ 'his/her eye' | 1 | |
| 46 | to see | gir- | /gire/, /gigir/ | ||
| 47 | to yawn | mowiəu | |||
| 48 | to sleep | diəu dumən | |||
| 48 | to sleep | diəu | 'to sleep, to lie down'; /diəu/; /nidiəu/ 'sleep, rest' | ||
| 49 | to lie down
|
diəu | 'to sleep, to lie down'; /diəu/; /nidiəu/ 'sleep, rest' | ||
| 50 | to dream | ririwon | |||
| 51 | to sit | ki | 20 | ||
| 52 | to stand | tur | /tur/, /turu/ | 2 | |
| 53 | person/human being | tərəi | 'people, men, husbands (plural)' | ||
| 53 | person/human being | tərək | 'one (person), other' | ||
| 53 | person/human being | gunən nitun | 'person' < /gunən/ 'village' + /ni-tun/ 'NMLZ-true' | ||
| 54 | man/male | tərəi | 'people, men, husbands (plural)' | ||
| 54 | man/male | tutunən | 'man, husband' | ||
| 55 | woman/female | wəriden | 'women, wives (plural)' | ||
| 55 | woman/female | wawin | 'woman, wife' | ||
| 56 | child | naik | 'small, young' | ||
| 56 | child | natu | /natug/ 'my child', /natum/ 'your child', /natun/ 'his/her child' | 5 | |
| 56 | child | bul | /bul/; /bulik/ 'little child' (with /-ik/ 'DIM') | 37 | |
| 57 | husband | tolai | 'spouse'; /bərətolai/ 'spouses (plural)' | ||
| 57 | husband | tutunən | 'man, husband' | ||
| 58 | wife | tolai | 'spouse'; /bərətolai/ 'spouses (plural)' | ||
| 58 | wife | wəriden | 'women, wives (plural)' | ||
| 58 | wife | wawin | 'woman, wife' | ||
| 59 | mother | tine | /tinag/ 'my mother', /tinam/ 'your mother', /tinən/ 'his/her mother' | 1 | |
| 59 | mother | nana | 'mother (vocative)' | ||
| 60 | father | tata | 'father (vocative)' | 19 | |
| 60 | father | təme | /təmag/ 'my father', /təmam/ 'your father', /təmən/ 'his/her father' | 1 | |
| 61 | house | pal | 14 | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | ol ə pal | 'roof'; literally 'head on house' | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | kəbəkabon | 'thatch' | ||
| 63 | name | iəŋ | /iaŋig/ 'my name', /iaŋin/ 'his/her name' | ||
| 64 | to say | wəriwe | 'to tell' | ||
| 64 | to say | bia | 'to say; thus, like this' | ||
| 64 | to say | mərug- | /məruge/, /mərumarug/ 'saying, speech, talk' | ||
| 65 | rope | winau | 'vine, rope' | ||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | wi | |||
| 67 | to sew
|
iŋit- | /iŋiti/, /iŋitiə/, /iŋiŋit/; /niŋit/ 'sewing, stitchery' | 43 | |
| 68 | needle | ur nə niŋit | literally 'bone of sewing' | ||
| 68 | needle | nil | loan from Tok Pisin /nil/ 'needle' | L | |
| 69 | to hunt
|
awer | 'to seek, to look for'; /awer/, /awəre/ | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
leb | /leb/, /lebi/; /nileb/ 'hunting, pursuit'; from an archaic word for 'dog'? | ||
| 70 | to shoot
|
bir- | 'to shoot with a stone or a piece of wood'; /biri/, /biriə/, /biru/ | ||
| 70 | to shoot
|
ub- | 'to shoot with a spear'; /ubiə/, /ubu/ | ||
| 70 | to shoot
|
pənak | 'to shoot with a sling'; /pənak/, /pənaki/, /pəpənak/ | ||
| 70 | to shoot
|
gulum- | 'to shoot with a short piece of wood'; /gulumiə/, /gugulum/ | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | goa | 'to pierce; to copulate with' | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | tor- | 'to stab, to stick, to pierce'; /tori/, /totor/; possible loan from Ramoaaina | L? | |
| 72 | to hit
|
rəpu | 'to hit with the hand' | ||
| 72 | to hit
|
wulət- | 'to hit with a stick'; /wuləti/, /wulətiə/, /wuwulət/ | ||
| 73 | to steal | loŋ | /loŋ/, /loŋi/, /loŋiə/; /niloŋ/ 'theft' | ||
| 74 | to kill | dok- | /doka/, /doko/, /wərdədok/ | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead | mat | 1 | ||
| 76 | to live, be alive | ləun | |||
| 77 | to scratch
|
ud- | 'to scrape (cassava)'; /udiə/, /udud/ | ||
| 77 | to scratch
|
kəi | 'to scratch, to scrape (a coconut)'; /kəi/, /kəkəi/, /kəkəkəi/ | 71 | |
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
bur- | 'to cut (a tree), to chop'; /buriə/, /buru/, /bubur/, /buburu/ | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
kut- | 'to cut (into pieces), to chop'; /kutiə/, /kutu/ | 9 | |
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
burukut- | 'to cut up, to chop up'; /burukutiə/, /burukutu/ | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
pok- | 'to cut with a small knife, to slice'; /poka/, /poko/ | 56 | |
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
tog- | 'to cut (e.g., bone)'; /toga/, /togo/ | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
rəmai | 'to cut grass' | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | pəkən nə dəwai | 'piece of wood' | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | ŋun nə dəwəi | 'piece of wood' | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | dəwai | 'tree, wood' | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | buk | 'walking stick' | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | olot | 'digging stick' | ||
| 80 | to split
|
arik- | /arikiə/, /ararik/ | ||
| 80 | to split
|
pəlag | /pəlag/, /pəlagi/, /pəlagiə/, /pəpələg/ | ||
| 80 | to split
|
rəbəne | 'to tear apart, to shred'; /rəbəne/, /rəbərəbəne/ | ||
| 81 | sharp | ŋəŋər | |||
| 82 | dull, blunt | mul | |||
| 82 | dull, blunt | botbot | |||
| 83 | to work
|
pəlum- | 'to work, to work in a garden'; /pəlumiə/, /pəlumu/; /pəpəlum/ 'garden' | ||
| 84 | to plant | oe | |||
| 85 | to choose | pilək- | /piləki/, /piləkiə/, /pipilək/ | ||
| 86 | to grow
|
tawə | 4 | ||
| 87 | to swell
|
uruŋ | /uruŋ/, /ururuŋ/ | 56 | |
| 88 | to squeeze
|
pipit- | /pipite/, /pipitəne/ | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
pur- | 'to squeeze grated coconut'; /puriə/, /puru/ | ||
| 89 | to hold
|
wətur- | /wəturiə/, /wəturu/, /wəwətur/; literally 'to make stand'? | ||
| 90 | to dig | kəl- | /kəli/, /kəkəl/ | 1 | |
| 91 | to buy | kul- | /kuliə/, /kulu/, /kukul/ | 15 | |
| 92 | to open, uncover | pəpə | 'to open'; /pəpə/, /pəpəi/ | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | wəwai | 'to reveal' | ||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
tut- | 'to pound, to beat, to crush (e.g., nuts)'; /tutiə/, /tutu/, /tutut/ | 2 | |
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
ak- | 'to pound, to crush, to smash (e.g., shells)'; /akiə/, /akak/ | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
bəl- | /bəle/, /bəbələi/ | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
pəkəte | 'to throw, to flick, to flip' | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
burəi | |||
| 96 | dog | pap | 37 | ||
| 97 | bird | beo | |||
| 98 | egg | kiau | /kiaun/ 'its egg' | 31 | |
| 99 | feather | kəpit | 'hair, feather' | ||
| 99 | feather | lakuə | /lakuən/ 'its feather'; possible loan from Ramoaaina | L? | |
| 100 | wing | bəbe | /bəbean/ 'its wing' | 34 | |
| 101 | to fly | pururuŋ | 29 | ||
| 102 | rat | kuw | |||
| 102 | rat | məŋ | 'bandicoot' | ||
| 103 | meat/flesh | wion | |||
| 103 | meat/flesh | kirip | 'protein source (including meat, fish, eggs)' | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | bir | /birin/ 'his/her/its fat' | ||
| 105 | tail | kur | /kurun/ 'its tail' | ||
| 106 | snake | wui | |||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | kalol | |||
| 108 | louse
|
ut | 1 | ||
| 108 | louse
|
liə | 'louse egg, nit' | ||
| 109 | mosquito | ŋətiŋat | |||
| 110 | spider | kəbilok | |||
| 111 | fish | en | 1 | ||
| 112 | rotten
|
marer | |||
| 112 | rotten
|
məraŋ | 'dry, rotten' | ||
| 113 | branch
|
gəgən | 'branch, thigh'; possible loan from Ramoaaina | L? | |
| 114 | leaf | məpinai | |||
| 115 | root | okor | |||
| 116 | flower | purpur | 13 | ||
| 117 | fruit | wunuwəi | |||
| 117 | fruit | wen | 'seed, fruit' | 1 | |
| 117 | fruit | pəti | 'seed'; /patin/ 'its seed' | ||
| 118 | grass | wur | |||
| 118 | grass | kunəi | 'sword grass' | 43 | |
| 119 | earth/soil | piə | 44 | ||
| 120 | stone | wat | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | weo | |||
| 122 | water
|
təu | |||
| 123 | to flow | alir | 'to swim, to float, to flow' | 24 | |
| 124 | sea | tai | 'sea, salt' | 1 | |
| 125 | salt | tai | 'sea, salt' | 20 | |
| 125 | salt | məpək | 'bitter, salty' | ||
| 125 | salt | sol | loan from Tok Pisin /sol/ 'salt' | 60 | L |
| 126 | lake | tai lili | 'lake' < /tai/ 'water' + /lili/ 'to spin'; cf. Tok Pisin /raunwara/ 'lake' | ||
| 126 | lake | lob | 'pond' | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | ləkor | |||
| 128 | sky | məup | |||
| 128 | sky | bəkut | 'cloud, sky' | ||
| 129 | moon | gai | 'moon, month' | ||
| 130 | star | təgul | |||
| 131 | cloud
|
bəkut | 'cloud, sky' | ||
| 132 | fog | gawul | |||
| 132 | fog | wal | 56 | ||
| 133 | rain | bət | |||
| 134 | thunder | pəgupagur | |||
| 135 | lightning | pipi | 46 | ||
| 136 | wind | wuwu | 'wind, breath' | 33 | |
| 137 | to blow
|
wu | 4, 57 | ||
| 137 | to blow
|
tur | same form as 'to stand' | ||
| 138 | warm
|
murərəŋ | 'warm, hot (weather)' | ||
| 138 | warm
|
mələpəŋ | 'warm, hot (feeling, as from fever)' | ||
| 139 | cold
|
madiriŋ | 'cool, cold (weather)'; /wəmədiriŋ/ 'to make cold, to freeze (transitive)' | 1 | |
| 139 | cold
|
mudiən | 'cool, cold (feeling, as from chills)' | ||
| 140 | dry
|
geage | |||
| 140 | dry
|
məraŋ | 'dry, rotten' | ||
| 141 | wet | buibui | 109 | ||
| 142 | heavy | məmət | |||
| 143 | fire | iau | |||
| 144 | to burn
|
o | 'to burn (intransitive)' | ||
| 144 | to burn
|
tun- | 'to burn (transitive), to cook'; /tunu/, /tutun/ | 1, 7 | |
| 144 | to burn
|
raŋi | 'to singe' | ||
| 145 | smoke
|
mi | 39 | ||
| 146 | ash | kebu | 'dust, ashes' | ||
| 146 | ash | kebu nə iau | 'dust/ashes of fire' | ||
| 147 | black | mərut | /mərut/, /mərutun/ | ||
| 148 | white | pua | 29 | ||
| 149 | red | biro | /biro/, /biron/ | 37 | |
| 150 | yellow | wai | /wai/, /wain/; possible loan from Ramoaaina | L? | |
| 151 | green | limut | /limut/, /limutun/ | 76 | |
| 152 | small | kilik | |||
| 152 | small | naik | 'small, young' | ||
| 153 | big | ŋəl | |||
| 154 | short
|
ŋun | |||
| 155 | long
|
loi | cf. /ləloi/ 'coil of shell money' | ||
| 156 | thin
|
pəlabeb | 'thin, flat' | ||
| 157 | thick
|
butubut | |||
| 158 | narrow | ŋətur | |||
| 159 | wide | ləben | |||
| 160 | painful, sick | kədik | 'to be in pain, to hurt'; /kədik/; /kinədik/ 'pain' | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | məit | 'sick, to be sick' | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed | ruw | 'shy' | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed | wiriwir | 'ashamed, to be ashamed'; /wiriwir/; /wəwiriwir/ 'to cause shame' | ||
| 162 | old
|
məulun | |||
| 162 | old
|
ləpun | 'old person' | ||
| 163 | new | kələmən | 'new, raw, uncooked' | ||
| 164 | good | boi | 108 | ||
| 165 | bad, evil | kain | /wəkəina/ 'to make bad, to ruin' | ||
| 166 | correct, true | dəwot | 'correct, true'; /dəwot/, /dəwatin/ | ||
| 166 | correct, true | tun | 'true, right' | ||
| 166 | correct, true | takədoi | 'straight, flat; correct' | ||
| 167 | night | mərum | |||
| 168 | day | buŋ | 'day (countable)' | ||
| 168 | day | mage | 'sun, day(time)' | ||
| 169 | year | kiləl | |||
| 170 | when?
|
wiŋaiə | |||
| 171 | to hide
|
pərəu | 'to hide (intransitive)' | ||
| 171 | to hide
|
doŋ | 'to hide (intransitive)'; /doŋ/; /doŋdoŋ/ 'hiding place' | ||
| 171 | to hide
|
iwe | 'to hide (transitive)' | ||
| 172 | to climb
|
koe | |||
| 172 | to climb
|
kəkuai | |||
| 173 | at | ə | 'in, at, on' | 1 | |
| 174 | in, inside | ə | 'in, at, on' | 4 | |
| 174 | in, inside | əra | 'in, inside' | ||
| 174 | in, inside | nə | 'of, in' | 1 | |
| 175 | above | kənəm | |||
| 175 | above | liu | |||
| 175 | above | məliu | 'up' | ||
| 175 | above | ərəm | 'up' | ||
| 175 | above | urəm | 'up' | ||
| 176 | below | kəna | |||
| 176 | below | ur | 'down' | ||
| 176 | below | ura | 'down' | ||
| 176 | below | uri | 'down' | ||
| 177 | this | no | 1 | ||
| 177 | this | ni | 1 | ||
| 177 | this | nəgo | |||
| 178 | that | ma | |||
| 178 | that | na | 1 | ||
| 178 | that | mena | |||
| 179 | near | mərəwəi | |||
| 180 | far | wəilik | |||
| 181 | where?
|
wa | 3, 48 | ||
| 181 | where?
|
əwa | |||
| 182 | I | iau | 'me' (1SG independent/object) | 1, 21 | |
| 182 | I | io | 'I' (1SG subject) | 1, 21 | |
| 183 | thou | u | 'you' (2SG independent/object/subject) | 34 | |
| 184 | he/she | iə | 'him, her, it' (3SG object) | 1 | |
| 184 | he/she | i | 'he, she, it' (3SG subject) | 1, 22 | |
| 185 | we
|
mam | 'us' (1PL.EXCL independent/object) | ||
| 185 | we
|
mi | 'we' (1PL.EXCL subject) | ||
| 185 | we
|
təd | 'us' (1PL.INCL independent/object) | ||
| 185 | we
|
tunu | 'we' (1PL.INCL subject) | ||
| 185 | we
|
məmir | 'us two' (1DU.EXCL independent/object) | ||
| 185 | we
|
miri | 'we two' (1DU.EXCL subject) | ||
| 185 | we
|
dətər | 'us two' (1DU.INCL independent/object) | ||
| 185 | we
|
duru | 'we two' (DU.INCL subject) | ||
| 185 | we
|
məmital | 'us three' (1TR.EXCL independent/object) | ||
| 185 | we
|
mitili | 'we three' (1TR.EXCL subject) | ||
| 185 | we
|
tətal | 'us three' (1TR.INCL independent/object) | ||
| 185 | we
|
tulu | 'we three' (1TR.INCL subject) | ||
| 186 | you | mui | 'you' (2PL independent/object) | 1, 13 | |
| 186 | you | mu | 'you' (2PL subject) | 1, 13 | |
| 186 | you | məmur | 'you two' (2DU independent/object) | ||
| 186 | you | muru | 'you two' (2DU subject) | ||
| 186 | you | məmutal | 'you three' (2TR independent/object) | ||
| 186 | you | mutulu | 'you' (2TR subject) | ||
| 187 | they | id | 'them' (3PL independent/object) | ||
| 187 | they | di | 'they' (3PL subject) | 25 | |
| 187 | they | dur | 'them two' (3DU independent/object) | ||
| 187 | they | duru | 'they two' (3DU subject) | ||
| 187 | they | dital | 'them three' (3TR independent/object) | ||
| 187 | they | ditili | 'they three' (3TR subject) | ||
| 188 | what?
|
au | |||
| 189 | who?
|
i | |||
| 190 | other | tərə wənə | 'other, another (person)' | ||
| 190 | other | tərək | 'one (person), other' | ||
| 190 | other | tarə | 'another' | ||
| 191 | all | mutu | |||
| 192 | and | mə | 2 | ||
| 193 | if | ona | |||
| 193 | if | tona | |||
| 194 | how?
|
bie | |||
| 195 | no, not | pə | preverbal negator | ||
| 195 | no, not | pətai | 'no (negative response word), nothing' | ||
| 195 | no, not | kir | prenominal negator | ||
| 195 | no, not | wəkir | prenominal negator | ||
| 196 | to count | luk- | /lukiə/, /luku/ | 1, 83 | |
| 197 | One
|
tikai | absolute numeral | 43 | |
| 197 | One
|
wənə | adnominal numeral | ||
| 197 | One
|
ə wənə | adnominal numeral | ||
| 197 | One
|
tərək | 'one (person), other' | ||
| 197 | One
|
təke | in esoteric counting | 53 | |
| 198 | Two
|
ə uruə | absolute numeral | ||
| 198 | Two
|
ə urə | adnominal numeral | ||
| 198 | Two
|
urəde | in esoteric counting | ||
| 199 | Three
|
ə utul | absolute/adnominal numeral | ||
| 199 | Three
|
təmapu | in esoteric counting | ||
| 200 | Four
|
ə iwat | absolute numeral | ||
| 200 | Four
|
ə iwət | adnominal numeral | ||
| 200 | Four
|
kaiti | in esoteric counting | 1, 65 | |
| 201 | Five
|
ə ilim | absolute numeral | ||
| 201 | Five
|
ə ilima | adnominal numeral | ||
| 201 | Five
|
kaita | in esoteric counting | ||
| 202 | Six
|
ləptikai | absolute numeral | ||
| 202 | Six
|
ləptiken | adnominal numeral | ||
| 202 | Six
|
libur | in esoteric counting | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
ləwuruə | absolute numeral | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
ləwuruən | adnominal numeral | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
matam | in esoteric counting | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
ləwutul | absolute numeral | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
ləwutulun | adnominal numeral | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
tumam | in esoteric counting | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
ləwuwat | absolute numeral | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
ləwuwətin | adnominal numeral | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
tərərek | in esoteric counting | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
winun | absolute/adnominal numeral | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
ə winun | absolute/adnominal numeral | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
mude | in esoteric counting | ||
| 207 | Twenty
|
ə ura winun | |||
| 208 | Fifty
|
ə ilima na winun | |||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
mar | 'hundred' | ||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
tərək ərə mar | 'one hundred' | ||
| 210 | One Thousand
|
rip | 'thousand' | ||
| 210 | One Thousand
|
tərək ərə rip | 'one thousand' |
