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Language: Kuanua (Makada)

Source/Author:  Barlow (2024) 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:ksd  Glottocode: kuan1248 
Notes:  Barlow, Russell. 2024. The Makada dialect of Kuanua. Te Reo 67(1): 1–71. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000F-6F4C-1. 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Russell Barlow  Checked By: Russell Barlow 
Statistics:   
Classification:  Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Western Oceanic:Meso Melanesian:New Ireland:South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic 
Map  Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. 

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Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
93 to pound, beat word info ak- 'to pound, to crush, to smash (e.g., shells)'; /akiə/, /akak/    
28 to breathe ali wuwu 'to pull wind'; cf. Tok Pisin /pulim win/ 'to breathe'    
9 to swim alir 'to swim, to float, to flow'    
123 to flow alir 'to swim, to float, to flow' 24  
80 to split word info arik- /arikiə/, /ararik/    
188 what? word info au      
69 to hunt word info awer 'to seek, to look for'; /awer/, /awəre/    
97 bird beo      
64 to say bia 'to say; thus, like this'    
194 how? word info bie      
27 nose bile /bileug/ 'my nose', /bileum/ 'your nose', /bileun/ 'his/her nose'    
104 fat/grease bir /birin/ 'his/her/its fat'    
70 to shoot word info bir- 'to shoot with a stone or a piece of wood'; /biri/, /biriə/, /biru/    
149 red biro /biro/, /biron/ 37  
164 good boi   108  
82 dull, blunt botbot      
18 breast boŋoboŋ 'chest'; /boŋoboŋom/ 'your chest', /boŋoboŋon/ 'his/her chest'    
141 wet buibui   109  
79 stick/wood buk 'walking stick'    
56 child bul /bul/; /bulik/ 'little child' (with /-ik/ 'DIM') 37  
78 to cut, hack word info bur- 'to cut (a tree), to chop'; /buriə/, /buru/, /bubur/, /buburu/    
78 to cut, hack word info burukut- 'to cut up, to chop up'; /burukutiə/, /burukutu/    
22 to fear burut /burut/, /burutəne/ 28  
95 to fall word info burəi      
157 thick word info butubut      
168 day buŋ 'day (countable)'    
100 wing bəbe /bəbean/ 'its wing' 34  
128 sky bəkut 'cloud, sky'    
131 cloud word info bəkut 'cloud, sky'    
14 belly bəl /bəlag/ 'my belly', /bəlam/ 'your belly', /bələn/ 'his/her belly'    
94 to throw word info bəl- /bəle/, /bəbələi/    
133 rain bət      
187 they di 'they' (3PL subject) 25  
187 they dital 'them three' (3TR independent/object)    
187 they ditili 'they three' (3TR subject)    
48 to sleep diəu 'to sleep, to lie down'; /diəu/; /nidiəu/ 'sleep, rest'    
49 to lie down word info diəu 'to sleep, to lie down'; /diəu/; /nidiəu/ 'sleep, rest'    
48 to sleep diəu dumən      
74 to kill dok- /doka/, /doko/, /wərdədok/    
171 to hide word info doŋ 'to hide (intransitive)'; /doŋ/; /doŋdoŋ/ 'hiding place'    
10 dirty dur   68  
187 they dur 'them two' (3DU independent/object)    
185 we word info duru 'we two' (DU.INCL subject)    
187 they duru 'they two' (3DU subject)    
185 we word info dətər 'us two' (1DU.INCL independent/object)    
79 stick/wood dəwai 'tree, wood'    
166 correct, true dəwot 'correct, true'; /dəwot/, /dəwatin/    
111 fish en   1  
37 to eat eni 'to eat (transitive)' 1  
26 hair word info ewau 'body hair'; /ewauin/ 'his/her body hair'    
129 moon gai 'moon, month'    
23 blood gap /gapun/ 'his/her blood' 5  
132 fog gawul      
140 dry word info geage      
46 to see gir- /gire/, /gigir/    
71 to stab, pierce goa 'to pierce; to copulate with'    
70 to shoot word info gulum- 'to shoot with a short piece of wood'; /gulumiə/, /gugulum/    
53 person/human being gunən nitun 'person' < /gunən/ 'village' + /ni-tun/ 'NMLZ-true'    
113 branch word info gəgən 'branch, thigh'; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
36 to spit gəmi /gəmi/, /gəmiə/, /gəgəmi/    
184 he/she i 'he, she, it' (3SG subject) 1, 22  
189 who? word info i      
37 to eat ian 'to eat (intransitive)' 1  
143 fire iau      
182 I iau 'me' (1SG independent/object) 1, 21  
187 they id 'them' (3PL independent/object)    
182 I io 'I' (1SG subject) 1, 21  
171 to hide word info iwe 'to hide (transitive)'    
67 to sew word info iŋit- /iŋiti/, /iŋitiə/, /iŋiŋit/; /niŋit/ 'sewing, stitchery' 43  
184 he/she 'him, her, it' (3SG object) 1  
63 name iəŋ /iaŋig/ 'my name', /iaŋin/ 'his/her name'    
165 bad, evil kain /wəkəina/ 'to make bad, to ruin'    
201 Five word info kaita in esoteric counting    
200 Four word info kaiti in esoteric counting 1, 65  
107 worm (earthworm) kalol      
17 liver kat 'liver, heart (?)'; /katig/ 'my liver', /katim/ 'your liver', /katin/ 'his/her liver' 1  
11 dust kebu 'dust, ashes'    
146 ash kebu 'dust, ashes'    
146 ash kebu nə iau 'dust/ashes of fire'    
4 leg/foot kek 'leg, foot'; /kakig/ 'my leg', /kakim/ 'your leg', /kaken/ 'his/her leg'    
51 to sit ki   20  
98 egg kiau /kiaun/ 'its egg' 31  
152 small kilik      
169 year kiləl      
195 no, not kir prenominal negator    
103 meat/flesh kirip 'protein source (including meat, fish, eggs)'    
172 to climb word info koe      
25 neck kokoŋ /kokoŋim/ 'your neck', /kokoŋin/ 'his/her neck'    
91 to buy kul- /kuliə/, /kulu/, /kukul/ 15  
118 grass kunəi 'sword grass' 43  
105 tail kur /kurun/ 'its tail'    
39 to cook word info kur- 'to boil'; /kuro/, /kurua/    
78 to cut, hack word info kut- 'to cut (into pieces), to chop'; /kutiə/, /kutu/ 9  
102 rat kuw      
110 spider kəbilok      
62 thatch/roof kəbəkabon 'thatch'    
160 painful, sick kədik 'to be in pain, to hurt'; /kədik/; /kinədik/ 'pain'    
77 to scratch word info kəi 'to scratch, to scrape (a coconut)'; /kəi/, /kəkəi/, /kəkəkəi/ 71  
172 to climb word info kəkuai      
90 to dig kəl- /kəli/, /kəkəl/ 1  
163 new kələmən 'new, raw, uncooked'    
176 below kəna      
175 above kənəm      
26 hair word info kəpit 'hair, feather'    
99 feather kəpit 'hair, feather'    
26 hair word info kəpit nə lor 'hair of head'    
26 hair word info kəpit nə olun 'hair of his/her head'    
32 tongue kərəmiə /kərəmeam/ 'your tongue', /kərəmean/ 'his/her tongue'    
41 to bite kərət /kərət/, /kərətiə/, /wərkərat/ 1  
19 shoulder kəukəuwal /kəukəuwalig/ 'my shoulder', /kəukəuwalim/ 'your shoulder'    
99 feather lakuə /lakuən/ 'its feather'; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
69 to hunt word info leb /leb/, /lebi/; /nileb/ 'hunting, pursuit'; from an archaic word for 'dog'?    
202 Six word info libur in esoteric counting    
8 to turn word info lili 'to spin'    
1 hand lim 'hand, arm'; /limag/ 'my hand', /limam/ 'your hand', /limən/ 'his/her hand' 1, 64  
151 green limut /limut/, /limutun/ 76  
3 right limətun      
175 above liu      
108 louse word info liə 'louse egg, nit'    
126 lake lob 'pond'    
155 long word info loi cf. /ləloi/ 'coil of shell money'    
24 head lor      
73 to steal loŋ /loŋ/, /loŋi/, /loŋiə/; /niloŋ/ 'theft'    
196 to count luk- /lukiə/, /luku/ 1, 83  
29 to sniff, smell luŋ- /luŋu/, /luluŋ/    
159 wide ləben      
127 woods/forest ləkor      
202 Six word info ləptikai absolute numeral    
202 Six word info ləptiken adnominal numeral    
162 old word info ləpun 'old person'    
76 to live, be alive ləun      
203 Seven word info ləwuruə absolute numeral    
203 Seven word info ləwuruən adnominal numeral    
204 Eight word info ləwutul absolute numeral    
204 Eight word info ləwutulun adnominal numeral    
205 Nine word info ləwuwat absolute numeral    
205 Nine word info ləwuwətin adnominal numeral    
178 that ma      
139 cold word info madiriŋ 'cool, cold (weather)'; /wəmədiriŋ/ 'to make cold, to freeze (transitive)' 1  
168 day mage 'sun, day(time)'    
2 left mair   1, 59  
185 we word info mam 'us' (1PL.EXCL independent/object)    
209 One Hundred word info mar 'hundred'    
112 rotten word info marer      
75 to die, be dead mat   1  
203 Seven word info matam in esoteric counting    
178 that mena      
145 smoke word info mi   39  
185 we word info mi 'we' (1PL.EXCL subject)    
185 we word info miri 'we two' (1DU.EXCL subject)    
185 we word info mitili 'we three' (1TR.EXCL subject)    
40 to drink mom /mom/, /mome/; /wamoma/ 'to make drink' 27  
47 to yawn mowiəu      
186 you mu 'you' (2PL subject) 1, 13  
206 Ten word info mude in esoteric counting    
139 cold word info mudiən 'cool, cold (feeling, as from chills)'    
186 you mui 'you' (2PL independent/object) 1, 13  
82 dull, blunt mul      
186 you muru 'you two' (2DU subject)    
138 warm word info murərəŋ 'warm, hot (weather)'    
191 all mutu      
186 you mutulu 'you' (2TR subject)    
192 and   2  
38 to chew word info məi 'to chew betel nut'; /məi/, /məməi/; /minəməi/ 'chewed-up betel nut'    
160 painful, sick məit 'sick, to be sick'    
175 above məliu 'up'    
138 warm word info mələpəŋ 'warm, hot (feeling, as from fever)'    
185 we word info məmir 'us two' (1DU.EXCL independent/object)    
185 we word info məmital 'us three' (1TR.EXCL independent/object)    
186 you məmur 'you two' (2DU independent/object)    
186 you məmutal 'you three' (2TR independent/object)    
142 heavy məmət      
114 leaf məpinai      
125 salt məpək 'bitter, salty'    
112 rotten word info məraŋ 'dry, rotten'    
140 dry word info məraŋ 'dry, rotten'    
64 to say mərug- /məruge/, /mərumarug/ 'saying, speech, talk'    
167 night mərum      
35 to vomit mərumaruəi      
147 black mərut /mərut/, /mərutun/    
179 near mərəwəi      
45 eye mət /mətag/ 'my eye', /mətam/ 'your eye', /mətən/ 'his/her eye' 1  
162 old word info məulun      
128 sky məup      
102 rat məŋ 'bandicoot'    
178 that na   1  
56 child naik 'small, young'    
152 small naik 'small, young'    
59 mother nana 'mother (vocative)'    
56 child natu /natug/ 'my child', /natum/ 'your child', /natun/ 'his/her child' 5  
177 this ni   1  
68 needle nil loan from Tok Pisin /nil/ 'needle'   L
177 this no   1  
21 to think nuk- /nukiə/, /nunuk/; /ninunuk/ 'thought'    
20 to know, be knowledgeable nunure 'to know'    
174 in, inside 'of, in' 1  
177 this nəgo      
33 to laugh nəŋon /nəŋon/, /noŋone/; /niŋəŋon/ 'laughter'    
144 to burn word info o 'to burn (intransitive)'    
84 to plant oe      
115 root okor      
24 head ol /olug/ 'my head', /olun/ 'his/her head'    
62 thatch/roof ol ə pal 'roof'; literally 'head on house'    
79 stick/wood olot 'digging stick'    
193 if ona      
61 house pal   14  
39 to cook word info pan 'to fry'; /pani/; loan from English /pan/? 50 L?
96 dog pap   37  
85 to choose pilək- /piləki/, /piləkiə/, /pipilək/    
135 lightning pipi   46  
88 to squeeze word info pipit- /pipite/, /pipitəne/    
119 earth/soil piə   44  
78 to cut, hack word info pok- 'to cut with a small knife, to slice'; /poka/, /poko/ 56  
7 to come pot      
148 white pua   29  
8 to turn word info puku- 'to overturn, to flip over'; /pukue/, /pupukuəi/    
88 to squeeze word info pur- 'to squeeze grated coconut'; /puriə/, /puru/    
116 flower purpur   13  
101 to fly pururuŋ   29  
195 no, not preverbal negator    
134 thunder pəgupagur      
79 stick/wood pəkən nə dəwai 'piece of wood'    
94 to throw word info pəkəte 'to throw, to flick, to flip'    
156 thin word info pəlabeb 'thin, flat'    
80 to split word info pəlag /pəlag/, /pəlagi/, /pəlagiə/, /pəpələg/    
31 tooth pəlaŋiə /pələŋien/ 'his/her tooth'    
83 to work word info pəlum- 'to work, to work in a garden'; /pəlumiə/, /pəlumu/; /pəpəlum/ 'garden'    
12 skin pələ 'skin, body'; /palig/ 'my skin', /palim/ 'your skin', /palin/ 'his/her skin'    
70 to shoot word info pənak 'to shoot with a sling'; /pənak/, /pənaki/, /pəpənak/    
92 to open, uncover pəpə 'to open'; /pəpə/, /pəpəi/    
39 to cook word info pər- 'to cook in an earth oven, to mumu (Tok Pisin)'; /pəre/, /pəpər/; /pinəpər/ 'oven cooking, oven cookery'    
171 to hide word info pərəu 'to hide (intransitive)'    
195 no, not pətai 'no (negative response word), nothing'    
117 fruit pəti 'seed'; /patin/ 'its seed'    
144 to burn word info raŋi 'to singe'    
210 One Thousand word info rip 'thousand'    
50 to dream ririwon      
161 shy, ashamed ruw 'shy'    
80 to split word info rəbəne 'to tear apart, to shred'; /rəbəne/, /rəbərəbəne/    
78 to cut, hack word info rəmai 'to cut grass'    
72 to hit word info rəpu 'to hit with the hand'    
125 salt sol loan from Tok Pisin /sol/ 'salt' 60 L
124 sea tai 'sea, salt' 1  
125 salt tai 'sea, salt' 20  
126 lake tai lili 'lake' < /tai/ 'water' + /lili/ 'to spin'; cf. Tok Pisin /raunwara/ 'lake'    
166 correct, true takədoi 'straight, flat; correct'    
43 ear taliŋ /təliŋag/ 'my ear', /təliŋam/ 'your ear', /təliŋən/ 'his/her ear' 1  
13 back word info tamur      
190 other tarə 'another'    
60 father tata 'father (vocative)' 19  
86 to grow word info tawə   4  
197 One word info tikai absolute numeral 43  
59 mother tine /tinag/ 'my mother', /tinam/ 'your mother', /tinən/ 'his/her mother' 1  
78 to cut, hack word info tog- 'to cut (e.g., bone)'; /toga/, /togo/    
57 husband tolai 'spouse'; /bərətolai/ 'spouses (plural)'    
58 wife tolai 'spouse'; /bərətolai/ 'spouses (plural)'    
193 if tona      
71 to stab, pierce tor- 'to stab, to stick, to pierce'; /tori/, /totor/; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
13 back word info toru- /torum/ 'your back', /torun/ 'his/her back'    
185 we word info tulu 'we three' (1TR.INCL subject)    
204 Eight word info tumam in esoteric counting    
166 correct, true tun 'true, right'    
39 to cook word info tun- 'to burn (transitive), to cook'; /tunu/, /tutun/ 9  
144 to burn word info tun- 'to burn (transitive), to cook'; /tunu/, /tutun/ 1, 7  
185 we word info tunu 'we' (1PL.INCL subject)    
52 to stand tur /tur/, /turu/ 2  
137 to blow word info tur same form as 'to stand'    
93 to pound, beat word info tut- 'to pound, to beat, to crush (e.g., nuts)'; /tutiə/, /tutu/, /tutut/ 2  
54 man/male tutunən 'man, husband'    
57 husband tutunən 'man, husband'    
8 to turn word info təbe 'to turn, to steer (transitive)'    
185 we word info təd 'us' (1PL.INCL independent/object)    
7 to come tədəu      
130 star təgul      
197 One word info təke in esoteric counting 53  
199 Three word info təmapu in esoteric counting    
60 father təme /təmag/ 'my father', /təmam/ 'your father', /təmən/ 'his/her father' 1  
190 other tərə wənə 'other, another (person)'    
53 person/human being tərəi 'people, men, husbands (plural)'    
54 man/male tərəi 'people, men, husbands (plural)'    
53 person/human being tərək 'one (person), other'    
190 other tərək 'one (person), other'    
197 One word info tərək 'one (person), other'    
209 One Hundred word info tərək ərə mar 'one hundred'    
210 One Thousand word info tərək ərə rip 'one thousand'    
205 Nine word info tərərek in esoteric counting    
185 we word info tətal 'us three' (1TR.INCL independent/object)    
122 water word info təu      
34 to cry təŋi /təŋi/; /tinəŋen/ 'crying, lamentation' 1  
18 breast u 'woman's breast'; /um/ 'your breast', /un/ 'her breast' 1  
42 to suck u same form as 'breast'; /wəu/ 'to make suck, to nurse (transitive)' 25  
183 thou u 'you' (2SG independent/object/subject) 34  
70 to shoot word info ub- 'to shoot with a spear'; /ubiə/, /ubu/    
77 to scratch word info ud- 'to scrape (cassava)'; /udiə/, /udud/    
15 bone ur /urun/ 'his/her bone' 52  
176 below ur 'down'    
68 needle ur nə niŋit literally 'bone of sewing'    
176 below ura 'down'    
176 below uri 'down'    
87 to swell word info uruŋ /uruŋ/, /ururuŋ/ 56  
198 Two word info urəde in esoteric counting    
175 above urəm 'up'    
108 louse word info ut   1  
181 where? word info wa   3, 48  
150 yellow wai /wai/, /wain/; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
132 fog wal   56  
44 to hear waləŋor /waləŋor/, /wəloŋore/    
120 stone wat   1  
55 woman/female wawin 'woman, wife'    
58 wife wawin 'woman, wife'    
117 fruit wen 'seed, fruit' 1  
121 sand weo      
66 to tie up, fasten wi      
65 rope winau 'vine, rope'    
16 intestines winon      
16 intestines winon nə bəl 'guts of belly'; /winon nə bələn/ 'his/her intestines'    
206 Ten word info winun absolute/adnominal numeral    
103 meat/flesh wion      
161 shy, ashamed wiriwir 'ashamed, to be ashamed'; /wiriwir/; /wəwiriwir/ 'to cause shame'    
170 when? word info wiŋaiə      
137 to blow word info wu   4, 57  
106 snake wui      
72 to hit word info wulət- 'to hit with a stick'; /wuləti/, /wulətiə/, /wuwulət/    
117 fruit wunuwəi      
118 grass wur      
136 wind wuwu 'wind, breath' 33  
180 far wəilik      
195 no, not wəkir prenominal negator    
8 to turn word info wəliliai 'to turn around (intransitive)'    
5 to walk wən 'to go, to walk'; /wən/, /wənə/, /wənəwən/    
7 to come wən ukai 'to go hither'    
197 One word info wənə adnominal numeral    
55 woman/female wəriden 'women, wives (plural)'    
58 wife wəriden 'women, wives (plural)'    
64 to say wəriwe 'to tell'    
89 to hold word info wətur- /wəturiə/, /wəturu/, /wəwətur/; literally 'to make stand'?    
92 to open, uncover wəwai 'to reveal'    
6 road/path ŋai      
30 mouth ŋiə /ŋieg/ 'my mouth', /ŋiem/ 'your mouth', /ŋien/ 'his/her mouth'    
154 short word info ŋun      
79 stick/wood ŋun nə dəwəi 'piece of wood'    
153 big ŋəl      
109 mosquito ŋətiŋat      
158 narrow ŋətur      
81 sharp ŋəŋər      
173 at ə 'in, at, on' 1  
174 in, inside ə 'in, at, on' 4  
201 Five word info ə ilim absolute numeral    
201 Five word info ə ilima adnominal numeral    
208 Fifty word info ə ilima na winun      
200 Four word info ə iwat absolute numeral    
200 Four word info ə iwət adnominal numeral    
207 Twenty word info ə ura winun      
198 Two word info ə uruə absolute numeral    
198 Two word info ə urə adnominal numeral    
199 Three word info ə utul absolute/adnominal numeral    
206 Ten word info ə winun absolute/adnominal numeral    
197 One word info ə wənə adnominal numeral    
174 in, inside əra 'in, inside'    
175 above ərəm 'up'    
181 where? word info əwa      

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