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Language: Kuanua (Makada)

Source/Author:  Barlow (2024) 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:ksd  Glottocode: kuan1248 
Notes:  Barlow, Russell. 2024. The Makada dialect of Kuanua. Te Reo 67(1): 1–71. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000F-6F4C-1. 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Russell Barlow  Checked By: Russell Barlow 
Statistics:   
Classification:  Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Western Oceanic:Meso Melanesian:New Ireland:South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic 
Map  Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. 

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Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
175 above kənəm      
175 above liu      
175 above məliu 'up'    
175 above ərəm 'up'    
175 above urəm 'up'    
191 all mutu      
192 and   2  
146 ash kebu 'dust, ashes'    
146 ash kebu nə iau 'dust/ashes of fire'    
173 at ə 'in, at, on' 1  
13 back word info tamur      
13 back word info toru- /torum/ 'your back', /torun/ 'his/her back'    
165 bad, evil kain /wəkəina/ 'to make bad, to ruin'    
14 belly bəl /bəlag/ 'my belly', /bəlam/ 'your belly', /bələn/ 'his/her belly'    
176 below kəna      
176 below ur 'down'    
176 below ura 'down'    
176 below uri 'down'    
153 big ŋəl      
97 bird beo      
147 black mərut /mərut/, /mərutun/    
23 blood gap /gapun/ 'his/her blood' 5  
15 bone ur /urun/ 'his/her bone' 52  
113 branch word info gəgən 'branch, thigh'; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
18 breast boŋoboŋ 'chest'; /boŋoboŋom/ 'your chest', /boŋoboŋon/ 'his/her chest'    
18 breast u 'woman's breast'; /um/ 'your breast', /un/ 'her breast' 1  
56 child naik 'small, young'    
56 child natu /natug/ 'my child', /natum/ 'your child', /natun/ 'his/her child' 5  
56 child bul /bul/; /bulik/ 'little child' (with /-ik/ 'DIM') 37  
131 cloud word info bəkut 'cloud, sky'    
139 cold word info madiriŋ 'cool, cold (weather)'; /wəmədiriŋ/ 'to make cold, to freeze (transitive)' 1  
139 cold word info mudiən 'cool, cold (feeling, as from chills)'    
166 correct, true dəwot 'correct, true'; /dəwot/, /dəwatin/    
166 correct, true tun 'true, right'    
166 correct, true takədoi 'straight, flat; correct'    
168 day buŋ 'day (countable)'    
168 day mage 'sun, day(time)'    
10 dirty dur   68  
96 dog pap   37  
140 dry word info geage      
140 dry word info məraŋ 'dry, rotten'    
82 dull, blunt mul      
82 dull, blunt botbot      
11 dust kebu 'dust, ashes'    
43 ear taliŋ /təliŋag/ 'my ear', /təliŋam/ 'your ear', /təliŋən/ 'his/her ear' 1  
119 earth/soil piə   44  
98 egg kiau /kiaun/ 'its egg' 31  
204 Eight word info ləwutul absolute numeral    
204 Eight word info ləwutulun adnominal numeral    
204 Eight word info tumam in esoteric counting    
45 eye mət /mətag/ 'my eye', /mətam/ 'your eye', /mətən/ 'his/her eye' 1  
180 far wəilik      
104 fat/grease bir /birin/ 'his/her/its fat'    
60 father tata 'father (vocative)' 19  
60 father təme /təmag/ 'my father', /təmam/ 'your father', /təmən/ 'his/her father' 1  
99 feather kəpit 'hair, feather'    
99 feather lakuə /lakuən/ 'its feather'; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
208 Fifty word info ə ilima na winun      
143 fire iau      
111 fish en   1  
201 Five word info ə ilim absolute numeral    
201 Five word info ə ilima adnominal numeral    
201 Five word info kaita in esoteric counting    
116 flower purpur   13  
132 fog gawul      
132 fog wal   56  
200 Four word info ə iwat absolute numeral    
200 Four word info ə iwət adnominal numeral    
200 Four word info kaiti in esoteric counting 1, 65  
117 fruit wunuwəi      
117 fruit wen 'seed, fruit' 1  
117 fruit pəti 'seed'; /patin/ 'its seed'    
164 good boi   108  
118 grass wur      
118 grass kunəi 'sword grass' 43  
151 green limut /limut/, /limutun/ 76  
26 hair word info ewau 'body hair'; /ewauin/ 'his/her body hair'    
26 hair word info kəpit nə lor 'hair of head'    
26 hair word info kəpit nə olun 'hair of his/her head'    
26 hair word info kəpit 'hair, feather'    
1 hand lim 'hand, arm'; /limag/ 'my hand', /limam/ 'your hand', /limən/ 'his/her hand' 1, 64  
184 he/she 'him, her, it' (3SG object) 1  
184 he/she i 'he, she, it' (3SG subject) 1, 22  
24 head lor      
24 head ol /olug/ 'my head', /olun/ 'his/her head'    
142 heavy məmət      
61 house pal   14  
194 how? word info bie      
57 husband tolai 'spouse'; /bərətolai/ 'spouses (plural)'    
57 husband tutunən 'man, husband'    
182 I iau 'me' (1SG independent/object) 1, 21  
182 I io 'I' (1SG subject) 1, 21  
193 if ona      
193 if tona      
174 in, inside ə 'in, at, on' 4  
174 in, inside əra 'in, inside'    
174 in, inside 'of, in' 1  
16 intestines winon nə bəl 'guts of belly'; /winon nə bələn/ 'his/her intestines'    
16 intestines winon      
126 lake tai lili 'lake' < /tai/ 'water' + /lili/ 'to spin'; cf. Tok Pisin /raunwara/ 'lake'    
126 lake lob 'pond'    
114 leaf məpinai      
2 left mair   1, 59  
4 leg/foot kek 'leg, foot'; /kakig/ 'my leg', /kakim/ 'your leg', /kaken/ 'his/her leg'    
135 lightning pipi   46  
17 liver kat 'liver, heart (?)'; /katig/ 'my liver', /katim/ 'your liver', /katin/ 'his/her liver' 1  
155 long word info loi cf. /ləloi/ 'coil of shell money'    
108 louse word info ut   1  
108 louse word info liə 'louse egg, nit'    
54 man/male tərəi 'people, men, husbands (plural)'    
54 man/male tutunən 'man, husband'    
103 meat/flesh wion      
103 meat/flesh kirip 'protein source (including meat, fish, eggs)'    
129 moon gai 'moon, month'    
109 mosquito ŋətiŋat      
59 mother tine /tinag/ 'my mother', /tinam/ 'your mother', /tinən/ 'his/her mother' 1  
59 mother nana 'mother (vocative)'    
30 mouth ŋiə /ŋieg/ 'my mouth', /ŋiem/ 'your mouth', /ŋien/ 'his/her mouth'    
63 name iəŋ /iaŋig/ 'my name', /iaŋin/ 'his/her name'    
158 narrow ŋətur      
179 near mərəwəi      
25 neck kokoŋ /kokoŋim/ 'your neck', /kokoŋin/ 'his/her neck'    
68 needle ur nə niŋit literally 'bone of sewing'    
68 needle nil loan from Tok Pisin /nil/ 'needle'   L
163 new kələmən 'new, raw, uncooked'    
167 night mərum      
205 Nine word info ləwuwat absolute numeral    
205 Nine word info ləwuwətin adnominal numeral    
205 Nine word info tərərek in esoteric counting    
195 no, not preverbal negator    
195 no, not pətai 'no (negative response word), nothing'    
195 no, not kir prenominal negator    
195 no, not wəkir prenominal negator    
27 nose bile /bileug/ 'my nose', /bileum/ 'your nose', /bileun/ 'his/her nose'    
162 old word info məulun      
162 old word info ləpun 'old person'    
197 One word info tikai absolute numeral 43  
197 One word info wənə adnominal numeral    
197 One word info ə wənə adnominal numeral    
197 One word info tərək 'one (person), other'    
197 One word info təke in esoteric counting 53  
209 One Hundred word info mar 'hundred'    
209 One Hundred word info tərək ərə mar 'one hundred'    
210 One Thousand word info rip 'thousand'    
210 One Thousand word info tərək ərə rip 'one thousand'    
190 other tərə wənə 'other, another (person)'    
190 other tərək 'one (person), other'    
190 other tarə 'another'    
160 painful, sick kədik 'to be in pain, to hurt'; /kədik/; /kinədik/ 'pain'    
160 painful, sick məit 'sick, to be sick'    
53 person/human being tərəi 'people, men, husbands (plural)'    
53 person/human being tərək 'one (person), other'    
53 person/human being gunən nitun 'person' < /gunən/ 'village' + /ni-tun/ 'NMLZ-true'    
133 rain bət      
102 rat kuw      
102 rat məŋ 'bandicoot'    
149 red biro /biro/, /biron/ 37  
3 right limətun      
6 road/path ŋai      
115 root okor      
65 rope winau 'vine, rope'    
112 rotten word info marer      
112 rotten word info məraŋ 'dry, rotten'    
125 salt tai 'sea, salt' 20  
125 salt məpək 'bitter, salty'    
125 salt sol loan from Tok Pisin /sol/ 'salt' 60 L
121 sand weo      
124 sea tai 'sea, salt' 1  
203 Seven word info ləwuruə absolute numeral    
203 Seven word info ləwuruən adnominal numeral    
203 Seven word info matam in esoteric counting    
81 sharp ŋəŋər      
154 short word info ŋun      
19 shoulder kəukəuwal /kəukəuwalig/ 'my shoulder', /kəukəuwalim/ 'your shoulder'    
161 shy, ashamed ruw 'shy'    
161 shy, ashamed wiriwir 'ashamed, to be ashamed'; /wiriwir/; /wəwiriwir/ 'to cause shame'    
202 Six word info ləptikai absolute numeral    
202 Six word info ləptiken adnominal numeral    
202 Six word info libur in esoteric counting    
12 skin pələ 'skin, body'; /palig/ 'my skin', /palim/ 'your skin', /palin/ 'his/her skin'    
128 sky məup      
128 sky bəkut 'cloud, sky'    
152 small kilik      
152 small naik 'small, young'    
145 smoke word info mi   39  
106 snake wui      
110 spider kəbilok      
130 star təgul      
79 stick/wood pəkən nə dəwai 'piece of wood'    
79 stick/wood ŋun nə dəwəi 'piece of wood'    
79 stick/wood dəwai 'tree, wood'    
79 stick/wood buk 'walking stick'    
79 stick/wood olot 'digging stick'    
120 stone wat   1  
105 tail kur /kurun/ 'its tail'    
206 Ten word info winun absolute/adnominal numeral    
206 Ten word info ə winun absolute/adnominal numeral    
206 Ten word info mude in esoteric counting    
178 that ma      
178 that na   1  
178 that mena      
62 thatch/roof ol ə pal 'roof'; literally 'head on house'    
62 thatch/roof kəbəkabon 'thatch'    
187 they id 'them' (3PL independent/object)    
187 they di 'they' (3PL subject) 25  
187 they dur 'them two' (3DU independent/object)    
187 they duru 'they two' (3DU subject)    
187 they dital 'them three' (3TR independent/object)    
187 they ditili 'they three' (3TR subject)    
157 thick word info butubut      
156 thin word info pəlabeb 'thin, flat'    
177 this no   1  
177 this ni   1  
177 this nəgo      
183 thou u 'you' (2SG independent/object/subject) 34  
199 Three word info ə utul absolute/adnominal numeral    
199 Three word info təmapu in esoteric counting    
134 thunder pəgupagur      
41 to bite kərət /kərət/, /kərətiə/, /wərkərat/ 1  
137 to blow word info wu   4, 57  
137 to blow word info tur same form as 'to stand'    
28 to breathe ali wuwu 'to pull wind'; cf. Tok Pisin /pulim win/ 'to breathe'    
144 to burn word info o 'to burn (intransitive)'    
144 to burn word info tun- 'to burn (transitive), to cook'; /tunu/, /tutun/ 1, 7  
144 to burn word info raŋi 'to singe'    
91 to buy kul- /kuliə/, /kulu/, /kukul/ 15  
38 to chew word info məi 'to chew betel nut'; /məi/, /məməi/; /minəməi/ 'chewed-up betel nut'    
85 to choose pilək- /piləki/, /piləkiə/, /pipilək/    
172 to climb word info koe      
172 to climb word info kəkuai      
7 to come wən ukai 'to go hither'    
7 to come tədəu      
7 to come pot      
39 to cook word info pər- 'to cook in an earth oven, to mumu (Tok Pisin)'; /pəre/, /pəpər/; /pinəpər/ 'oven cooking, oven cookery'    
39 to cook word info pan 'to fry'; /pani/; loan from English /pan/? 50 L?
39 to cook word info kur- 'to boil'; /kuro/, /kurua/    
39 to cook word info tun- 'to burn (transitive), to cook'; /tunu/, /tutun/ 9  
196 to count luk- /lukiə/, /luku/ 1, 83  
34 to cry təŋi /təŋi/; /tinəŋen/ 'crying, lamentation' 1  
78 to cut, hack word info bur- 'to cut (a tree), to chop'; /buriə/, /buru/, /bubur/, /buburu/    
78 to cut, hack word info kut- 'to cut (into pieces), to chop'; /kutiə/, /kutu/ 9  
78 to cut, hack word info burukut- 'to cut up, to chop up'; /burukutiə/, /burukutu/    
78 to cut, hack word info pok- 'to cut with a small knife, to slice'; /poka/, /poko/ 56  
78 to cut, hack word info tog- 'to cut (e.g., bone)'; /toga/, /togo/    
78 to cut, hack word info rəmai 'to cut grass'    
75 to die, be dead mat   1  
90 to dig kəl- /kəli/, /kəkəl/ 1  
50 to dream ririwon      
40 to drink mom /mom/, /mome/; /wamoma/ 'to make drink' 27  
37 to eat ian 'to eat (intransitive)' 1  
37 to eat eni 'to eat (transitive)' 1  
95 to fall word info burəi      
22 to fear burut /burut/, /burutəne/ 28  
123 to flow alir 'to swim, to float, to flow' 24  
101 to fly pururuŋ   29  
86 to grow word info tawə   4  
44 to hear waləŋor /waləŋor/, /wəloŋore/    
171 to hide word info pərəu 'to hide (intransitive)'    
171 to hide word info doŋ 'to hide (intransitive)'; /doŋ/; /doŋdoŋ/ 'hiding place'    
171 to hide word info iwe 'to hide (transitive)'    
72 to hit word info rəpu 'to hit with the hand'    
72 to hit word info wulət- 'to hit with a stick'; /wuləti/, /wulətiə/, /wuwulət/    
89 to hold word info wətur- /wəturiə/, /wəturu/, /wəwətur/; literally 'to make stand'?    
69 to hunt word info awer 'to seek, to look for'; /awer/, /awəre/    
69 to hunt word info leb /leb/, /lebi/; /nileb/ 'hunting, pursuit'; from an archaic word for 'dog'?    
74 to kill dok- /doka/, /doko/, /wərdədok/    
20 to know, be knowledgeable nunure 'to know'    
33 to laugh nəŋon /nəŋon/, /noŋone/; /niŋəŋon/ 'laughter'    
49 to lie down word info diəu 'to sleep, to lie down'; /diəu/; /nidiəu/ 'sleep, rest'    
76 to live, be alive ləun      
92 to open, uncover pəpə 'to open'; /pəpə/, /pəpəi/    
92 to open, uncover wəwai 'to reveal'    
84 to plant oe      
93 to pound, beat word info tut- 'to pound, to beat, to crush (e.g., nuts)'; /tutiə/, /tutu/, /tutut/ 2  
93 to pound, beat word info ak- 'to pound, to crush, to smash (e.g., shells)'; /akiə/, /akak/    
64 to say wəriwe 'to tell'    
64 to say bia 'to say; thus, like this'    
64 to say mərug- /məruge/, /mərumarug/ 'saying, speech, talk'    
77 to scratch word info ud- 'to scrape (cassava)'; /udiə/, /udud/    
77 to scratch word info kəi 'to scratch, to scrape (a coconut)'; /kəi/, /kəkəi/, /kəkəkəi/ 71  
46 to see gir- /gire/, /gigir/    
67 to sew word info iŋit- /iŋiti/, /iŋitiə/, /iŋiŋit/; /niŋit/ 'sewing, stitchery' 43  
70 to shoot word info bir- 'to shoot with a stone or a piece of wood'; /biri/, /biriə/, /biru/    
70 to shoot word info ub- 'to shoot with a spear'; /ubiə/, /ubu/    
70 to shoot word info pənak 'to shoot with a sling'; /pənak/, /pənaki/, /pəpənak/    
70 to shoot word info gulum- 'to shoot with a short piece of wood'; /gulumiə/, /gugulum/    
51 to sit ki   20  
48 to sleep diəu dumən      
48 to sleep diəu 'to sleep, to lie down'; /diəu/; /nidiəu/ 'sleep, rest'    
29 to sniff, smell luŋ- /luŋu/, /luluŋ/    
36 to spit gəmi /gəmi/, /gəmiə/, /gəgəmi/    
80 to split word info arik- /arikiə/, /ararik/    
80 to split word info pəlag /pəlag/, /pəlagi/, /pəlagiə/, /pəpələg/    
80 to split word info rəbəne 'to tear apart, to shred'; /rəbəne/, /rəbərəbəne/    
88 to squeeze word info pipit- /pipite/, /pipitəne/    
88 to squeeze word info pur- 'to squeeze grated coconut'; /puriə/, /puru/    
71 to stab, pierce goa 'to pierce; to copulate with'    
71 to stab, pierce tor- 'to stab, to stick, to pierce'; /tori/, /totor/; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
52 to stand tur /tur/, /turu/ 2  
73 to steal loŋ /loŋ/, /loŋi/, /loŋiə/; /niloŋ/ 'theft'    
42 to suck u same form as 'breast'; /wəu/ 'to make suck, to nurse (transitive)' 25  
87 to swell word info uruŋ /uruŋ/, /ururuŋ/ 56  
9 to swim alir 'to swim, to float, to flow'    
21 to think nuk- /nukiə/, /nunuk/; /ninunuk/ 'thought'    
94 to throw word info bəl- /bəle/, /bəbələi/    
94 to throw word info pəkəte 'to throw, to flick, to flip'    
66 to tie up, fasten wi      
8 to turn word info lili 'to spin'    
8 to turn word info puku- 'to overturn, to flip over'; /pukue/, /pupukuəi/    
8 to turn word info təbe 'to turn, to steer (transitive)'    
8 to turn word info wəliliai 'to turn around (intransitive)'    
35 to vomit mərumaruəi      
5 to walk wən 'to go, to walk'; /wən/, /wənə/, /wənəwən/    
83 to work word info pəlum- 'to work, to work in a garden'; /pəlumiə/, /pəlumu/; /pəpəlum/ 'garden'    
47 to yawn mowiəu      
32 tongue kərəmiə /kərəmeam/ 'your tongue', /kərəmean/ 'his/her tongue'    
31 tooth pəlaŋiə /pələŋien/ 'his/her tooth'    
207 Twenty word info ə ura winun      
198 Two word info ə uruə absolute numeral    
198 Two word info ə urə adnominal numeral    
198 Two word info urəde in esoteric counting    
138 warm word info murərəŋ 'warm, hot (weather)'    
138 warm word info mələpəŋ 'warm, hot (feeling, as from fever)'    
122 water word info təu      
185 we word info mam 'us' (1PL.EXCL independent/object)    
185 we word info mi 'we' (1PL.EXCL subject)    
185 we word info təd 'us' (1PL.INCL independent/object)    
185 we word info tunu 'we' (1PL.INCL subject)    
185 we word info məmir 'us two' (1DU.EXCL independent/object)    
185 we word info miri 'we two' (1DU.EXCL subject)    
185 we word info dətər 'us two' (1DU.INCL independent/object)    
185 we word info duru 'we two' (DU.INCL subject)    
185 we word info məmital 'us three' (1TR.EXCL independent/object)    
185 we word info mitili 'we three' (1TR.EXCL subject)    
185 we word info tətal 'us three' (1TR.INCL independent/object)    
185 we word info tulu 'we three' (1TR.INCL subject)    
141 wet buibui   109  
188 what? word info au      
170 when? word info wiŋaiə      
181 where? word info wa   3, 48  
181 where? word info əwa      
148 white pua   29  
189 who? word info i      
159 wide ləben      
58 wife tolai 'spouse'; /bərətolai/ 'spouses (plural)'    
58 wife wəriden 'women, wives (plural)'    
58 wife wawin 'woman, wife'    
136 wind wuwu 'wind, breath' 33  
100 wing bəbe /bəbean/ 'its wing' 34  
55 woman/female wəriden 'women, wives (plural)'    
55 woman/female wawin 'woman, wife'    
127 woods/forest ləkor      
107 worm (earthworm) kalol      
169 year kiləl      
150 yellow wai /wai/, /wain/; possible loan from Ramoaaina   L?
186 you mui 'you' (2PL independent/object) 1, 13  
186 you mu 'you' (2PL subject) 1, 13  
186 you məmur 'you two' (2DU independent/object)    
186 you muru 'you two' (2DU subject)    
186 you məmutal 'you three' (2TR independent/object)    
186 you mutulu 'you' (2TR subject)    

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