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Language: Kavalan F69

Source/Author:  Ferrell (1969) 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:ckv  Glottocode: kava1241 
Notes:  Ferrell, R.(1969). Taiwan Aboriginal Groups: Problems in cultural and linguistic classification. Monograph 17: Institute of Ethnology, Academica Sinica 
Problems:  Some slightly different cognacy - see annotations column. 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Simon Greenhill  Checked By: Simon Greenhill 
Statistics: 
  • Total Data: 457
  • Number of Retentions:
  • Number of Loans: 1
 
Classification:  Austronesian:East Formosan:Northern:Kavalan 
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Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
38 to chew word info      
47 to yawn      
50 to dream      
57 husband      
58 wife      
62 thatch/roof      
68 needle      
73 to steal      
84 to plant      
85 to choose      
86 to grow word info      
87 to swell word info      
91 to buy      
92 to open, uncover      
93 to pound, beat word info      
113 branch word info      
161 shy, ashamed      
169 year      
171 to hide word info      
172 to climb word info      
173 at      
193 if      
195 no, not      
208 Fifty word info      
210 One Thousand word info      
185 we word info -imiʔ   x  
186 you -imoʔ   x  
183 thou -isóʔ   1  
185 we word info -itaʔ   x  
175 above [ta-]ba:báu   2  
182 I aiku   1  
183 thou aisu   1  
7 to come akwa      
143 fire amaz/lamar   14  
204 Eight word info aru   3  
151 green b'nuran Blue    
111 fish ba'ə́t   31  
162 old word info ba:qqayán Old Person 34  
136 wind ba:riʔ   2  
111 fish ba:ót   31  
162 old word info baibələ́n Old Person 110  
31 tooth bangarao   34  
136 wind bari   2  
79 stick/wood barin Tree / wood    
158 narrow basil   56  
130 star bat'lan   58  
70 to shoot word info battúʔ   24  
120 stone batúʔ   1  
162 old word info baybɬán Old Person 110  
31 tooth baŋɣáu   34  
76 to live, be alive bi:nús   66  
196 to count biláŋ   1  
103 meat/flesh bisor      
129 moon bu:lán   1  
129 moon bu:rán   1  
121 sand buqán   73  
26 hair word info buqə́s   1  
129 moon buran   1  
148 white bussar   88  
148 white bussáɣ Kav. forms orig. marked as set 24, along with SHWNG langs. Correspondences aren't implausible (with caveat for unreliability of SHWNG v vs b transcriptions), but seems unlikely. -EG 88  
130 star bəltaɬán   58  
126 lake bəttóq      
120 stone bəttóʔ   1  
14 belly bəɬɬə́s   64  
44 to hear darav      
168 day darreiti   44  
168 day darri   44  
117 fruit disana pəru:rúʔ      
13 back word info doror      
37 to eat han   1  
191 all hanizka      
145 smoke word info hirŭv   67  
197 One word info isa   1  
197 One word info issa   1  
177 this izistaoan      
37 to eat k'man   1  
154 short word info k'zu   76  
90 to dig ka:lkál   1  
21 to think ka:sianə́m   1  
43 ear ka:yál   34  
43 ear kaiar   34  
145 smoke word info kairŭm      
187 they kammáw      
37 to eat kanpai   1  
107 worm (earthworm) kaurey   2  
7 to come kautúʔ   41  
3 right kawa:nán   1, 62  
43 ear kayal   34  
77 to scratch word info kaɣau   1  
99 feather kba:nəɬ      
158 narrow ki:tút      
152 small ki:tə́t   88  
152 small kia      
8 to turn word info kmu:li:sə́ŋ   72  
90 to dig kmutkút LS 13  
33 to laugh kokoẓán      
107 worm (earthworm) kourey   2  
19 shoulder kreiar   41  
2 left kumawi:líʔ   1, 42  
108 louse word info kutúʔ   1  
83 to work word info kəlawka:wáy      
8 to turn word info kəlisən   72  
21 to think kəsianə́m   1  
128 sky l'zan   67  
131 cloud word info la:nə́m   35  
6 road/path la:rán   1  
124 sea la:ẓiŋ   57  
6 road/path la:ẓán   1  
165 bad, evil lalass      
176 below li:bə́ŋ   69  
99 feather li:nás   60  
32 tongue li:ɬám   3  
135 lightning li:ẓáp   3  
105 tail lie:qóɬ *likul 41  
32 tongue lilam   3  
32 tongue lilám   3  
201 Five word info lima   1  
1 hand limáʔ   1  
201 Five word info limáʔ   1  
105 tail liqə́ẓ *likul 41  
135 lightning lirap   3  
12 skin lu:búŋ   60  
25 neck lu:lə́n   58  
25 neck lu:nóq      
25 neck lulun   58  
198 Two word info lusa   1  
207 Twenty word info lusa-ptin   2  
12 skin luvung   60  
12 skin luvə́ŋ   60  
61 house ləppáw   54  
128 sky ləẓán left-reduced form of Amis. 67  
128 sky ləẓəán   67  
179 near ma-ra-ki   84  
180 far ma-ra-ul   2  
180 far ma-za-ul   2  
89 to hold word info ma:láʔ   4  
81 sharp ma:náŋ   64  
45 eye ma:táʔ   1  
155 long word info mahung   71  
166 correct, true maikə́n   65  
48 to sleep mainə́p from "to lie down" 8, 74  
140 dry word info maisə́ŋ   33  
164 good malaka      
76 to live, be alive manbinús   66  
191 all maniz   61  
155 long word info marung   71  
130 star mat'ran   58  
45 eye mata   1  
10 dirty matar   93  
22 to fear maytís   54  
155 long word info maɣɣóŋ   71  
51 to sit maɬə́ɬ   113  
187 they maẓəmun ya'ó'   17  
48 to sleep meinŭp   8, 74  
44 to hear mi:píẓ   62  
52 to stand mieɣeiʔ   81  
104 fat/grease missíʔ      
102 rat mla:báw   1  
119 earth/soil mla:náy   38  
69 to hunt word info mlo:lók      
40 to drink mna:núm   19  
66 to tie up, fasten mnu:túl      
144 to burn word info mo:ɣás Note: Intransitive not Transitive.    
22 to fear moqtə́t      
102 rat motə́n   31  
10 dirty moɣamu:tiéɣ      
46 to see mqita   1  
119 earth/soil mranai   38  
119 earth/soil mranái   38  
150 yellow mrapala      
209 One Hundred word info mrasivu   26  
33 to laugh mta:wáʔ   1  
160 painful, sick mta:ɣáw   81  
144 to burn word info mtu:tú:n Note: Intransitive not Transitive.    
116 flower mu:láy   49  
35 to vomit mu:tíʔ   1  
102 rat mu:tún   31  
34 to cry mu:ɣíŋ   71  
188 what? word info muniʔ      
116 flower murai   49  
34 to cry muring   71  
74 to kill mutung   79  
94 to throw word info mwa:lín      
194 how? word info mánaʔ      
82 dull, blunt mŋa:ẓə́s   47  
191 all mŋe:ẓ   61  
154 short word info məkəẓə́s   76  
154 short word info məkəẓẓóʔ   76  
180 far məla:úl *ma-zauN/R -EG 2  
112 rotten word info məlatók   84  
9 to swim mənaŋúi   1  
191 all məni'íl   61  
66 to tie up, fasten məqosi:ŋə́t      
179 near məra:ki   84  
165 bad, evil məsu:káu   70  
74 to kill məttúŋ   79  
80 to split word info məŋaɣ      
141 wet məẓi:ẓíʔ   79  
82 dull, blunt mɣa:ẓə́s   47  
112 rotten word info mɬi:óq   83  
179 near mẓa:kiʔ   84  
202 Six word info n'm   1  
63 name na:ŋán   1  
16 intestines nalnáq      
7 to come naori      
94 to throw word info naqai      
127 woods/forest nauna'úŋ      
16 intestines neɣa:sóɣ      
30 mouth ngivir   66  
30 mouth ngoyok      
181 where? word info ni'án   54  
188 what? word info nia:náʔ   42  
30 mouth nigiv   66  
202 Six word info nim   1  
188 what? word info nini-wanai      
101 to fly no:ba:sə́ɣ   66  
101 to fly nuba:sáɣ   66  
164 good nəŋíʔ   94  
164 good nəŋŋáʔ      
100 wing pa:kóẓ   22  
110 spider pa:qáw   54  
158 narrow pa:síɬ   56  
75 to die, be dead pa:tái   1, 35  
79 stick/wood pa:ɣín Tree / wood 22  
79 stick/wood pa:ɣəíŋ Tree / wood 22  
99 feather pakəz      
100 wing pakə́z   22  
150 yellow palao   62  
10 dirty paqsiláp      
196 to count pasabi:ɬáŋ   1  
150 yellow paɬaɬáw   62  
44 to hear pi:léŋ      
203 Seven word info pi:túʔ   1  
203 Seven word info pitu   1  
70 to shoot word info pma:níʔ   1  
17 liver pnaẓəŋi:tán   24  
151 green pu:líʔ Green 60  
150 yellow pulipuliʔ      
88 to squeeze word info pumẓáq Squeeze (in hand); *peleq 1?  
72 to hit word info puqún to hit (with fist) 33  
144 to burn word info puɣa:már Note: Intransitive not Transitive.    
14 belly pələ́s   64  
36 to spit qa:t Sputum / Spittle not verb 76  
167 night qa:ɣa:biʔ cf *Rabi 21  
77 to scratch word info qa:ɣáw   1  
51 to sit qalə́r      
7 to come qawtóʔ   41  
145 smoke word info qe:ɣə́b   67  
145 smoke word info qi:ɣáb   67  
41 to bite qma:ɣát   1  
37 to eat qmá:n   1  
108 louse word info qo:tóʔ   1  
170 when? word info qomní: *qumana 17?  
170 when? word info qonían   2?  
88 to squeeze word info qumənə́ɣ Squeeze (in hand)    
65 rope qəli:ẓə́n      
78 to cut, hack word info qəma:nív   64  
181 where? word info qəni:   55  
153 big raia   1  
143 fire ramah   14  
128 sky ran   67  
122 water word info ranúm   1  
131 cloud word info ranə́m   35 2?
4 leg/foot rapan   55  
61 house rapao   54  
190 other raratayáu      
6 road/path rathan   1  
115 root ravass   11  
167 night raviti cf *Rabi, but what is -ti ? 21  
23 blood renan   38  
1 hand rima   1, 64  
23 blood rinang   38  
54 man/male riunanai   1  
135 lightning riẓa'áp   3  
124 sea rthin   57  
1 hand rukap   3  
25 neck rurə́n   58  
198 Two word info rusa   1  
198 Two word info rusáʔ   1  
12 skin ruvung   60  
124 sea rzin   57  
131 cloud word info rānum   35  
61 house rəpáu   54  
138 warm word info s'mzang   84  
83 to work word info sahalun   71  
83 to work word info saharun   71  
69 to hunt word info saláup Expected medial [n] for [l]. L? -EG 48  
39 to cook word info samál   89  
83 to work word info saqulíʔ   72  
139 cold word info sass'n   87  
139 cold word info sassə́n   87  
79 stick/wood si-p'ri Tree / wood    
64 to say si:kawmáʔ   124  
18 breast si:súʔ   1  
49 to lie down word info sibu:bu:lín      
64 to say sikaoma   124  
116 flower sima'óʔ      
104 fat/grease simá   2  
64 to say siqaumáʔ   124  
106 snake siqqái   58  
205 Nine word info siwa   5  
205 Nine word info siwáʔ   5  
40 to drink siɣóp SiRup 18  
5 to walk sma:qáy   3  
123 to flow sma:qáy      
29 to sniff, smell smanuk   1  
42 to suck smi:sə́p   1  
29 to sniff, smell smi:ŋút *Siŋut 26  
29 to sniff, smell smingut *Siŋut 26  
42 to suck smupsúp   1  
28 to breathe sməŋŋáẓ *Seŋa[dz] 61  
194 how? word info snaku:ní:   45  
200 Four word info spát   1  
206 Ten word info stəɣái   15  
118 grass su'ái   66  
56 child su:nís   58  
20 to know, be knowledgeable su:ppóɣ SupeR 32  
20 to know, be knowledgeable su:pəɣán SupeR-an 32  
80 to split word info subbít      
200 Four word info supat   1  
13 back word info sáwaq      
5 to walk səma:kái   3  
137 to blow word info səmiúp   1  
123 to flow səmúr      
28 to breathe səməŋáh   61  
138 warm word info səmɣáŋ   84  
42 to suck səpsə́p   1  
139 cold word info səssə́n   87  
192 and səɣəí:   52  
49 to lie down word info səẓitáŋ   80  
149 red t'barei   79  
174 in, inside ta      
159 wide ta:báy   54  
60 father ta:máʔ   1  
163 new ta:súʔ   40  
159 wide tabbái   54  
206 Ten word info tahai   15  
176 below talbə́ŋ   69  
60 father tamma   1  
55 woman/female tarungan   97  
11 dust tavéq   47  
168 day taɣa:itíʔ   44  
168 day taɣeiʔ   44  
160 painful, sick taɣáu   81  
55 woman/female taẓuŋánm      
145 smoke word info teirŭm      
52 to stand teɣéʔ   81  
98 egg ti:ɣóh   1  
98 egg ti:ɣóɣ   1  
189 who? word info tia:náʔ   24  
14 belly tian   1  
36 to spit tiapə́s Sputum / Spittle not verb 33  
11 dust tiaɣmóq   26  
15 bone tiaɣán   43  
15 bone tiran   43  
108 louse word info tiran      
15 bone tiɣán   43  
46 to see tmaytáʔ   74  
95 to fall word info tmi:bóq   3  
71 to stab, pierce tmuqéq      
16 intestines tná:ɬ   1  
13 back word info to:ɣól   36  
71 to stab, pierce toqaiqaqái      
19 shoulder tqa:yáɣ   41  
206 Ten word info trai   15  
19 shoulder triar   41  
14 belly tteyan   1  
108 louse word info tu:mə́s   3  
167 night tuban tituhabiʔ cf *Rabi; [h] is perhaps unexpected. -EG 21  
199 Three word info tulu   1  
199 Three word info tulúʔ   1  
199 Three word info tusu   1  
59 mother tí:naʔ   1  
147 black tŭngŭn   2  
149 red təba:ɣé'   79  
77 to scratch word info təbəs      
132 fog təlumtiʔ      
67 to sew word info təma'ís [Ct]aqiS 1, 52  
67 to sew word info təmaksám      
137 to blow word info təmaváʔ      
95 to fall word info təmibúk   3  
147 black təŋə́ŋ   2  
19 shoulder tɣi'áɣ   41  
54 man/male unanái   1  
27 nose unom   1  
202 Six word info unum   1  
27 nose unung   1  
133 rain uran   1  
24 head uru   1  
24 head uvu   1  
133 rain uzan   1  
24 head uɣúʔ   1  
204 Eight word info va:rúʔ   3  
110 spider va:tə́ŋ   29?  
31 tooth vangrao   34  
99 feather vanús   59  
136 wind vari   2  
120 stone vato   1  
120 stone vatu   1  
29 to sniff, smell vaŋsís      
111 fish vaūt   31  
114 leaf viri   2  
114 leaf viɣé:ʔ   2  
26 hair word info vokko   1  
121 sand vuhan   73  
26 hair word info vukŭss   1  
129 moon vulan   1  
148 white vussar   88  
126 lake vutvut      
178 that wanistaoan      
204 Eight word info waru   3  
96 dog wasu   1  
130 star waturun   58  
178 that wiyu      
96 dog wásuʔ   1  
178 that ya'úʔ      
146 ash yibúʔ   1  
128 sky z'lan   67  
125 salt z'mian   28  
124 sea z'rin   57  
6 road/path zaran   1  
134 thunder zŭng-zŭng irreg. loss of -R- 3, 98  
30 mouth ŋi:víɣ   66  
157 thick word info ətúẓ   53  
115 root ɣa:bás   11  
65 rope ɣa:is   70  
39 to cook word info ɣa:mál   89  
143 fire ɣa:mál   14  
4 leg/foot ɣa:pán   55  
153 big ɣa:yáʔ   1  
23 blood ɣaináŋ   38  
143 fire ɣamáẓ   14  
206 Ten word info ɣaptin   6  
209 One Hundred word info ɣasi:búʔ   26  
23 blood ɣe:náŋ   38  
109 mosquito ɣeis *ʀeqiS - EG 71  
109 mosquito ɣi'ís *ʀeqiS - EG 71  
54 man/male ɣonanáy   1  
157 thick word info ɣottóẓ   53  
1 hand ɣukáp   3  
53 person/human being ɬa:ẓát   9  
128 sky ɬəɬan   67  
182 I ʔaikúʔ   1  
183 thou ʔaisúʔ   1  
184 he/she ʔaizip   20  
89 to hold word info ʔalai   4  
174 in, inside ʔaso:náʔ      
185 we word info ʔaymíʔ   2  
186 you ʔaymóʔ   1  
183 thou ʔaysóʔ   1  
185 we word info ʔaytáʔ   1  
97 bird ʔaɬám   2  
146 ash ʔi:búʔ   1  
156 thin word info ʔimpis   1, 47?  
156 thin word info ʔinpís ...-N-[ ]-pis 1, 47  
197 One word info ʔissái   1, 61  
202 Six word info ʔnə́m   1  
24 head ʔo:ɣóʔ   1  
103 meat/flesh ʔs:iʔ   1  
202 Six word info ʔu:nnə́m   1  
27 nose ʔu:núŋ   1  
133 rain ʔu:ẓán   1  
201 Five word info ʔulimáʔ   1  
27 nose ʔunu'úŋ   1  
203 Seven word info ʔupitóʔ   1  
207 Twenty word info ʔuru savtín   2  
205 Nine word info ʔusiwáʔ   5  
200 Four word info ʔuspát   1  
199 Three word info ʔutu:lóʔ   1  
204 Eight word info ʔuwalóʔ   3  
207 Twenty word info ʔuẓusaptín   2  
198 Two word info ʔuẓusáʔ   1  
133 rain ʔuẓál   1  
177 this ʔánəm      
103 meat/flesh ʔəsiʔ   1  
122 water word info ẓa:núm   1  
53 person/human being ẓa:rát   9  
177 this ẓaóʔ   32  
124 sea ẓi'ín   57  
142 heavy ẓinnə́q   55  
125 salt ẓəmián   28  
134 thunder ẓəŋẓə́ŋ irreg. loss of -R- 3, 98  

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