Language: Tomoip
Source/Author: | Barlow 2024; Barlow & Killian 2023a, b; Grace 1955; Parkinson 1907; Ross 1977-1982 |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:tqp Glottocode: tomo1244 |
Notes: | Barlow, Russell. 2024. Tomoip morphological sketch. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 42: 41–93. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-6677-A. Barlow, Russell, and Don Killian. 2023a. Tomoip wordlist: Based on elicitation sessions with Simon Mangil from Milim village, recorded in Kokopo, East New Britain, October to November 2022 (v1.0.2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8437515. Barlow, Russell, and Don Killian. 2023b. Tomoip phonetics and phonology. Te Reo 66(1): 60–96. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000D-F9B0-3. Grace, George W. 1955. Columbia University notebook, pt. 3. In The George Grace linguistic research and slides of Melanesia collection, 1955–1956: Online documents. Unpublished MS. https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/grace/docs. Parkinson, Richard. 1907. Dreißig Jahre in der Südsee: Land und Leute, Sitten und Gebräuche im Bismarckarchipel und auf den deutschen Salomoinseln. Stuttgart: Strecker & Schröder. Ross, Malcolm. 1977–1982. Konomala Mamusi Uvol Tomoip. XWAV/MPEG/PDF/TIFF/JPEG. MR1-012 at catalog.paradisec.org.au. https://doi.org/10.4225/72/56FFE00776765. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Russell Barlow Checked By: Russell Barlow |
Statistics: |
|
Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Western Oceanic:Meso Melanesian:New Ireland |
Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
- Ethnologue Information for tqp
- OLAC Information for tqp
- Russell Barlow's CLDF Dataset of Tomoip
- [Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing all of 45 entries
- Changed #3244537 from "totoŋ", "from Grace: <toto?> 'dirty'; = 'black'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244704 from "ediu", "from Grace: <?diu>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244723 from "pe-", "loan from Lote [p?r-] 'arm, branch' or Kol [p?r] 'hand'?", "", "L?" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244725 from "ra-he", "from Grace: <rah?>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244729 from "bul-he", "'root; cassava'; < *bu?-he ?", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244763 from "notu", "from Grace: <n?tu>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244769 from "nigene", "from Grace: <nig?n?> ; loan from Kol?", "", "L" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244786 from "me-muo", "from Ross; Grace <memuo?>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244813 from "me-golgol", "from Grace: <m?g?lg?l>; reduplication; loan from Sulka?", "", "L?" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244820 from "maeli", "'pain'; from Grace: <mae?li> 'pain'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244822 from "tomuŋ", "cf. /mu?/ 'far'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244908 from "ko liem", "from Grace: <ko lie?m> ~ <kolie?m>; /ko/ = 'fist'?; /liem/ a loan?", "", "L?" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244915 from "horu-ken", "from Grace: <h?ruk?n>; 'two again'?", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244917 from "horu-m-detu-ken", "from Grace: <h?rumdetuk?n>; 'two-and-another again'?", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244926 from "liem", "from Parkinson: <l?em> ; 'five'; loan?", "", "L?" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244931 from "liem", "from Grace: <lie?m> ; ad hoc formulation?; 'five'; loan?", "", "L?" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 01:08:16)
- Changed #3244598 from "ŋom to-", "/?om ta-/ for 3SG", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:59:35)
- Changed #3244610 from "horek", "plural of /nobu?/ 'man'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:59:35)
- Changed #3244635 from "kupel", "from Grace: <kup?l> 'roof'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:59:35)
- Changed #3244659 from "βaneban", "causative prefix /?a-/ ?; with /ne=ban/ 'the light', i.e., 'to cause the light'?", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:59:35)
- Changed #3244674 from "raŋ", "cf. /ra?si/ 'to twist' in Grace", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:59:35)
- Changed #3244681 from "lop", "from Grace: <l?p>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:59:35)
- Changed #3244687 from "ʝumani", "from Grace: <i?umani>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:59:35)
- Changed #3244535 from "kelkel", "'to float'; from Grace: <k?lk?l> 'float'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244548 from "buti", "< *bu?-ti; /bu?-/ = class term for round things", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244553 from "em", "from Grace: <?m> 'shoulder'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244555 from "ri-ŋoma-", "< ?oma- 'eye'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244556 from "ri-ŋom to-", "< ?om to- 'eye'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244558 from "ro-ŋom to-", "from Grace: <taro?omt?>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244574 from "loŋe", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244588 from "βulβul", "'to boil'; reduplication; from Grace: <bulbuli?e> ~ <vulvuli?e>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244590 from "to-ŋ-hum", "'to bake in an earth oven'; /to/ 'to do, to make' + /?-hum/ 'earth oven'", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- Changed #3244596 from "loŋ", "from Grace: <talo?> ; Ross: <i melong>", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-19 00:56:45)
- - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- Changed "notes" from "Barlow, Russell. 2024. Tomoip morphological sketch. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 42: 41–93. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-6677-A. Barlow, Russell, and Don Killian. 2023a. Tomoip wordlist: Based on elicitation sessions with Simon Mangil from Milim village, recorded in Kokopo, East New Britain, October to November 2022 (v1.0.2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8437515. Barlow, Russell, and Don Killian. 2023b. Tomoip phonetics and phonology. Te Reo 66(1): 60–96. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000D-F9B0-3. Grace, George W. 1955. Columbia University notebook, pt. 3. In The George Grace linguistic research and slides of Melanesia collection, 1955–1956: Online documents. Unpublished MS. https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/grace/docs. Parkinson, Richard. 1907. Dreißig Jahre in der Südsee: Land und Leute, Sitten und Gebräuche im Bismarckarchipel und auf den deutschen Salomoinseln. Stuttgart: Strecker & Schröder. Ross, Malcolm. 1977–1982. Konomala Mamusi Uvol Tomoip. XWAV/MPEG/PDF/TIFF/JPEG. MR1-012 at catalog.paradisec.org.au. https://doi.org/10.4225/72/56FFE00776765." - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- Changed "source" from "" - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- Changed "classification" from "Classification, Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland" - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-17 00:44:24)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | hand | lalma | < *la-lma; /la-/ = class term for baskets, open things | ||
1 | hand | gua | from Ross: <guan> | ||
2 | left | miromi | |||
3 | right | mirote | |||
4 | leg/foot | kia | |||
5 | to walk | ra-del | 'to walk'; < /del/ 'grass' | ||
5 | to walk | pu | 'to go' | ||
5 | to walk | n | 'to go, to come' | ||
6 | road/path | n-sal | |||
7 | to come | n | 'to go, to come' | ||
7 | to come | pi | |||
8 | to turn | muŋ | same form as 'far' | ||
9 | to swim | haha | of people | ||
9 | to swim | tum | of fish | ||
9 | to swim | manmana | 'to float'; reduplication | ||
9 | to swim | kelkel | 'to float'; from Grace: <kɛlkɛl> 'float' | ||
10 | dirty | nek | 'trash, garbage; dirty' | ||
10 | dirty | totoŋ | from Grace: <totoŋ> 'dirty'; = 'black' | ||
11 | dust | simui | 'dust, fog' | ||
12 | skin | pel to- | |||
12 | skin | pla e- | |||
13 | back | kap lo- | |||
14 | belly | buhe lo- | |||
15 | bone | kinto | |||
16 | intestines | kebi e- | |||
16 | intestines | kaedi | 'liver'? ~ 'guts'? | ||
17 | liver | kaedi | 'liver'? ~ 'guts'? | ||
17 | liver | ber | 'lung'? = 'white'? | ||
18 | breast | buti | < *buŋ-ti; /buŋ-/ = class term for round things | ||
18 | breast | ti | from Grace; Ross | ||
19 | shoulder | βolha | |||
19 | shoulder | βoloha | |||
19 | shoulder | βaŋha | |||
19 | shoulder | em | from Grace: <ɛm> 'shoulder' | ||
19 | shoulder | be lo- | 'armpit' | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ri-ŋoma- | < ŋoma- 'eye' | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ri-ŋom to- | < ŋom to- 'eye' | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ru-ŋom ta- | from Ross: <i rungomtan> | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ro-ŋom to- | from Grace: <taroŋomtɔ> | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | mana | 'knowledge, wisdom; custom, tradition; heart (metaphorical) (?)'; loan from Kol? | L? | |
21 | to think | βa-non | with causative prefix? | ||
21 | to think | mana | from Grace | ||
22 | to fear | kuam | |||
23 | blood | motom | |||
24 | head | bla lo- | |||
25 | neck | delkua | < /del[i/a]/ 'mouth, face'? | ||
25 | neck | pore | 'throat' | ||
25 | neck | kero | 'nape' | ||
25 | neck | to lo- | 'collarbone' | ||
26 | hair | ʝu | |||
27 | nose | blodu- | |||
28 | to breathe | ŋala | |||
28 | to breathe | ŋoro | 'to snore' | ||
29 | to sniff, smell | koru | |||
29 | to sniff, smell | loŋe | from Ross; Grace: <loŋe·> ~ <lɔŋɛ·> | ||
30 | mouth | deli e- | 'mouth, lower face' | ||
30 | mouth | dela | 'mouth, lower face' | ||
31 | tooth | nio | |||
32 | tongue | tom lo- | |||
33 | to laugh | ŋiŋ | |||
34 | to cry | rpek | |||
35 | to vomit | boro | |||
36 | to spit | lodi | |||
37 | to eat | in | |||
38 | to chew | mam | |||
38 | to chew | ŋaŋ | |||
39 | to cook | mom | 'to burn'; 'to roast, to cook' | ||
39 | to cook | βitir | 'to boil'; same form as 'to squeeze' | ||
39 | to cook | βulβul | 'to boil'; reduplication; from Grace: <bulbuli̯e> ~ <vulvuli̯e> | ||
39 | to cook | kare | 'to fry' | ||
39 | to cook | to-ŋ-hum | 'to bake in an earth oven'; /to/ 'to do, to make' + /ŋ-hum/ 'earth oven' | ||
40 | to drink | unun | reduplication | ||
41 | to bite | ha | |||
42 | to suck | titi | reduplication of *ti 'breast' | ||
43 | ear | palieŋ | |||
44 | to hear | βa-loŋ | with causative prefix? | ||
44 | to hear | loŋ | from Grace: <taloŋ> ; Ross: <i melong> | ||
45 | eye | ŋoma | |||
45 | eye | ŋom to- | /ŋom ta-/ for 3SG | ||
46 | to see | so | |||
47 | to yawn | mama | |||
47 | to yawn | ŋa | |||
48 | to sleep | ler | |||
49 | to lie down | le~ler | < /ler/ 'to sleep', reduplication | ||
50 | to dream | ʝamleŋ | |||
51 | to sit | dun | |||
52 | to stand | deltu | |||
53 | person/human being | me-kileŋ | same form as 'correct, true' (with prefix /me-/)? | ||
53 | person/human being | muor | found in /de-muor/ 'one', for counting people | ||
54 | man/male | nobuŋ | 'young man, older boy' | ||
54 | man/male | horek | plural of /nobuŋ/ 'man' | ||
54 | man/male | lami | 'older man, husband' | ||
55 | woman/female | nolo | 'young woman, older girl' | ||
55 | woman/female | holo | plural of /nolo/ 'woman' | ||
55 | woman/female | pulo | 'older woman, wife' | ||
55 | woman/female | me-teβin | 'female'; from Grace: <metevin> | ||
56 | child | dukum | |||
56 | child | n-alum | |||
56 | child | korate | |||
56 | child | kotik | |||
56 | child | herek | plural of /kotik/ 'child' | ||
56 | child | n-alpu-n | |||
57 | husband | lami | |||
58 | wife | pulo | |||
59 | mother | tena- | |||
59 | mother | no | |||
59 | mother | anno | |||
60 | father | mimma | |||
60 | father | memma | from Ross: <memman> | ||
60 | father | ma | |||
60 | father | amma | |||
61 | house | bale | |||
61 | house | dono | |||
62 | thatch/roof | para | pandanus sp. used for thatch roofs | ||
62 | thatch/roof | bla lo bale | 'head of house' | ||
62 | thatch/roof | kupel | from Grace: <kupɛl> ‘roof’ | ||
62 | thatch/roof | rurdi | from Ross: 'thatch (for roof)' | ||
63 | name | sae- | or /sa e-/ ? | ||
64 | to say | muŋ | 'to turn, to say' | ||
64 | to say | utor | 'to speak' | ||
65 | rope | hoa | 'vine, rope' | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | rar | |||
67 | to sew | soŋ | |||
68 | needle | diŋ | 'thorn, needle' | ||
68 | needle | ŋaerap | 'vine with thorns used to make needles' | ||
69 | to hunt | pa | 'to hunt, to catch' | ||
69 | to hunt | kolo-n | 'to hunt, to seek' | ||
70 | to shoot | kon | |||
71 | to stab, pierce | kon | 'to shoot, to stab' | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | tul | 'to hit with a stick' | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | turua | 'to stab'; from Grace | ||
72 | to hit | lap | 'to hit, to beat' | ||
72 | to hit | tul | 'to hit with a stick' | ||
73 | to steal | luaŋ | |||
73 | to steal | kairarik | |||
74 | to kill | him | |||
74 | to kill | mamade | from Grace | ||
75 | to die, be dead | mer | 'to die' | ||
75 | to die, be dead | made | 'to be dead' | ||
76 | to live, be alive | βaneban | causative prefix /βa-/ ?; with /ne=ban/ ‘the light’, i.e., ‘to cause the light’? | ||
76 | to live, be alive | goa | 'to stay' | ||
77 | to scratch | kariŋ | same form as 'woods, forest' | ||
78 | to cut, hack | kombua-n | |||
79 | stick/wood | he | 'stick' | ||
79 | stick/wood | ka- | class term for long things, trees, plants | ||
79 | stick/wood | uβe | 'tree, stick'; < POc *upe 'seedling'; Oceanic loan? | L? | |
80 | to split | siŋ | |||
81 | sharp | me-in | |||
82 | dull, blunt | indum | /in-dum/ ? | ||
83 | to work | ro | |||
84 | to plant | βa | |||
85 | to choose | kae | |||
86 | to grow | mar | |||
87 | to swell | laŋ | |||
88 | to squeeze | raŋ | cf. /raŋsi/ ‘to twist’ in Grace | ||
88 | to squeeze | hamer | cf. /ham/ 'to braid' in Grace | ||
88 | to squeeze | lumbumbum | from Grace | ||
88 | to squeeze | βitir | same form as 'to boil' | ||
89 | to hold | luŋ | |||
89 | to hold | luŋ-mo | |||
90 | to dig | lil | |||
90 | to dig | lop | from Grace: <lɔp> | ||
91 | to buy | tomae | |||
92 | to open, uncover | konene | |||
92 | to open, uncover | βa-βtal | from Grace: <vavtal> ; with causative prefix? | ||
93 | to pound, beat | tutoro-n | |||
94 | to throw | robel | 'to pelt' | ||
94 | to throw | ʝumani | from Grace: <i̯umani> | ||
95 | to fall | tur | |||
95 | to fall | lko | |||
95 | to fall | bu | of rain | ||
96 | dog | ne-pap | |||
97 | bird | m-men | |||
98 | egg | hotel | |||
99 | feather | ʝu lo m-men | 'hair of the bird' | ||
99 | feather | la-men | |||
99 | feather | ho-men | from Ross: <homen> | ||
100 | wing | kube lo- | |||
101 | to fly | rbe | |||
102 | rat | m-me | 'rat, bandicoot' | ||
102 | rat | ʝaŋa | 'bandicoot' | ||
103 | meat/flesh | burho | |||
103 | meat/flesh | rakabuk | 'meat, animal' | ||
104 | fat/grease | punon | |||
104 | fat/grease | ediu | from Grace: <ɛdiu> | ||
104 | fat/grease | hediu | from Ross | ||
105 | tail | piuk | |||
105 | tail | pelpel | 'fishtail'; reduplication | ||
106 | snake | gelem | |||
106 | snake | mosum | snake species, 'python' | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | bieŋ | |||
107 | worm (earthworm) | morbieŋ | |||
107 | worm (earthworm) | murkun | from Ross | ||
108 | louse | ŋ-kur | on humans | ||
108 | louse | mnor | on dogs; 'flea'? | ||
108 | louse | n-le | nit, louse egg | ||
109 | mosquito | ramua | |||
109 | mosquito | makinkini | from Grace | ||
110 | spider | koluak | < POc *lawaq; Oceanic loan? | L? | |
111 | fish | m-pe | |||
112 | rotten | me-muriu | 'soft, rotten' | ||
112 | rotten | me-u | 'smelly' | ||
113 | branch | pe-he- | |||
113 | branch | pe- | loan from Lote [pɛr-] 'arm, branch' or Kol [pɛr] 'hand'? | L? | |
113 | branch | he | 'stick' | ||
113 | branch | ra-he | from Grace: <rahɛ> | ||
114 | leaf | ro | |||
114 | leaf | ra-ro | |||
114 | leaf | ra- | class term for leaves | ||
115 | root | bul-he | 'root; cassava'; < *buŋ-he ? | ||
115 | root | buol | 'root; cassava' | ||
115 | root | krie | 'buttress root' | ||
115 | root | pto | 'buttress root' | ||
116 | flower | dum-he | decorative flowers, croton, purpur | ||
116 | flower | rum | from Grace | ||
116 | flower | tete | from Ross; reduplication | ||
116 | flower | rihi | 'palm flower' | ||
117 | fruit | kure | 'seed, fruit' | ||
117 | fruit | mita | 'fruit, innards'; loan from Sulka? | L? | |
117 | fruit | buŋ- | class term for fruits, round things, bunches | ||
118 | grass | del | |||
118 | grass | mali | 'sword grass, kunai' | ||
118 | grass | ŋapa | 'cane grass, pitpit' | ||
119 | earth/soil | n-dan | |||
119 | earth/soil | e-tan | plural; 'plots of land'? | ||
120 | stone | m-per | |||
121 | sand | ŋ-kin | |||
121 | sand | n-kin | |||
122 | water | n-uʝe | |||
123 | to flow | lakap | 'to run, to flow' | ||
124 | sea | nde | 'sea, salt'; < /n-te/ | ||
125 | salt | nde | 'sea, salt'; < /n-te/ | ||
125 | salt | ke | salt made from ashes | ||
125 | salt | toŋ-ke | salt made from ashes; literally 'black salt'? | ||
126 | lake | liep | |||
127 | woods/forest | ledel | < /del/ 'grass'? | ||
127 | woods/forest | burdel | |||
127 | woods/forest | kariŋ | same form as 'to scratch' | ||
128 | sky | hiam | or /heam/ | ||
128 | sky | heam | or /hiam/ | ||
129 | moon | kaŋ | loan from Sulka? | L? | |
129 | moon | m-pu | archaic; found in /motom mpu/ 'menses' | ||
130 | star | mamar | 'firefly; star' | ||
130 | star | notu | from Grace: <nɔtu> | ||
130 | star | ŋotu | from Ross: <ngotu> | ||
131 | cloud | βarhek | |||
131 | cloud | gomil | |||
131 | cloud | iga | |||
132 | fog | simui | 'dust, fog' | ||
132 | fog | nigene | from Grace: <nigɛnɛ> ; loan from Kol? | L | |
133 | rain | ner | singular | ||
133 | rain | her | plural | ||
134 | thunder | kuluŋ | |||
134 | thunder | hiablab | from Grace; = 'sky hits'? | ||
134 | thunder | ner lap | from Ross; = 'rain hits'? | ||
135 | lightning | msiŋ | |||
135 | lightning | barap | from Grace | ||
135 | lightning | ner ti-m-siŋ | from Ross: <ner timsing>; 'rain cuts'? | ||
136 | wind | iluk | 'wind; heart' | ||
137 | to blow | pip | |||
137 | to blow | pidi | from Grace: <pidi'> | ||
138 | warm | tenten | reduplication | ||
138 | warm | norban | 'fever' | ||
139 | cold | guluaŋ | |||
139 | cold | gon | 'cold place, ice' | ||
140 | dry | te-kie | |||
140 | dry | me-muo | from Ross; Grace <memuo̯> | ||
140 | dry | me-ma | [mma] | ||
141 | wet | mulmultin | reduplication | ||
141 | wet | me-muk | from Ross: <memuk> | ||
142 | heavy | mamsie | suffix /-sie/ ? | ||
143 | fire | n-ʝu | |||
144 | to burn | mom | transitive; 'to burn, to cook' | ||
144 | to burn | in | intransitive; 'to eat; to burn' | ||
145 | smoke | burmil | |||
146 | ash | ŋ-ho | |||
147 | black | to-toŋ | reduplication? | ||
147 | black | toŋ | |||
147 | black | kere | from Grace; 'black; all'; loan from Kol? | L? | |
148 | white | me-bir | |||
149 | red | me-mia | [memia ~ mmia] | ||
150 | yellow | laliaŋ | |||
151 | green | me-βalop | |||
151 | green | mole | |||
152 | small | kakae | |||
152 | small | rek | |||
153 | big | me-pur | |||
154 | short | komkom | reduplication | ||
155 | long | me-geŋ | same form as 'far' | ||
156 | thin | rara | reduplication of *ra 'leaf'? | ||
157 | thick | me-tum | |||
158 | narrow | kout | |||
158 | narrow | kurper | diminutive prefix /kur-/ ? | ||
158 | narrow | me-golgol | from Grace: <mɛgɔlgɔl>; reduplication; loan from Sulka? | L? | |
159 | wide | suku | |||
159 | wide | βaha | |||
159 | wide | poli | from Grace | ||
160 | painful, sick | kaka | 'sick'; reduplication? | ||
160 | painful, sick | kinkin | 'ache'?; reduplication? | ||
160 | painful, sick | loban | 'pain'; 'moan'? | ||
160 | painful, sick | maeli | ‘pain’; from Grace: <mae̯li> ‘pain’ | ||
161 | shy, ashamed | kile | 'to be ashamed' | ||
162 | old | tomuŋ | cf. /muŋ/ ‘far’ | ||
162 | old | tonoru | |||
162 | old | βar | old person | ||
163 | new | koloŋa | |||
163 | new | me-marmar | from Grace: <memarmar> ; = 'sweet'?; reduplication | ||
164 | good | me-pka | |||
164 | good | te-pka | |||
165 | bad, evil | me-blik | |||
166 | correct, true | kiliŋ | |||
167 | night | m-beŋ | |||
168 | day | ŋ-ha | 'sun, day' | ||
169 | year | hona | |||
170 | when? | tem la n-ua | /tem/ < Tok Pisin 'time' | L | |
170 | when? | m-la n-ua | abbreviated form of /tem la n-ua/ ? | L | |
170 | when? | lo ŋ-ha n-ua | 'at the-day the-where?'? | ||
171 | to hide | ra | intransitive | ||
171 | to hide | βin | transitive | ||
172 | to climb | mar | 'to grow, to climb' | ||
172 | to climb | luŋa | |||
173 | at | lo | |||
173 | at | au- | |||
174 | in, inside | au-si | |||
174 | in, inside | mo-si | |||
174 | in, inside | si | |||
175 | above | au-ʝali | |||
176 | below | au-ŋa βa | |||
176 | below | au-ŋa | |||
176 | below | βa-den | 'bottom' | ||
177 | this | ni | proximal | ||
177 | this | ani | proximal | ||
177 | this | neni | proximal | ||
178 | that | na | medial | ||
178 | that | ana | medial | ||
178 | that | nena | medial | ||
178 | that | ŋa | distal | ||
178 | that | ŋam | distal | ||
178 | that | neŋa | distal | ||
178 | that | neŋam | distal | ||
178 | that | aŋa | distal | ||
178 | that | βarie | distal | ||
179 | near | tasiek | |||
180 | far | me-geŋ | same form as 'long' | ||
180 | far | muŋ | same form as 'to turn, to say' | ||
181 | where? | ua | |||
181 | where? | au ua | |||
181 | where? | ne ua | |||
181 | where? | go ua | 'to stay where?' | ||
182 | I | ʝo | |||
183 | thou | i-ke | |||
184 | he/she | i | |||
184 | he/she | bita | from Parkinson; Grace: <mbita> | ||
185 | we | i-kem | 1PL.EXCL | ||
185 | we | kusier | 1PL.INCL | ||
185 | we | i-ka | 1DU.EXCL | ||
185 | we | kuta | 1DU.INCL | ||
186 | you | i-kom | 2PL | ||
186 | you | i-kuma | 2DU | ||
187 | they | ti | 3PL | ||
187 | they | toro | 3DU | ||
188 | what? | mene | |||
188 | what? | boka | |||
188 | what? | a- | found in /a-mo(r)/ 'who?'? | ||
189 | who? | a-mo | |||
189 | who? | a-mor | 'what person?'? | ||
190 | other | bara | ? | ||
190 | other | detu | ? /de-tu/ ?; part of 'three'; 'one-other'? | ||
190 | other | βadik | 'other, another' | ||
190 | other | a-si | 'some, something, other'?; < POc *sai 'who?'? | ||
191 | all | birbir | reduplication: 'white-white' | ||
191 | all | kere | from Grace; 'black; all'; loan from Kol? | L? | |
192 | and | mo | |||
192 | and | na | loan from Tok Pisin? | L? | |
193 | if | ke | from Grace; = 'thou'? | ||
193 | if | to | ? | ||
194 | how? | kone | |||
195 | no, not | ka | |||
196 | to count | βa-ho | with causative prefix? | ||
197 | One | de-nan | for counting things: 'one-that'? | ||
197 | One | de-muor | for counting people | ||
197 | One | de-buŋ | for counting fruit | ||
197 | One | de- | |||
198 | Two | horo | |||
198 | Two | ro | dual marker | ||
199 | Three | horo-m-detu | 'two-and-another'? | ||
200 | Four | horo mo horo | 'two and two' | ||
201 | Five | liem | loan?; retention of 'five', despite change in form of 'hand' and loss of 'three' and 'four'? | L? | |
201 | Five | ko liem | from Grace: <ko lie̯m> ~ <kolie̯m>; /ko/ = ‘fist’?; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
202 | Six | horo mo denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'two and one'? | ||
202 | Six | denan ua denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'one below one'? | ||
202 | Six | liem denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'five one'?; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
202 | Six | denan-ken | |||
202 | Six | liem denan mo denan | from Ross; 'five one and one'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
203 | Seven | liem horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'five two'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
203 | Seven | horu-ken | from Grace: <hɔrukɛn>; ‘two again’? | ||
204 | Eight | liem horo-m-detu | ad hoc formulation?; 'five two-and-another'?; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
204 | Eight | horu-m-detu-ken | from Grace: <hɔrumdetukɛn>; ‘two-and-another again’? | ||
205 | Nine | liem horo mo horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'five two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
205 | Nine | horu-horu-ken | |||
205 | Nine | liem denan mo horo mo horo | from Ross; 'five one and two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
206 | Ten | ro-liem | ad hoc formulation?; 'two five'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
206 | Ten | ro-liem horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'two five two'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
206 | Ten | liem denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'five one'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
206 | Ten | timdel | from Grace; = 'it is a part'? | ||
206 | Ten | ro-liem kere | from Ross: <roliem kere> ; 'two-five all'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
206 | Ten | liem | from Parkinson: <līem> ; ‘five’; loan? | L? | |
207 | Twenty | ro-liem horo mo horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'two five two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
207 | Twenty | e liem horo mo horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'PL five two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
207 | Twenty | ro-m-ro tamdel | |||
207 | Twenty | tamdil | from Parkinson; 'it is a part'? | ||
208 | Fifty | liem | from Grace: <lie̯m> ; ad hoc formulation?; ‘five’; loan? | L? | |
209 | One Hundred | ro-m-ro tamdel | |||
210 | One Thousand | me-utu | 'many'; no known word for 1,000 |