Language: Proto-Austronesian
Source/Author: | Blust, R (1999) |
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: aust1307 |
Notes: | Blust, R. (1999). Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In Zeitoun, E., & Li, P. J-K., Selected Papers From the 8th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Taipei, Taiwan: Academica Sinica |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Simon Greenhill Checked By: Simon Greenhill |
Statistics: |
-
Total Data: 191
- Number of Retentions:
- Number of Loans: 0
|
Classification: | Austronesian |
Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 21 entries
- Changed from "Nakaw" (Word 5) - Simon Greenhill (2022-04-26 05:22:00)
- Changed from "Niku" (Word 8) - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-13 23:40:41)
- Changed from "*qaNiC" (Word 12) - Simon Greenhill (2017-07-26 11:59:16)
- Changed from "*ma-azaNih" (Word 179) - Malcolm Ross (2016-07-13 12:06:09)
- Changed #135207 from "lima",
"", "1",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:40:57)
- Changed #177254 from "*lima",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:40:57)
- Changed #177255 from "*enem",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:40:57)
- Changed #177256 from "*pitu",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:40:57)
- Changed #177257 from "*walu",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:40:57)
- Changed #177258 from "*Siwa",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:40:57)
- Changed #177259 from "*sa-puluq",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:40:57)
- Source: Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 206) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:36:35)
- Source: Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 205) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:36:19)
- Source: Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 204) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:36:01)
- Source: Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 203) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:35:35)
- Source: Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 202) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:35:17)
- Source: Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 201) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:34:58)
- Source: Franco Fratello (Word 201) - Simon Greenhill (2008-05-12 09:53:44)
- Source: Holger Simonsen (Word 5) - Simon Greenhill (2008-03-19 03:53:49)
- Source: Holger Simonsen (Word 8) - Simon Greenhill (2008-03-19 03:53:47)
- Changed from "*sulaʀ", typo: Michael Martens (Word 106) - Simon Greenhill (2008-02-29 03:25:16)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
1 |
hand |
*(qa)lima |
|
1 |
|
2 |
left |
*ka-wiʀi |
|
1, 42 |
|
3 |
right |
*ka-wanaN |
|
1, 62 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
*qaqay |
|
1 |
|
5 |
to walk |
*Nakaw |
|
1 |
|
6 |
road/path |
*zalan |
|
1 |
|
7 |
to come |
|
|
|
|
8 |
to turn
|
*Niku |
|
|
|
9 |
to swim |
*Naŋuy |
|
1 |
|
10 |
dirty |
|
|
|
|
11 |
dust |
*likeS |
|
|
|
12 |
skin |
*qaNiC |
|
2 |
|
13 |
back
|
*likud |
|
1 |
|
14 |
belly |
*tiaN |
abdomen |
1 |
|
15 |
bone |
*CuqelaN |
|
1 |
|
16 |
intestines |
*Cinaqi |
|
1 |
|
17 |
liver |
*qaCay |
|
1 |
|
18 |
breast |
*susu |
should *nunu be added as a separate form? |
1 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
*qabaʀa |
|
1 |
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
*bajaq |
to know, understand, to inquire |
2 |
|
21 |
to think |
*-ajem |
|
1 |
|
21 |
to think |
*nemnem |
|
28 |
|
22 |
to fear |
*ma-takut |
|
1 |
|
23 |
blood |
*daʀaq |
|
1 |
|
24 |
head |
*qulu |
|
1 |
|
25 |
neck |
*liqeʀ |
|
1 |
|
26 |
hair
|
*bukeS |
|
1 |
|
27 |
nose |
*mujiŋ |
|
26 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
|
|
|
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
*Sajek |
|
1 |
|
30 |
mouth |
*ŋusu |
|
2 |
|
31 |
tooth |
*nipen |
doublets |
1 |
|
32 |
tongue |
*Sema |
|
1 |
|
33 |
to laugh |
*Cawa |
|
1 |
|
34 |
to cry |
*Caŋis |
|
1 |
|
35 |
to vomit |
*utaq |
|
1 |
|
36 |
to spit |
|
|
|
|
37 |
to eat |
*kaen |
|
1 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
*qelqel |
should be some more reflexes in Formosan languages |
2 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
*tanek |
|
1 |
|
40 |
to drink |
*mimah |
(?) |
2 |
|
41 |
to bite |
*kaʀat |
|
1 |
|
42 |
to suck |
*sepsep |
|
1 |
|
43 |
ear |
*Caliŋa |
|
1 |
|
44 |
to hear |
*tumaNa |
|
2 |
|
45 |
eye |
*maCa |
|
1 |
|
46 |
to see |
*kita |
|
1 |
|
47 |
to yawn |
*ma-Suab |
|
19 |
|
47 |
to yawn |
*ma-Suaw |
|
1 |
|
48 |
to sleep |
*tuduʀ |
|
1 |
|
49 |
to lie down
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
to dream |
*Sepi |
|
1 |
|
51 |
to sit |
|
|
|
|
52 |
to stand |
*diʀi |
|
1 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
*Cau |
|
1 |
|
54 |
man/male |
*ma-ʀuqaNay |
|
1 |
|
55 |
woman/female |
*bahi |
|
1 |
|
56 |
child |
*aNak |
|
1 |
|
57 |
husband |
|
|
|
|
58 |
wife |
|
|
|
|
59 |
mother |
*t-ina |
|
1 |
|
60 |
father |
*t-ama |
|
1 |
|
61 |
house |
*ʀumaq |
|
1 |
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
*Cawali |
(?) |
2 |
|
63 |
name |
*ŋajan |
|
1 |
|
64 |
to say |
|
|
|
|
65 |
rope |
*CaliS |
|
1 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
|
|
|
|
67 |
to sew
|
*taSiq |
|
1 |
|
68 |
needle |
*zaʀum |
|
1 |
|
69 |
to hunt
|
*qaNup |
|
1 |
|
70 |
to shoot
|
*panaq |
|
1 |
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
|
|
|
|
72 |
to hit
|
*palu |
|
1 |
|
73 |
to steal |
*Cakaw |
|
1 |
|
74 |
to kill |
*p-aCay |
|
2 |
|
75 |
to die, be dead |
*m-aCay |
|
1 |
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
*ma-qudip |
|
1 |
|
77 |
to scratch
|
*kaʀaw |
|
1 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*taʀaq |
|
1 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*tektek |
|
3 |
|
79 |
stick/wood |
*kaSiw |
|
1 |
|
80 |
to split
|
|
|
|
|
81 |
sharp |
*Cazem |
(?) |
1 |
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
|
|
|
|
83 |
to work
|
*qumah |
|
1 |
|
84 |
to plant |
*mula |
|
1 |
|
85 |
to choose |
*piliq |
|
1 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
|
|
|
|
87 |
to swell
|
*ʀibawa |
|
26 |
|
87 |
to swell
|
*baʀeq |
|
1 |
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
*peʀeq |
|
1 |
|
89 |
to hold
|
*gemgem |
|
1 |
|
90 |
to dig |
*kalih |
|
1 |
|
91 |
to buy |
*baliw |
|
23 |
|
91 |
to buy |
*beli |
|
1 |
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
|
|
|
|
93 |
to pound, beat
|
*tutuh |
|
20 |
|
94 |
to throw
|
|
|
|
|
95 |
to fall
|
|
|
|
|
96 |
dog |
*asu |
|
1 |
|
96 |
dog |
*wasu |
|
1 |
|
97 |
bird |
*qayam |
|
2 |
|
98 |
egg |
*qiCeluʀ |
|
1 |
|
99 |
feather |
|
|
|
|
100 |
wing |
*paNid |
|
2 |
|
101 |
to fly |
*layap |
|
2 |
|
102 |
rat |
*labaw |
|
1 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
*Sesi |
|
1 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
*isi |
|
31 |
|
104 |
fat/grease |
*Simaʀ |
|
2 |
|
105 |
tail |
*ikuʀ |
|
1 |
|
106 |
snake |
*Sulaʀ |
|
2 |
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
*kulay |
|
2 |
|
108 |
louse
|
*kuCu |
|
1 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
*likeS |
|
2 |
|
110 |
spider |
*kakaCu |
|
2 |
|
111 |
fish |
*Sikan |
|
1 |
|
112 |
rotten
|
*ma-buʀaq |
|
1 |
|
113 |
branch
|
|
|
|
|
114 |
leaf |
*biʀaq |
|
2 |
|
115 |
root |
*ʀameC |
|
|
|
115 |
root |
*ʀamiS |
|
3 |
|
116 |
flower |
|
|
|
|
117 |
fruit |
*buaq |
|
1 |
|
118 |
grass |
*Cemel |
|
3 |
|
119 |
earth/soil |
*daʀeq |
|
30 |
|
120 |
stone |
*batu |
|
1 |
|
121 |
sand |
*bunaj |
|
2 |
|
121 |
sand |
*qenay |
|
1 |
|
122 |
water
|
*daNum |
|
1 |
|
123 |
to flow |
*qaluʀ |
(?) |
1 |
|
124 |
sea |
*tenem |
|
2 |
|
125 |
salt |
*qasiʀa |
|
1 |
|
125 |
salt |
*timus |
|
2 |
|
126 |
lake |
*danaw |
|
1 |
|
127 |
woods/forest |
*kaSiw-kaSiw-an |
|
2 |
|
128 |
sky |
*laŋiC |
|
1 |
|
129 |
moon |
*bulaN |
|
1 |
|
129 |
moon |
*qiNas |
|
2 |
|
130 |
star |
*bituqen |
|
1 |
|
131 |
cloud
|
*lemlem |
|
2 |
|
132 |
fog |
|
|
|
|
133 |
rain |
*quzaN |
|
1 |
|
134 |
thunder |
*deʀuŋ |
(?) |
3 |
|
135 |
lightning |
*likaC |
|
89 |
|
136 |
wind |
*bali |
|
2 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
*Siup |
|
1 |
|
138 |
warm
|
|
|
|
|
139 |
cold
|
|
|
|
|
140 |
dry
|
*ma-qaʀiw |
|
2 |
|
141 |
wet |
|
|
|
|
142 |
heavy |
|
|
|
|
143 |
fire |
*Sapuy |
|
1 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
*cuNuh |
|
1 |
|
145 |
smoke
|
*CebuN |
|
65 |
|
145 |
smoke
|
*qebel |
|
1 |
|
146 |
ash |
*qabu |
|
1 |
|
147 |
black |
*CeŋeN |
|
2 |
|
148 |
white |
*ma-puNi |
|
1 |
|
149 |
red |
*ma-taNah |
(?) |
2 |
|
150 |
yellow |
|
|
|
|
151 |
green |
*mataq |
|
1 |
|
152 |
small |
*kedi |
|
2 |
|
153 |
big |
*ma-ʀaya |
|
1 |
|
154 |
short
|
|
|
|
|
155 |
long
|
*inaduq |
(?) |
1 |
|
156 |
thin
|
*ma-NiSepis |
|
1 |
|
157 |
thick
|
*ma-kaSepal |
|
1 |
|
158 |
narrow |
|
|
|
|
159 |
wide |
*ma-lawas |
|
1 |
|
160 |
painful, sick |
|
|
|
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
*ma-Siaq |
|
1 |
|
162 |
old
|
*ma-tuqaS |
|
1 |
|
163 |
new |
*ma-baqeʀu |
|
1 |
|
164 |
good |
|
|
|
|
165 |
bad, evil |
*kuya |
|
2 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
|
|
|
|
167 |
night |
*beʀŋi |
|
1 |
|
168 |
day |
*qalejaw |
|
1 |
|
169 |
year |
*kawaS |
|
2 |
|
170 |
when?
|
*ija-n |
|
1 |
|
171 |
to hide
|
*buNi |
|
1 |
|
172 |
to climb
|
*dakiS |
|
34 |
|
173 |
at |
*i |
|
1 |
|
173 |
at |
*di |
|
20 |
|
174 |
in, inside |
*i-dalem |
|
1 |
|
175 |
above |
*i babaw |
|
2 |
|
175 |
above |
*i taqas |
|
1 |
|
176 |
below |
|
|
|
|
177 |
this |
*i-ni |
|
1 |
|
178 |
that |
|
|
|
|
179 |
near |
*ma-azaNih |
The evidence points to *-d-, not *-z-. MR. |
1, 35 |
|
180 |
far |
*ma-dawiN |
|
|
|
181 |
where?
|
*i-nu |
|
1 |
|
182 |
I |
*i-aku |
|
1 |
|
183 |
thou |
*i-kaSu |
|
1 |
|
184 |
he/she |
*si-ia |
|
1 |
|
185 |
we
|
*i-kita |
|
1 |
|
185 |
we
|
*kami |
|
2, 52 |
|
186 |
you |
*i-kamu |
|
1 |
|
187 |
they |
|
|
|
|
188 |
what?
|
*n-anu |
(?) |
2 |
|
189 |
who?
|
*si-ima |
|
2 |
|
190 |
other |
*duma |
|
1 |
|
191 |
all |
*amin |
|
1 |
|
192 |
and |
*ka |
|
1 |
|
192 |
and |
*mah |
|
2 |
|
193 |
if |
*ka |
|
1 |
|
193 |
if |
*nu |
|
2, 70 |
|
194 |
how?
|
*kuja |
|
1 |
|
194 |
how?
|
*numa |
|
2 |
|
195 |
no, not |
*ini |
|
3 |
|
196 |
to count |
*Sipuʀ |
|
3 |
|
197 |
One
|
*esa |
|
1 |
|
197 |
One
|
*isa |
|
1 |
|
198 |
Two
|
*duSa |
|
1 |
|
199 |
Three
|
*telu |
|
1 |
|
200 |
Four
|
*Sepat |
|
1 |
|
201 |
Five
|
*lima |
|
1 |
|
202 |
Six
|
*enem |
|
1 |
|
203 |
Seven
|
*pitu |
|
1 |
|
204 |
Eight
|
*walu |
|
3 |
|
205 |
Nine
|
*Siwa |
|
5 |
|
206 |
Ten
|
*sa-puluq |
|
5 |
|
207 |
Twenty
|
|
|
|
|
208 |
Fifty
|
|
|
|
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
|
|
|
|
210 |
One Thousand
|
|
|
|
|