Language: Rotuman
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 72 entries
- Changed from "'ea" (Word 64) - Mary Walworth (2021-11-10 00:36:57)
- Changed from "räe mose" (Word 50) - Mary Walworth (2021-11-09 23:17:04)
- Changed from "taktaka" (Word 49) - Mary Walworth (2021-11-09 23:14:48)
- Changed #21893 from "hata",
"iireg. as loan or regular cognate", "1",
"" (Word 21893) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-20 18:49:18)
- Changed from "pearpera" (Word 10) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-19 23:12:24)
- Changed #35459 from "papạ'u",
"POc *p > h - likely PN loan", "1,59",
"L" (Word 35459) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #35816 from "fere",
"possible cognate, not a great one - JCM", "11",
"" (Word 35816) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #37958 from "kermutu",
"Pn loan ", "9",
"Pn" (Word 37958) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #39743 from "para",
"Pn loan (unclear source)", "13",
"L" (Word 39743) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #40457 from "rau",
"Pn loan - JCM", "1",
"Pn" (Word 40457) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #42242 from "pera",
"", "32",
"Pn" (Word 42242) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #46883 from "kakạpu",
"Pn loan - JCM", "1",
"Pn" (Word 46883) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #3229405 from "timu",
"L from Samoan, Schmidt (2003)", "",
"L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #108109 from "iri",
"Possible L from Tongan", "11",
"L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #50096 from "mata",
"Schmidt 2003 claims that this is a loan from Tuvaluan mata kaukau", "",
"L" (Word 50096) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #53309 from "perpero",
"Pn loan - JCM", "11",
"Pn" (Word 53309) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #55094 from "roā",
"Pn loan - JCM", "12,105",
"Pn" (Word 55094) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #57950 from "fo'ou",
"L from Tongan or E Uvean (Schmidt 2003)", "1",
"L" (Word 57950) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #58307 from "lelei",
"Pn loan on distributional grounds - JCM", "17",
"Pn" (Word 58307) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #113877 from "hako",
"Schmidt (2003) says this is a L from Tongan", "",
"L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed #173015 from "tarau",
"Samoan loan (Schmidt 2003)", "2",
"L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
- Changed "source" from "@misc{Schmidt-116-2005,
author = "Hans Schmidt",
date = "2005",
howpublished = "personal communication"
}" - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #3686 from "kefkefu",
""f"< Pn; POc *p > Rot h (loan)", "1",
"Pn" (Word 3686) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #7970 from "toto",
"Pn loan", "4",
"Pn" (Word 7970) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #8684 from "kia",
"Pn loan", "20",
"Pn" (Word 8684) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #12611 from "ạnusi",
"possible loan but probably not", "14,84",
"" (Word 12611) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #12968 from "'ā",
"Pn loan", "1,47",
"Pn" (Word 12968) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #13325 from "mama",
"loan status indeterminate", "1",
"" (Word 13325) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #14039 from "'imo",
"not cognate - JCM", "",
"" (Word 14039) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #75086 from "tui",
"Pn loan", "13, 16",
"L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #24749 from "fana",
"Pn loan (*p > h)", "1",
"Pn" (Word 24749) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #28319 from "fa'a",
"Pn Loan", "5, 96",
"Pn" (Word 28319) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #28676 from "'ā",
"possibility of Ellicean loan seems high - JCM", "14,15",
"L" (Word 28676) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #76048 from "garue",
"", "11",
"L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #32246 from "togi",
"Pn loan", "10?",
"L" (Word 32246) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Changed #32960 from "tuki",
"Pn loan (POc *k >ʔ) ", "2",
"Pn" (Word 32960) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
- Source: (Word 133) - Mary Walworth (2020-03-24 13:13:38)
- Changed from "mea'me'a" (Word 152) - Mary Walworth (2020-03-24 12:56:31)
- Source: Matt Bray (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-18 03:14:03)
- Changed from "ingke", source: Matt Bray (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-18 03:13:51)
- Changed from "kat...ra", source: Matt Bray (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-18 03:13:51)
- Source: Matt Bray (Word 207) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-17 00:12:16)
- Source: Matt Bray (Word 208) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-17 00:12:10)
- Source: Matt Bray (Word 209) - Simon Greenhill (2010-05-30 12:13:45)
- Source: Arnold Dabay (Word 202) - Simon Greenhill (2010-01-06 00:46:02)
- Source: Arnold Dabay (Word 204) - Simon Greenhill (2010-01-06 00:45:58)
- Source: POLLEX 2006 (Word 134) - Simon Greenhill (2010-01-04 22:10:33)
- Changed #2258 from "leu/m",
"Question Mark?", "",
"" (Word 2258) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #12611 from "ạnusi",
"possible loan but probably not", "14",
"" (Word 12611) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #28676 from "'ā",
"possibility of Ellicean loan seems high - JCM", "",
"" (Word 28676) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #29033 from "marari",
"mark under second a?", "",
"" (Word 29033) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #32960 from "tuki",
"Pn loan", "2",
"" (Word 32960) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #77564 from "amamu",
"(3 kinds of spider)", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #77565 from "fu'fu'u",
"(3 kinds of spider)", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #77566 from "mat'ao'ao",
"(3 kinds of spider)", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #83765 from "lima",
"Five.(Source: Pollex)", "1",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #83666 from "hifu",
"Seven.(Source: Pollex)", "1",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #83540 from "siva",
"Nine[>].(Source: Pollex)", "5",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #83432 from "saghulu",
"Ten.(Source: Pollex)", "5",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed #83321 from "afe",
"Thousand B.[>].(Source: Pollex)", "3",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
- Changed from "garue" (Word 83) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:04:52)
- Changed from "'igke'" (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:03:24)
- Changed from "'e teiʔ" (Word 181) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:02:28)
- Changed #42242 from "pera",
"", "",
"Pn" (Word 42242) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:05:31)
- Changed #53309 from "perpero",
"Pn loan - JCM", "",
"Pn" (Word 53309) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:05:31)
- Changed #12968 from "'ā",
"Pn loan", "",
"Pn" (Word 12968) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
- Changed #24749 from "fana",
"Pn loan", "",
"Pn" (Word 24749) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
- Changed #28319 from "fa'a",
"Pn Loan", "",
"Pn" (Word 28319) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
- Changed #32246 from "togi",
"Pn loan", "",
"Pn" (Word 32246) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
- Changed #35459 from "papạ'u",
""p" should be "h" - loan", "",
"L" (Word 35459) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:00:29)
- Changed #3686 from "kefkefu",
""f"< Pn; POc *p > Rot h (loan)", "",
"Pn" (Word 3686) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:00:29)
- Changed #8684 from "kia",
"Pn loan - 22", "",
"Pn" (Word 8684) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:00:29)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
160 |
painful, sick |
'af'afa |
|
|
|
106 |
snake |
'alete |
|
|
|
191 |
all |
'atakoa |
|
13 |
|
3 |
right |
'atmại |
|
7 |
|
186 |
you |
'ausa |
|
|
|
173 |
at |
'e |
|
1 |
|
174 |
in, inside |
'e |
|
|
|
170 |
when?
|
'e kis |
|
|
|
176 |
below |
'e lopo |
|
|
|
175 |
above |
'e rer ne |
|
|
|
181 |
where?
|
'e tei |
|
3 |
|
64 |
to say |
'ea |
|
88 |
L from PN |
14 |
belly |
'efe |
|
7 |
|
154 |
short
|
'el'ele |
a. |
|
|
179 |
near |
'ele |
|
|
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
'i'ini |
|
|
|
40 |
to drink |
'imo |
|
1 |
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
'inea |
|
|
|
185 |
we
|
'isa |
|
1 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
'o'oro |
|
|
|
12 |
skin |
'uli |
|
1 |
|
183 |
thou |
'äe[a] |
|
|
|
37 |
to eat |
'ā |
L from PN |
1, 47 |
L |
81 |
sharp |
'ā |
L from E Futunan, Tokelau, or N Outliers |
14, 15 |
L |
1 |
hand |
'ū hapa |
|
|
|
41 |
to bite |
'ạfi |
|
1 |
|
79 |
stick/wood |
'ại |
|
1 |
|
185 |
we
|
'ạmisa |
|
|
|
168 |
day |
[te]rạni |
|
6 |
|
44 |
to hear |
a'fại |
|
|
|
21 |
to think |
a'häe |
|
|
|
210 |
One Thousand
|
afe |
|
3 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
aire |
|
|
|
74 |
to kill |
al'ạki |
|
|
|
31 |
tooth |
ala |
|
|
|
75 |
to die, be dead |
ala |
|
|
|
32 |
tongue |
alele |
|
15 |
|
110 |
spider |
amamu |
|
|
|
131 |
cloud
|
aoga |
|
12 |
|
63 |
name |
asa |
|
1, 18 |
|
195 |
no, not |
eagke |
not |
|
|
80 |
to split
|
fa'a |
L from Tongan |
5, 96 |
L |
43 |
ear |
faliga |
|
1 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
famori |
cp. Nguna |
4, 7 |
|
70 |
to shoot
|
fana |
*p > h (L from PN) |
1 |
|
121 |
sand |
fanfana |
|
|
|
169 |
year |
fau |
|
1 |
|
101 |
to fly |
fere |
|
11 |
|
22 |
to fear |
feā |
|
92 |
|
24 |
head |
filo'u |
|
|
|
16 |
intestines |
finäe |
|
1 |
|
148 |
white |
fisi |
|
|
|
158 |
narrow |
fo'e |
|
|
|
163 |
new |
fo'ou |
L from Tongan or E Uvean |
1 |
L |
199 |
Three
|
folu |
|
1 |
|
13 |
back
|
fomafua |
*t >f |
11 |
|
110 |
spider |
fu'fu'u |
|
|
|
134 |
thunder |
fu'i |
|
|
|
39 |
to cook
|
funu |
|
9 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
fupu |
|
1 |
|
8 |
to turn
|
furi |
|
15 |
|
54 |
man/male |
fā |
|
|
|
52 |
to stand |
fū |
|
2 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
fại |
|
|
|
83 |
to work
|
garue |
L from PN |
11 |
L |
182 |
I |
gou |
|
1, 21 |
|
172 |
to climb
|
hako |
L from Tongan |
|
L |
73 |
to steal |
hana'o |
|
1, 58 |
|
84 |
to plant |
hao |
|
|
|
172 |
to climb
|
hapo |
a. |
|
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
hata |
|
1 |
|
196 |
to count |
hata |
|
|
|
130 |
star |
hefu |
|
1 |
|
203 |
Seven
|
hifu |
|
1 |
|
85 |
to choose |
hili |
|
1 |
|
116 |
flower |
hosa |
|
|
|
117 |
fruit |
hua |
|
1 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
huga |
|
|
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
huga |
|
10 |
|
87 |
to swell
|
hula |
|
7 |
|
129 |
moon |
hula |
|
1 |
|
200 |
Four
|
häke |
|
1, 66 |
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
hō |
|
8, 2, 93 |
|
120 |
stone |
hạfu |
|
1 |
|
58 |
wife |
hạina |
|
8? |
|
55 |
woman/female |
hạni |
|
|
|
111 |
fish |
i'a |
|
1 |
|
184 |
he/she |
ia |
|
1 |
|
195 |
no, not |
ingke |
no |
|
|
137 |
to blow
|
iri |
L from Tongan |
11 |
L |
187 |
they |
irisa |
|
|
|
27 |
nose |
isu |
|
1 |
|
151 |
green |
jarava |
|
|
|
69 |
to hunt
|
jau |
|
|
|
72 |
to hit
|
jav'ạki |
|
|
|
172 |
to climb
|
joro |
b. |
|
|
33 |
to laugh |
kahā |
|
7 |
|
132 |
fog |
kakạpu |
L from Tongan |
1 |
L |
98 |
egg |
kalofi |
|
|
|
195 |
no, not |
katxra |
? |
|
|
11 |
dust |
kefkefu |
"f"< Pn; POc *p > Rot h (L from PN) |
|
L |
147 |
black |
kele |
|
5 |
|
193 |
if |
kepoi ka |
|
1, 18 |
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
kermutu |
L from E Futunan, E Uvean, Niuean, Toongan, Tookelauan, or Tuvaluan |
9 |
L |
25 |
neck |
kia |
L from Tongan, Niuean, or East Uvean |
20 |
L |
94 |
to throw
|
kir'ạki |
|
79, 127 |
|
42 |
to suck |
kuji |
|
|
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
kō |
|
100 |
|
96 |
dog |
kạmia |
|
|
|
5 |
to walk |
la'o |
|
1 |
|
174 |
in, inside |
lag |
|
|
|
99 |
feather |
lalạvi |
|
|
|
56 |
child |
le'e |
|
|
|
164 |
good |
lelei |
L from WPn lgs |
17 |
L |
26 |
hair
|
leva |
|
|
|
201 |
Five
|
lima |
|
1 |
|
208 |
Fifty
|
limaghulu |
|
1, 2 |
|
104 |
fat/grease |
lolo |
|
|
|
154 |
short
|
luka |
b. |
8 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
lā |
|
30 |
|
65 |
rope |
lū'äpe |
|
|
|
128 |
sky |
lạgi |
|
1 |
|
136 |
wind |
lạgi |
sky |
1 |
|
192 |
and |
ma |
|
2 |
|
45 |
eye |
mafa |
|
1 |
|
157 |
thick
|
mafolu |
|
3 |
|
162 |
old
|
mafua |
|
1 |
|
142 |
heavy |
maha |
|
46 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
mama |
|
1 |
|
140 |
dry
|
mamasa |
|
11 |
|
134 |
thunder |
mana |
Supernatural force; thunder. |
37 |
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
marari |
|
|
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
masraga |
|
|
|
110 |
spider |
mat'ao'ao |
|
|
|
141 |
wet |
mata |
L from Tuvaluan |
|
L |
76 |
to live, be alive |
mauri |
Schmidt 2003 claims this is a loan from Samoan or E. Uvean; PCP *q > ∅, so I think this is impossible to detect indirect inheritance in this case. |
1, 76 |
|
152 |
small |
me'ame'a |
|
35 |
|
135 |
lightning |
mere |
|
|
|
149 |
red |
mi'a |
|
1 |
|
171 |
to hide
|
mo'o |
|
|
|
48 |
to sleep |
mose |
|
10 |
|
47 |
to yawn |
muaväe |
|
19 |
|
35 |
to vomit |
mumufa |
|
1 |
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
mäe |
|
1 |
|
118 |
grass |
mạ'usu |
|
58 |
|
156 |
thin
|
mạhini |
(<m) |
1 |
|
97 |
bird |
mạnmạn ferfere |
|
1 |
|
139 |
cold
|
mạtiti |
|
1 |
|
30 |
mouth |
nuju |
|
2 |
|
59 |
mother |
o'honi |
|
|
|
159 |
wide |
ofrau |
L from Samoan or EUvean |
73 |
L |
202 |
Six
|
onó |
|
1 |
|
34 |
to cry |
ou |
|
|
|
100 |
wing |
papạ'u |
POc *p > h, so likely L from PN that has since undergone internal change. |
1, 59 |
L |
112 |
rotten
|
para |
L from PN |
13 |
L |
119 |
earth/soil |
pera |
|
32 |
|
10 |
dirty |
perapera |
|
7 |
|
150 |
yellow |
perpero |
|
11 |
|
102 |
rat |
pija |
|
|
|
167 |
night |
pogi |
|
1 |
|
51 |
to sit |
päe |
|
|
|
165 |
bad, evil |
raksa'a |
|
1 |
|
126 |
lake |
rano |
swamp |
1 |
|
114 |
leaf |
rau |
|
1 |
|
105 |
tail |
reu |
|
|
|
155 |
long
|
roā |
L from PN |
12, 105 |
L |
198 |
Two
|
rua |
|
1 |
|
207 |
Twenty
|
ruaghulu |
|
3, 6 |
|
46 |
to see |
räe |
|
|
|
50 |
to dream |
räe mose |
|
7 |
L from PN |
113 |
branch
|
rā |
|
1 |
|
61 |
house |
rī |
|
|
|
143 |
fire |
rạhi |
|
1 |
|
146 |
ash |
rạhu |
|
67 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
rạmu |
|
1 |
|
9 |
to swim |
rạpi |
|
|
|
206 |
Ten
|
saghulu |
|
5 |
|
6 |
road/path |
sala |
|
1 |
|
89 |
to hold
|
sapo |
|
15 |
|
189 |
who?
|
sei |
|
1 |
|
2 |
left |
sema |
|
11 |
|
1 |
hand |
si' hapa |
|
|
|
68 |
needle |
si'a |
net needle |
9 |
|
205 |
Nine
|
siva |
|
5 |
|
180 |
far |
sousou |
|
|
|
15 |
bone |
sui |
|
52 |
|
138 |
warm
|
sunu |
|
|
|
18 |
breast |
susu |
|
1 |
|
67 |
to sew
|
susu |
|
17 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
susunu |
L from Samoan or E Futunan |
106 |
L |
92 |
to open, uncover |
säe |
|
|
|
123 |
to flow |
sạfu |
river |
|
|
77 |
to scratch
|
sạhi |
|
|
|
124 |
sea |
sạsi |
phonologically irregular |
1 |
|
125 |
salt |
sạsi |
irreg. but not Pn |
20 |
|
178 |
that |
ta'a |
|
1 |
|
49 |
to lie down
|
taktaka |
|
7, 10? |
L from PN |
194 |
how?
|
tapene |
|
|
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
tarau |
L from Samoan |
2 |
L |
177 |
this |
te'isi |
|
|
|
188 |
what?
|
tese |
|
|
|
7 |
to come |
teu |
|
|
|
153 |
big |
ti'u |
|
|
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
tiko |
|
10 |
|
133 |
rain |
timu |
L from Samoan |
|
L |
91 |
to buy |
togi |
L from E Futunan, E Uvean, Tongan, Samoan, or Niue |
10 |
L |
23 |
blood |
toto |
L from PN |
4 |
L |
67 |
to sew
|
tui |
L from PN |
13, 16 |
L |
93 |
to pound, beat
|
tuki |
POc *k >ʔ (L from PN) |
2 |
L |
197 |
One
|
tā |
|
14 |
|
190 |
other |
tū |
|
|
|
122 |
water
|
tạnu |
|
1 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
ui |
|
4 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
uma |
regularly cognate but impossible to distinguish from loan |
10 |
|
133 |
rain |
usa |
|
1 |
|
115 |
root |
va'a |
|
2 |
|
204 |
Eight
|
valu |
|
3 |
|
127 |
woods/forest |
vao |
|
14 |
|
83 |
to work
|
veko |
|
|
|
95 |
to fall
|
vili |
|
86 |
|
57 |
husband |
väväne |
|
13 |
|
17 |
liver |
äfe |
|
1 |
|
60 |
father |
ö'fā |
|
|
|
108 |
louse
|
ʔufu |
|
1 |
|
90 |
to dig |
ạ'u |
|
|
|
36 |
to spit |
ạnusi |
|
14, 84 |
|
145 |
smoke
|
ạsu |
|
2 |
|