Austronesian

Basic Vocabulary Database

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Language: Rotuman

Resources:

•  Ethnologue Information for rtm
•  OLAC Information for rtm
•  World Atlas of Language Structures Information for rot
•  [Suggest a resource]

Change History:

Showing all of 72 entries

• Changed from "'ea" (Word 64) - Mary Walworth (2021-11-10 00:36:57)
• Changed from "räe mose" (Word 50) - Mary Walworth (2021-11-09 23:17:04)
• Changed from "taktaka" (Word 49) - Mary Walworth (2021-11-09 23:14:48)
• Changed #21893 from "hata", "iireg. as loan or regular cognate", "1", "" (Word 21893) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-20 18:49:18)
• Changed from "pearpera" (Word 10) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-19 23:12:24)
• Changed #35459 from "papạ'u", "POc *p > h - likely PN loan", "1,59", "L" (Word 35459) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #35816 from "fere", "possible cognate, not a great one - JCM", "11", "" (Word 35816) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #37958 from "kermutu", "Pn loan ", "9", "Pn" (Word 37958) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #39743 from "para", "Pn loan (unclear source)", "13", "L" (Word 39743) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #40457 from "rau", "Pn loan - JCM", "1", "Pn" (Word 40457) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #42242 from "pera", "", "32", "Pn" (Word 42242) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #46883 from "kakạpu", "Pn loan - JCM", "1", "Pn" (Word 46883) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #3229405 from "timu", "L from Samoan, Schmidt (2003)", "", "L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #108109 from "iri", "Possible L from Tongan", "11", "L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #50096 from "mata", "Schmidt 2003 claims that this is a loan from Tuvaluan mata kaukau", "", "L" (Word 50096) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #53309 from "perpero", "Pn loan - JCM", "11", "Pn" (Word 53309) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #55094 from "roā", "Pn loan - JCM", "12,105", "Pn" (Word 55094) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #57950 from "fo'ou", "L from Tongan or E Uvean (Schmidt 2003)", "1", "L" (Word 57950) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #58307 from "lelei", "Pn loan on distributional grounds - JCM", "17", "Pn" (Word 58307) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #113877 from "hako", "Schmidt (2003) says this is a L from Tongan", "", "L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed #173015 from "tarau", "Samoan loan (Schmidt 2003)", "2", "L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:21:26)
• Changed "source" from "@misc{Schmidt-116-2005, author = "Hans Schmidt", date = "2005", howpublished = "personal communication" }" - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #3686 from "kefkefu", ""f"< Pn; POc *p > Rot h (loan)", "1", "Pn" (Word 3686) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #7970 from "toto", "Pn loan", "4", "Pn" (Word 7970) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #8684 from "kia", "Pn loan", "20", "Pn" (Word 8684) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #12611 from "ạnusi", "possible loan but probably not", "14,84", "" (Word 12611) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #12968 from "'ā", "Pn loan", "1,47", "Pn" (Word 12968) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #13325 from "mama", "loan status indeterminate", "1", "" (Word 13325) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #14039 from "'imo", "not cognate - JCM", "", "" (Word 14039) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #75086 from "tui", "Pn loan", "13, 16", "L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #24749 from "fana", "Pn loan (*p > h)", "1", "Pn" (Word 24749) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #28319 from "fa'a", "Pn Loan", "5, 96", "Pn" (Word 28319) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #28676 from "'ā", "possibility of Ellicean loan seems high - JCM", "14,15", "L" (Word 28676) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #76048 from "garue", "", "11", "L" (Word 65535) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #32246 from "togi", "Pn loan", "10?", "L" (Word 32246) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Changed #32960 from "tuki", "Pn loan (POc *k >ʔ) ", "2", "Pn" (Word 32960) - Mary Walworth (2020-04-16 22:06:39)
• Source: (Word 133) - Mary Walworth (2020-03-24 13:13:38)
• Changed from "mea'me'a" (Word 152) - Mary Walworth (2020-03-24 12:56:31)
• Source: Matt Bray (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-18 03:14:03)
• Changed from "ingke", source: Matt Bray (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-18 03:13:51)
• Changed from "kat...ra", source: Matt Bray (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-18 03:13:51)
• Source: Matt Bray (Word 207) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-17 00:12:16)
• Source: Matt Bray (Word 208) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-17 00:12:10)
• Source: Matt Bray (Word 209) - Simon Greenhill (2010-05-30 12:13:45)
• Source: Arnold Dabay (Word 202) - Simon Greenhill (2010-01-06 00:46:02)
• Source: Arnold Dabay (Word 204) - Simon Greenhill (2010-01-06 00:45:58)
• Source: POLLEX 2006 (Word 134) - Simon Greenhill (2010-01-04 22:10:33)
• Changed #2258 from "leu/m", "Question Mark?", "", "" (Word 2258) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #12611 from "ạnusi", "possible loan but probably not", "14", "" (Word 12611) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #28676 from "'ā", "possibility of Ellicean loan seems high - JCM", "", "" (Word 28676) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #29033 from "marari", "mark under second a?", "", "" (Word 29033) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #32960 from "tuki", "Pn loan", "2", "" (Word 32960) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #77564 from "amamu", "(3 kinds of spider)", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #77565 from "fu'fu'u", "(3 kinds of spider)", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #77566 from "mat'ao'ao", "(3 kinds of spider)", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #83765 from "lima", "Five.(Source: Pollex)", "1", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #83666 from "hifu", "Seven.(Source: Pollex)", "1", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #83540 from "siva", "Nine[>].(Source: Pollex)", "5", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #83432 from "saghulu", "Ten.(Source: Pollex)", "5", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed #83321 from "afe", "Thousand B.[>].(Source: Pollex)", "3", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:06:56)
• Changed from "garue" (Word 83) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:04:52)
• Changed from "'igke'" (Word 195) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:03:24)
• Changed from "'e teiʔ" (Word 181) - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-12 09:02:28)
• Changed #42242 from "pera", "", "", "Pn" (Word 42242) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:05:31)
• Changed #53309 from "perpero", "Pn loan - JCM", "", "Pn" (Word 53309) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:05:31)
• Changed #12968 from "'ā", "Pn loan", "", "Pn" (Word 12968) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
• Changed #24749 from "fana", "Pn loan", "", "Pn" (Word 24749) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
• Changed #28319 from "fa'a", "Pn Loan", "", "Pn" (Word 28319) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
• Changed #32246 from "togi", "Pn loan", "", "Pn" (Word 32246) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:02:55)
• Changed #35459 from "papạ'u", ""p" should be "h" - loan", "", "L" (Word 35459) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:00:29)
• Changed #3686 from "kefkefu", ""f"< Pn; POc *p > Rot h (loan)", "", "Pn" (Word 3686) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:00:29)
• Changed #8684 from "kia", "Pn loan - 22", "", "Pn" (Word 8684) - Simon Greenhill (2009-08-19 06:00:29)

Entries:

ID:	Word:	Item:	Annotation:	Cognacy:	Loan:
1	hand	'ū hapa
1	hand	si' hapa
2	left	sema		11
3	right	'atmại		7
4	leg/foot	lā		30
5	to walk	la'o		1
6	road/path	sala		1
7	to come	teu
8	to turn	furi		15
9	to swim	rạpi
10	dirty	perapera		7
11	dust	kefkefu	"f"< Pn; POc *p > Rot h (L from PN)		L
12	skin	'uli		1
13	back	fomafua	*t >f	11
14	belly	'efe		7
15	bone	sui		52
16	intestines	finäe		1
17	liver	äfe		1
18	breast	susu		1
19	shoulder	uma	regularly cognate but impossible to distinguish from loan	10
20	to know, be knowledgeable	'inea
21	to think	a'häe
22	to fear	feā		92
23	blood	toto	L from PN	4	L
24	head	filo'u
25	neck	kia	L from Tongan, Niuean, or East Uvean	20	L
26	hair	leva
27	nose	isu		1
28	to breathe	huga
29	to sniff, smell	huga		10
30	mouth	nuju		2
31	tooth	ala
32	tongue	alele		15
33	to laugh	kahā		7
34	to cry	ou
35	to vomit	mumufa		1
36	to spit	ạnusi		14, 84
37	to eat	'ā	L from PN	1, 47	L
38	to chew	mama		1
39	to cook	funu		9
40	to drink	'imo		1
41	to bite	'ạfi		1
42	to suck	kuji
43	ear	faliga		1
44	to hear	a'fại
45	eye	mafa		1
46	to see	räe
47	to yawn	muaväe		19
48	to sleep	mose		10
49	to lie down	taktaka		7, 10?	L from PN
50	to dream	räe mose		7	L from PN
51	to sit	päe
52	to stand	fū		2
53	person/human being	famori	cp. Nguna	4, 7
54	man/male	fā
55	woman/female	hạni
56	child	le'e
57	husband	väväne		13
58	wife	hạina		8?
59	mother	o'honi
60	father	ö'fā
61	house	rī
62	thatch/roof	hata		1
63	name	asa		1, 18
64	to say	'ea		88	L from PN
65	rope	lū'äpe
66	to tie up, fasten	'o'oro
67	to sew	susu		17
67	to sew	tui	L from PN	13, 16	L
68	needle	si'a	net needle	9
69	to hunt	jau
70	to shoot	fana	*p > h (L from PN)	1
71	to stab, pierce	kō		100
72	to hit	jav'ạki
73	to steal	hana'o		1, 58
74	to kill	al'ạki
75	to die, be dead	ala
76	to live, be alive	mauri	Schmidt 2003 claims this is a loan from Samoan or E. Uvean; PCP *q > ∅, so I think this is impossible to detect indirect inheritance in this case.	1, 76
77	to scratch	sạhi
78	to cut, hack	fại
79	stick/wood	'ại		1
80	to split	fa'a	L from Tongan	5, 96	L
81	sharp	'ā	L from E Futunan, Tokelau, or N Outliers	14, 15	L
82	dull, blunt	marari
83	to work	garue	L from PN	11	L
83	to work	veko
84	to plant	hao
85	to choose	hili		1
86	to grow	fupu		1
87	to swell	hula		7
88	to squeeze	hō		8, 2, 93
89	to hold	sapo		15
90	to dig	ạ'u
91	to buy	togi	L from E Futunan, E Uvean, Tongan, Samoan, or Niue	10	L
92	to open, uncover	säe
93	to pound, beat	tuki	POc *k >ʔ (L from PN)	2	L
94	to throw	kir'ạki		79, 127
95	to fall	vili		86
96	dog	kạmia
97	bird	mạnmạn ferfere		1
98	egg	kalofi
99	feather	lalạvi
100	wing	papạ'u	POc *p > h, so likely L from PN that has since undergone internal change.	1, 59	L
101	to fly	fere		11
102	rat	pija
103	meat/flesh	tiko		10
103	meat/flesh	'i'ini
104	fat/grease	lolo		92
105	tail	reu
106	snake	'alete
107	worm (earthworm)	kermutu	L from E Futunan, E Uvean, Niuean, Toongan, Tookelauan, or Tuvaluan	9	L
108	louse	ʔufu		1
109	mosquito	rạmu		1
110	spider	amamu
110	spider	fu'fu'u
110	spider	mat'ao'ao
111	fish	i'a		1
112	rotten	para	L from PN	13	L
113	branch	rā		1
114	leaf	rau		1
115	root	va'a		2
116	flower	hosa
117	fruit	hua		1
118	grass	mạ'usu		58
119	earth/soil	pera		32
120	stone	hạfu		1
121	sand	fanfana
122	water	tạnu		1
123	to flow	sạfu	river
124	sea	sạsi	phonologically irregular	1
125	salt	sạsi	irreg. but not Pn	20
126	lake	rano	swamp	1
127	woods/forest	vao		14
128	sky	lạgi		1
129	moon	hula		1
130	star	hefu		1
131	cloud	aoga		12
132	fog	kakạpu	L from Tongan	1	L
133	rain	usa		1
133	rain	timu	L from Samoan	12	L
134	thunder	fu'i
134	thunder	mana	Supernatural force; thunder.	37
135	lightning	mere
136	wind	lạgi	sky	1
137	to blow	iri	L from Tongan	11	L
137	to blow	ui		4
138	warm	sunu
139	cold	mạtiti		1
140	dry	mamasa		11
141	wet	mata	L from Tuvaluan		L
142	heavy	maha		46
143	fire	rạhi		1
144	to burn	susunu	L from Samoan or E Futunan	106	L
145	smoke	ạsu		2
146	ash	rạhu		67
147	black	kele		5
148	white	fisi
149	red	mi'a		1
150	yellow	perpero		11
151	green	jarava
152	small	me'ame'a		35
153	big	ti'u
154	short	'el'ele	a.
154	short	luka	b.	8
155	long	roā	L from PN	12, 105	L
156	thin	mạhini	(<m)	1
157	thick	mafolu		3
158	narrow	fo'e
159	wide	ofrau	L from Samoan or EUvean	73	L
160	painful, sick	'af'afa
161	shy, ashamed	mäe		1
161	shy, ashamed	masraga
162	old	mafua		1
163	new	fo'ou	L from Tongan or E Uvean	1	L
164	good	lelei	L from WPn lgs	17	L
165	bad, evil	raksa'a		1
166	correct, true	aire
167	night	pogi		1
168	day	[te]rạni		6
169	year	fau		1
170	when?	'e kis
171	to hide	mo'o
172	to climb	hako	L from Tongan		L
172	to climb	hapo	a.
172	to climb	joro	b.
173	at	'e		1
174	in, inside	'e
174	in, inside	lag
175	above	'e rer ne
176	below	'e lopo
177	this	te'isi
178	that	ta'a		1
179	near	'ele
180	far	sousou
181	where?	'e tei		3
182	I	gou		1, 21
183	thou	'äe[a]
184	he/she	ia		1
185	we	'isa		1
185	we	'ạmisa
186	you	'ausa
187	they	irisa
188	what?	tese
189	who?	sei		1
190	other	tū
191	all	'atakoa		13
192	and	ma		2
193	if	kepoi ka		1, 18
194	how?	tapene
195	no, not	ingke	no
195	no, not	katxra	?
195	no, not	eagke	not
196	to count	hata
197	One	tā		14
198	Two	rua		1
199	Three	folu		1
200	Four	häke		1, 66
201	Five	lima		1
202	Six	onó		1
203	Seven	hifu		1
204	Eight	valu		3
205	Nine	siva		5
206	Ten	saghulu		5
207	Twenty	ruaghulu		3, 6
208	Fifty	limaghulu		1, 2
209	One Hundred	tarau	L from Samoan	2	L
210	One Thousand	afe		3

© 2003-2025: Simon J. Greenhill , Robert Blust, & Russell Gray. (0.00481)

Please cite: Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Max Planck EVA Imprint/Impressum.