Language: Proto Siraya
Source/Author: | Sander Adelaar personal data; also: Adelaar 2014 |
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:fos Glottocode: sira1267 |
Notes: | Based on the dialects represented in the Gospel of St Matthew text. the Utrecht Manuscript (wordlist), and some phonological features reflected in the lists provided by Tsuchida and Yamada (1991). See Adelaar, Alexander, 2014 Proto Siraya phonology, Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale (Paris) 43:1-31. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Sander Adelaar Checked By: |
Statistics: |
-
Total Data: 213
- Number of Retentions:
- Number of Loans: 1
|
Classification: | Austronesian:East Formosan:Southwest |
Map | |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 10 entries
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-09-24 01:07:16)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-05-14 03:08:16)
- Changed #343104 from "*saat kiti-an",
"", "33",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-30 01:05:25)
- Changed #343105 from "*θuha kiti-an",
"", "14",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-30 01:05:25)
- Changed #343106 from "*rima kiti-an",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-30 01:05:25)
- Changed #343035 from "*bali",
"", "1",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-29 10:06:29)
- Changed #343124 from "*ba-bali",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-29 10:06:29)
- Changed #342918 from "*ma-rusuk",
"", "110",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-28 13:51:08)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2017-08-14 12:08:36)
- Language Added - sander (2017-08-14 11:17:55)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
175 |
above |
*tu babaw |
|
2 |
|
191 |
all |
*iməd |
|
96 |
|
192 |
and |
*ka |
has a wider application |
1 |
|
146 |
ash |
*abu |
|
1 |
|
173 |
at |
*tu |
|
28 |
|
13 |
back
|
*rikuθ |
|
1 |
|
165 |
bad, evil |
*ma-t'[e,i] |
|
68 |
|
14 |
belly |
*buiN |
|
81 |
|
176 |
below |
(*tu) *θa-θəm |
lit. 'on the bottom' |
20, 37 |
|
153 |
big |
*ma-iθang |
|
2 |
|
97 |
bird |
*ayam ka subəx |
lit. 'flying animal' |
2 |
|
147 |
black |
*ma-udim |
not (1) |
44 |
|
23 |
blood |
*xamax |
|
44, 39 |
|
15 |
bone |
*turaN |
|
1 |
|
113 |
branch
|
*pihil |
|
64 |
|
18 |
breast |
*uhu |
|
1 |
|
56 |
child |
*aNak |
|
1 |
|
131 |
cloud
|
*bələm |
*bələm 'cloud', also 'sky' |
115 |
|
131 |
cloud
|
*puraray |
|
114 |
|
139 |
cold
|
*ma-harmil |
|
132 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
*ma-m(i)sing |
|
103 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
*dilix |
|
104 |
|
168 |
day |
*waxi |
|
17 |
|
10 |
dirty |
*ma-ru(s,θ)uk |
|
110 |
|
96 |
dog |
(*)asu |
*s is suspect |
1 |
L |
140 |
dry
|
*ma-θəkax |
|
32 |
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
*ma-ngihit |
|
26 |
|
11 |
dust |
*vuravur |
also *θapul 'dust powder' |
14 |
|
43 |
ear |
*tangira |
*taringa? see Tsuchida&Yamada |
1 |
|
119 |
earth/soil |
*ənai |
SA: < *enay 'sand' |
38 |
|
98 |
egg |
*p-u-pəxax |
|
55 |
|
204 |
Eight
|
*kuixpa |
|
1, 35 |
|
45 |
eye |
*mata |
|
1 |
|
180 |
far |
*itu-tawax (?) |
|
3 |
|
104 |
fat/grease |
*ximax |
|
2 |
|
60 |
father |
*θa-ama |
|
1 |
|
99 |
feather |
*ilil |
|
78 |
|
208 |
Fifty
|
*rima ki tian |
|
14 |
|
143 |
fire |
*apuy |
|
1 |
|
111 |
fish |
*təxəng |
|
29, 79 |
|
201 |
Five
|
*-rima |
|
1 |
|
116 |
flower |
*iθip (?) |
based on UM isip |
52 |
|
132 |
fog |
|
|
|
|
200 |
Four
|
*-pa-xəpat |
|
1 |
|
117 |
fruit |
*bua |
|
1 |
|
164 |
good |
*ma-riang |
|
139 |
|
118 |
grass |
*uθu |
'weed' |
52 |
|
151 |
green |
*ma-xud(e,i) |
|
85 |
|
26 |
hair
|
*bukəx |
|
1 |
|
1 |
hand |
*rima |
|
1, 64 |
|
184 |
he/she |
*taini |
|
41 |
|
24 |
head |
*bungu |
|
2 |
|
142 |
heavy |
*ma-kədung |
|
52, 83 |
|
61 |
house |
*taNax |
|
56 |
|
194 |
how?
|
*mama *[ki] *mang |
(not 23) |
86 |
|
57 |
husband |
*təbung |
|
46 |
|
182 |
I |
*i-a[k]u |
|
1 |
|
193 |
if |
*iθu |
|
89 |
|
174 |
in, inside |
*tu rəbu |
merge 41, 46, 47? |
41 |
|
16 |
intestines |
*talamey |
|
97 |
|
126 |
lake |
*balanga |
UM valanga |
48 |
|
114 |
leaf |
*hapa |
SA: similarity with Japanese hapa is probably coincidental |
44 |
|
2 |
left |
*ui |
|
1 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
*θapal |
|
55 |
|
135 |
lightning |
*rikat |
|
1, 89 |
|
17 |
liver |
*mawax |
-> UM dialect mawax |
47 |
|
155 |
long
|
*ma-han[g]dax |
|
103 |
|
108 |
louse
|
*kutu |
|
1 |
|
54 |
man/male |
*parax |
|
60 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
*baat |
|
37 |
|
129 |
moon |
*bural |
|
1 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
*rikəx |
|
2 |
|
59 |
mother |
*θa-ina |
|
1 |
|
30 |
mouth |
*mutus |
|
88 |
|
63 |
name |
*nanang |
|
1 |
|
158 |
narrow |
*ma-ləngəd? *ma-suku? |
|
|
|
179 |
near |
*tamang |
|
120 |
|
179 |
near |
*hili |
|
119 |
|
25 |
neck |
*rəx |
|
1 |
|
68 |
needle |
*simsim? *səmsəm? |
|
46 |
|
163 |
new |
*ba[x,h]u |
|
1 |
|
167 |
night |
*vixnan (?) |
+ metathesis of *b and *R? |
82 |
|
205 |
Nine
|
*ma-tuda |
|
7 |
|
195 |
no, not |
*aku-say |
|
20 |
|
27 |
nose |
*xungu(θ) |
θ is uncertain |
77, 27 |
|
162 |
old
|
*ri(i,e) |
|
81 |
|
197 |
One
|
*-saat |
|
1 |
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
*saat ka-xatux-ang |
|
1 |
|
210 |
One Thousand
|
*saat ka-tunun-an |
|
24 |
|
190 |
other |
*θuma |
|
1 |
|
160 |
painful, sick |
*ma-alam |
|
92 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
*tau |
|
1 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
*kaxulung |
|
72 |
|
133 |
rain |
*udaN |
|
1 |
|
102 |
rat |
*taxuliang |
|
70 |
|
149 |
red |
*ma-ipəxang |
|
80 |
|
3 |
right |
*ual |
|
1 |
|
6 |
road/path |
*darang |
|
1 |
|
115 |
root |
*patar |
|
65 |
|
65 |
rope |
*tarix |
|
1 |
|
112 |
rotten
|
?UM mi-tupak |
|
91 |
|
112 |
rotten
|
mix-tuay |
|
112 |
|
125 |
salt |
*baya |
|
41 |
|
121 |
sand |
*lixix |
|
76 |
|
124 |
sea |
*baung |
|
5 |
|
203 |
Seven
|
*-fitu |
|
1 |
|
81 |
sharp |
*ma-səxingat |
|
102 |
|
154 |
short
|
*(ma-)kipu |
|
48 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
*taxu |
|
80 |
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
*ma-nGala |
|
83 |
|
202 |
Six
|
*-(ə)nəm |
|
1 |
|
12 |
skin |
*baNit |
|
2, 29 |
|
128 |
sky |
*ikir-ən |
only in G dialect (ikir-ən ) |
69 |
|
152 |
small |
*ma-kusing |
|
102 |
|
145 |
smoke
|
*atu |
|
93 |
|
106 |
snake |
*vulay |
|
29 |
|
110 |
spider |
*rawa |
|
1 |
|
130 |
star |
*ătatilingaxay |
|
67 |
|
79 |
stick/wood |
*kaxyu |
partly based on data in Tsuchida&Yamada 1991 |
1 |
|
120 |
stone |
*batu |
1 |
1 |
|
105 |
tail |
*ikux |
|
1 |
|
206 |
Ten
|
*saat ki tian |
|
33 |
|
178 |
that |
*ata |
|
2 |
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
*apang |
|
74 |
|
187 |
they |
*naini |
|
32 |
|
157 |
thick
|
*ma-kənəm? |
(less likely) *ma-kŭnŭm |
|
|
156 |
thin
|
*p<Vl>ipix |
|
1, 69 |
|
177 |
this |
*ana |
|
43 |
|
183 |
thou |
*i-m(u)hu |
|
28 |
|
199 |
Three
|
*-turu |
|
1 |
|
134 |
thunder |
*θəngθəng |
|
3, 98 |
|
134 |
thunder |
*xiNtax |
|
71 |
|
41 |
to bite |
*k<m>axat |
|
1 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
*pa-hiup |
|
1 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
*ba-bari |
|
65 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
*mi-xinawa |
|
1 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
*m-i-lamax |
|
105 |
|
91 |
to buy |
*pa-iNa |
|
72 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
|
|
|
|
85 |
to choose |
*peri |
|
1 |
|
172 |
to climb
|
*max-dakin (?) |
last vowel could be schwa |
65 |
|
7 |
to come |
*i[l]ua |
*r or *l ? |
|
|
39 |
to cook
|
|
|
|
|
196 |
to count |
*kətən |
|
88, 89 |
|
196 |
to count |
*k<m>ətkət |
|
88 |
|
34 |
to cry |
*t<m>angi |
|
1 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*ta(x)ta ? |
consonants uncertain |
142 |
|
75 |
to die, be dead |
*ma-patay |
|
1 |
|
90 |
to dig |
*k<m>ari |
|
1 |
|
50 |
to dream |
*-maling |
|
50 |
|
40 |
to drink |
*m-i(i)t |
|
71 |
|
37 |
to eat |
*k<m>an |
|
1 |
|
95 |
to fall
|
(?) *tau-kua |
|
|
|
95 |
to fall
|
*m'atəb |
|
|
|
22 |
to fear |
*ma-takut |
|
1 |
|
123 |
to flow |
|
|
|
|
101 |
to fly |
*subəx |
|
66, 98 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
*tuul |
|
61 |
|
44 |
to hear |
*x<m>ilingix |
|
1, 27 |
|
171 |
to hide
|
*h<m>a |
|
62 |
|
72 |
to hit
|
*bukbuk |
|
120 |
|
89 |
to hold
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
to hunt
|
*m-alup |
|
1 |
|
74 |
to kill |
*lupux |
also: *paka-patey |
32 |
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
*ma-vana |
also: *m-umxa, *k<m>alang |
1 |
|
33 |
to laugh |
*ma-tawa |
|
1 |
|
49 |
to lie down
|
*ma-liku |
|
|
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
*muxax |
|
84 |
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
*maxu-Nəb |
|
51, 52 |
|
84 |
to plant |
*t<m>anəm |
|
2 |
|
93 |
to pound, beat
|
*p-i-a-xa-xaup |
|
71 |
|
64 |
to say |
*ma-su-su |
|
126 |
|
77 |
to scratch
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
to see |
*k<m>ita |
|
1 |
|
67 |
to sew
|
*t<m>ahi |
|
|
|
70 |
to shoot
|
*ma-təku-təkux |
also: pa-lətu (?) |
53 |
|
51 |
to sit |
*m-i-rung |
|
57 |
|
48 |
to sleep |
*ma-iθip |
|
108 |
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
*θ<m>a-θangux |
'to smell' |
26, 70 |
|
36 |
to spit |
*ma-[d]ipax |
|
74 |
|
80 |
to split
|
? *pa-p-u-duha |
lit. 'make into two' |
68 |
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
*talding |
< UM talding |
92 |
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
|
|
|
|
52 |
to stand |
*m-i-tuku |
|
100 |
|
73 |
to steal |
*ha-uθung |
|
63 |
|
42 |
to suck |
*ma-uhu |
*ma-uhu 'to suck (baby)' |
25 |
|
42 |
to suck |
*s<m>ipsip? |
|
1 |
|
87 |
to swell
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
to swim |
*l<m>anguy |
|
1 |
|
21 |
to think |
päx-dəmdəm |
|
13 |
|
94 |
to throw
|
*m-aθing |
|
120 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
*hali- |
|
|
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
*buxut |
|
50 |
|
8 |
to turn
|
*maxu-vering |
|
4 |
|
35 |
to vomit |
*m-uta |
|
1 |
|
5 |
to walk |
*d<m>a-darang |
|
21 |
|
83 |
to work
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
to yawn |
*ma-xuap |
|
1 |
|
32 |
tongue |
*θira |
|
4 |
|
31 |
tooth |
*walix |
|
2 |
|
207 |
Twenty
|
*θuha ki tian |
|
2 |
|
198 |
Two
|
*-θuha |
|
1 |
|
138 |
warm
|
*ma-dalat |
|
113 |
|
122 |
water
|
*θalum |
|
1 |
|
185 |
we
|
*i-mian |
|
2 |
|
185 |
we
|
*i-mita |
|
1 |
|
141 |
wet |
*ma-hala |
|
120 |
|
188 |
what?
|
*mang |
|
40 |
|
188 |
what?
|
*ma-mang |
|
40 |
|
170 |
when?
|
*manu |
|
87 |
|
181 |
where?
|
*tu mang |
|
90 |
|
148 |
white |
*ma-puNi |
|
111 |
|
189 |
who?
|
*ti mang |
|
2 |
|
159 |
wide |
|
|
|
|
58 |
wife |
*k-ixa-ən |
(less likely: *k-axa-ən) |
108 |
|
136 |
wind |
*bari |
|
2 |
|
100 |
wing |
*paliθ |
|
2 |
|
55 |
woman/female |
*ina |
|
30 |
|
127 |
woods/forest |
*buxung |
only in UM (vuxong) |
53 |
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
*kuray |
|
2 |
|
169 |
year |
*tawil |
|
1, 22 |
|
150 |
yellow |
*ma-kulian |
|
1 |
|
186 |
you |
*i-mumi |
|
1, 31 |
|