Language: Pukapuka
Source/Author: | Mary & Kevin Salisbury | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:pkp Glottocode: puka1242 | |
Notes: | *s > y (y = ð) *f > w | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Mary Salisbury Checked By: Mary Salisbury | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:Central Pacific:East Fijian-Polynesian:Polynesian:Nuclear:Samoic-Outlier:Pukapuka | |
Map |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing 3 of 54 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated to remove morpheme boundaries: waka/manga -> wakamanga (Word 47) - (2024-07-17 16:02:39)
- Updated to remove morpheme boundaries: waka/manga -> wakamanga (Word 47) - (2024-07-17 16:02:39)
- Changed from "yua " (Word 122) - Mary Walworth (2022-11-15 01:43:02)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | hand | lima | 1, 64 | ||
2 | left | māyui | 1, 59, 74 | ||
3 | right | mātau | 5, 13 | ||
4 | leg/foot | vae | 1, 100 | ||
5 | to walk | yaele | sg. | 6 | |
5 | to walk | yāeleele | pl. - because there is a reduplication, macrons don't span morpheme boundaries | 6 | |
6 | road/path | ala | 1 | ||
6 | road/path | ngutuala | 1 | ||
7 | to come | yau | (sg) | 44 | |
7 | to come | lōmamai | (pl) | 1 | |
7 | to come | ōmamai | (pl) | 1 | |
7 | to come | wōmamai | (pl) | 1 | |
7 | to come | lolo mai | 1 | ||
8 | to turn | wuli | 15 | ||
8 | to turn | paniwi | 26 | ||
8 | to turn | niniwi | 26 | ||
8 | to turn | tipa | |||
8 | to turn | pale | 11 | ||
8 | to turn | uwe | 27 | ||
9 | to swim | kakau | 5 | ||
9 | to swim | tākele | |||
10 | dirty | lepo | 9 | ||
10 | dirty | pakuongea | 37 | ||
10 | dirty | palanui | 7 | ||
11 | dust | lewu | 1, 68 | ||
12 | skin | pākili | 1, 11 | ||
12 | skin | kili | 1 | ||
13 | back | tua | 11 | ||
13 | back | muli | back, rear [not certain this is 'back' as in the body part-MW] | 3 | |
14 | belly | manava | 9 | ||
15 | bone | ivi | 52, 5 | ||
16 | intestines | ngākau | 12 | ||
16 | intestines | taepili | |||
17 | liver | ate | 1 | ||
18 | breast | uma | 7 | ||
18 | breast | wū | 1 | ||
18 | breast | aloalo | 43 | ||
19 | shoulder | pokoivi | 8 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | iloa | sg | 13 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | īloloa | pl | 13 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | mau | 122 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | māwutu | 122 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | wanewane | |||
21 | to think | manatu | 9 | ||
21 | to think | mayala | 8 | ||
21 | to think | manako | 7 | ||
22 | to fear | mataku | sg. | 1 | |
22 | to fear | mātataku | pl. | 1 | |
23 | blood | toto | 4 | ||
24 | head | ulu | 1 | ||
25 | neck | u(w)a | 18 | ||
25 | neck | kakī | 20 | ||
26 | hair | lauulu | 40 | ||
26 | hair | wuluwulu | body hair, feather | 31 | |
27 | nose | iyu | 1 | ||
28 | to breathe | akaea | 80 | ||
29 | to sniff, smell | yongi | 9 | ||
30 | mouth | ngutu | 2 | ||
31 | tooth | nio | 1 | ||
32 | tongue | alelo | 15 | ||
33 | to laugh | kata | k?kata = (pl) | 7 | |
33 | to laugh | kākata | k?kata = (pl) | 7 | |
34 | to cry | tangi | sound, cry (sg) | 1 | |
34 | to cry | wetangi | cry (pl) | 1 | |
34 | to cry | tatangi | sound (pl) | 1 | |
35 | to vomit | lua | 8 | ||
35 | to vomit | luaki | 8, 31 | ||
36 | to spit | puaki | 16 | ||
36 | to spit | yuuvale | to spit/spittle | 18 | |
37 | to eat | kai | 1, 47 | ||
37 | to eat | kaikai | 1, 47 | ||
37 | to eat | lamulamu | |||
37 | to eat | taumamaya | |||
37 | to eat | tamitami | |||
38 | to chew | ngaungau | 8 | ||
39 | to cook | tunu | 9 | ||
39 | to cook | tunu pāni | 9 | ||
39 | to cook | tao | 'cook in oven' | 10 | |
40 | to drink | inu | 1 | ||
41 | to bite | kati | 1, 55 | ||
42 | to suck | miti | 8 | ||
42 | to suck | ngote | 9 | ||
43 | ear | talinga | 1 | ||
44 | to hear | longo | 1 | ||
44 | to hear | langona | 1, 83 | ||
45 | eye | mata | 1 | ||
46 | to see | kite | 1 | ||
46 | to see | kitea | 1 | ||
47 | to yawn | wakamanga | Pollex 06: Waka/manga. :Yawn (Sby). | 19, 28 | |
48 | to sleep | moe | 10, 109 | ||
48 | to sleep | momoe | pl | 10, 109 | |
48 | to sleep | lowi | |||
49 | to lie down | takoto | 7, 10 | ||
49 | to lie down | moe ki lalo | 6 | ||
50 | to dream | miti | 36 | ||
50 | to dream | moemiti | 7, 36 | ||
51 | to sit | nō | (sg) | 16 | |
51 | to sit | nōnō | (pl) | 16 | |
52 | to stand | tū | (sg) | 2 | |
52 | to stand | wetū | (pl) | 2 | |
53 | person/human being | tangata | 1, 66, 97 | ||
53 | person/human being | tama | 1 | ||
53 | person/human being | kovi | |||
54 | man/male | tāne | 1, 11 | ||
55 | woman/female | wawine | (sg) | 1, 106 | |
55 | woman/female | wāwine | (pl) *f > w | 1, 106 | |
56 | child | tamaiti | (sg) | 6, 64 | |
56 | child | tamaliki | (pl) | 6, 63 | |
57 | husband | tāne | 14 | ||
58 | wife | wawine | 5, 68 | ||
59 | mother | matua wawine | 4 | ||
60 | father | matua tāne | 9 | ||
61 | house | wale | 14 | ||
62 | thatch/roof | ato | 1 | ||
63 | name | ingoa | 6 | ||
64 | to say | mea | |||
65 | rope | taula | 9 | ||
65 | rope | kawa | 74 | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | yele | 14 | ||
67 | to sew | tui | 13, 16 | ||
68 | needle | nila | L from English | L | |
69 | to hunt | yākili | wuli (of crabs) | ||
69 | to hunt | ulu | wuli (of crabs) | ||
69 | to hunt | wuli | wuli (of crabs) | ||
70 | to shoot | wena | 1 | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | yuki | 11 | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | kō | Pukapuka agreement tempting but probably not cognate | 100 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | yoka | to stab, pierce, husk coconuts | 11 | |
72 | to hit | patu | 7 | ||
72 | to hit | vayi | 10 | ||
73 | to steal | kaiā | 7 | ||
74 | to kill | patu | 9 | ||
75 | to die, be dead | mate | 1 | ||
75 | to die, be dead | payako | |||
75 | to die, be dead | palewe | 41 | ||
75 | to die, be dead | palewa | 41 | ||
75 | to die, be dead | pānakia | |||
76 | to live, be alive | ola | (sg) | 6 | |
76 | to live, be alive | ōla | (pl) | 6 | |
77 | to scratch | laku | 9 | ||
78 | to cut, hack | koti | 9 | ||
78 | to cut, hack | yemu | |||
79 | stick/wood | lākau | 1, 26 | ||
80 | to split | vayi | 4 | ||
80 | to split | vavayi | 4 | ||
81 | sharp | kokoi | L from EP | 14, 66 | L |
81 | sharp | niniva | |||
82 | dull, blunt | tuma | 10 | ||
82 | dull, blunt | penu | 12 | ||
83 | to work | angānga | 10 | ||
83 | to work | yanga | 10 | ||
84 | to plant | toki | 4, 5 | ||
84 | to plant | tanu | 2 | ||
84 | to plant | poki | 4, 5? | ||
85 | to choose | wili | 1 | ||
85 | to choose | kimi | |||
86 | to grow | tupu | 1 | ||
87 | to swell | pupute | 30 | ||
88 | to squeeze | kume | 14 | ||
88 | to squeeze | kuku | 14 | ||
89 | to hold | liko | |||
89 | to hold | tango | 14 | ||
90 | to dig | keli | 1 | ||
90 | to dig | tolo | |||
91 | to buy | oko | 7 | ||
92 | to open, uncover | wuke | 1, 63 | ||
92 | to open, uncover | wuwuke | 1, 63 | ||
92 | to open, uncover | yuke | 81 | ||
92 | to open, uncover | yuyuke | 81 | ||
93 | to pound, beat | patupatu | |||
93 | to pound, beat | tukituki | 2 | ||
94 | to throw | tili | 9 | ||
94 | to throw | kamo | |||
94 | to throw | newu | |||
94 | to throw | uti | |||
95 | to fall | makulu | 11 | ||
95 | to fall | yinga | to fall over (sg.) | 44 | |
95 | to fall | pangulu | 59 | ||
95 | to fall | tō | 14 | ||
95 | to fall | yīyinga | to fall over (pl.) | 44 | |
96 | dog | kulī | 7 | ||
96 | dog | puakaoa | |||
97 | bird | manu | 1 | ||
98 | egg | wua | 5 | ||
98 | egg | wuamoa | 5 | ||
99 | feather | wulu | 1 | ||
100 | wing | kapakapa | 1, 39 | ||
100 | wing | pakayau | 1, 59, 88 | ||
101 | to fly | pepeke | pepeke | ||
101 | to fly | welele | welele (pl) | 11 | |
101 | to fly | lele | lele (sg) | 11 | |
102 | rat | kiole | 12 | ||
103 | meat/flesh | kiko | 10 | ||
104 | fat/grease | matū | 75 | ||
104 | fat/grease | ngako | 14 | ||
104 | fat/grease | tutuyi | |||
104 | fat/grease | tōngāua | fat on abdominal wall | ||
105 | tail | yiku | 13 | ||
106 | snake | ōvī | L from Greek via Rarotongan | L | |
107 | worm (earthworm) | veli | |||
108 | louse | wutu | 'louse' | 1 | |
108 | louse | lia | 'nit' | 1 | |
109 | mosquito | namu | 1 | ||
110 | spider | mangamanga | 58 | ||
111 | fish | ika | 1 | ||
112 | rotten | papala | 13 | ||
112 | rotten | eku | 86 | ||
112 | rotten | vī | 85 | ||
113 | branch | lā | 1 | ||
114 | leaf | lau | 1 | ||
115 | root | aka | 2 | ||
116 | flower | tiale | 7 | ||
116 | flower | pua | 1 | ||
117 | fruit | wua | 1 | ||
118 | grass | vayavaya | |||
119 | earth/soil | kelekele | 'earth' | 10 | |
119 | earth/soil | palapala | 'mud' | 32 | |
120 | stone | watu | 1 | ||
121 | sand | kelekele | 30, 74 | ||
121 | sand | tini | |||
121 | sand | one | 1 | ||
122 | water | yua | |||
123 | to flow | yeke | 36 | ||
124 | sea | tai | 1 | ||
124 | sea | moana | 10 | ||
125 | salt | miti | 7 | ||
126 | lake | loto | 6 | ||
127 | woods/forest | vao | 14 | ||
128 | sky | langi | 1 | ||
129 | moon | maina | 37, 5 | ||
130 | star | mata | wet? (pl) | 18 | |
130 | star | wetū | wet? (pl) | 1 | |
131 | cloud | kāpuao | 12, 67 | ||
132 | fog | ||||
133 | rain | u(w)a | 1 | ||
134 | thunder | watitili | 14 | ||
135 | lightning | uwila | 2 | ||
136 | wind | matangi | 1, 66 | ||
137 | to blow | āngi | 8 | ||
137 | to blow | puyi | 6 | ||
138 | warm | māyana | 1, 72 | ||
138 | warm | vela | 8 | ||
139 | cold | makalili | 1, 52 | ||
139 | cold | anu | 8 | ||
139 | cold | ano | 8 | ||
140 | dry | pakapaka | make dry | 12 | |
140 | dry | wakapakapaka | make dry | 12 | |
140 | dry | omoi | wipe dry | 92? | |
141 | wet | yuyū | 11 | ||
142 | heavy | taenawa | |||
142 | heavy | taewana | |||
143 | fire | awi | 1 | ||
144 | to burn | tutu | 1, 6 | ||
145 | smoke | au | 2 | ||
146 | ash | lewulewu | 67 | ||
146 | ash | malamala | |||
147 | black | uyi | 7 | ||
147 | black | uli | 7 | ||
148 | white | kena | 10 | ||
148 | white | mumuka | |||
149 | red | kula | 13 | ||
149 | red | melo | 1, 16 | ||
150 | yellow | yengayenga | 10? | ||
151 | green | yengayenga | 'yellowy green' | ||
151 | green | uyingele | 'dark green' | ||
152 | small | lewu | lewu (sg) | ||
152 | small | liliki | liliki (pl) | 66 | |
153 | big | wolo | 'big, many' | ||
153 | big | wowolo | 'big, many' | ||
153 | big | tongi | 'big in size' | ||
154 | short | poto | all in height and length | 9 | |
154 | short | pūnekeneke | all in height and length | 8? | |
154 | short | pūpoto | all in height and length | 9 | |
155 | long | loa | 12, 105 | ||
156 | thin | lalawi | 5 | ||
156 | thin | tutule | thin (of people) | ||
157 | thick | mātolu | 3 | ||
158 | narrow | kakō | 26? | ||
158 | narrow | koyīti | |||
158 | narrow | kauliliki | 84 | ||
159 | wide | lapalapa | 48 | ||
160 | painful, sick | tingā | painful | ||
160 | painful, sick | maki | sick | 1 | |
161 | shy, ashamed | mā | 1 | ||
161 | shy, ashamed | akamā | 1 | ||
162 | old | pōvī | n. old person | ||
162 | old | matua | old, mature | 1 | |
163 | new | wou | 1 | ||
164 | good | lelei | 17 | ||
164 | good | tauyala | |||
164 | good | kalule | |||
164 | good | leka | 14 | ||
165 | bad, evil | kino | 9 | ||
166 | correct, true | yako | 107 | ||
166 | correct, true | tika | L from EP lgs | 9 | L |
166 | correct, true | tano | 8 | ||
166 | correct, true | tautonu | 8 | ||
167 | night | pō | 1 | ||
168 | day | ayo | 'day' | 1, 54 | |
168 | day | ao | 'daytime' | 1, 54 | |
169 | year | matawiti | 7 | ||
169 | year | tākalonga | |||
170 | when? | wea | 5 | ||
171 | to hide | nanā | 17 | ||
172 | to climb | kake | 32 | ||
172 | to climb | wiwiti ki lunga | 6 | ||
173 | at | i | 1 | ||
174 | in, inside | loto | 5 | ||
175 | above | lunga | 9 | ||
176 | below | lalo | 8 | ||
177 | this | nei | 1 | ||
177 | this | tēnei | 7, 1 | ||
177 | this | ēnei | 1 | ||
178 | that | nā | 1 | ||
178 | that | lā | 65 | ||
178 | that | ia | 1 | ||
178 | that | tēnā | 1 | ||
178 | that | tēlā | 65 | ||
178 | that | te(e)ia | 1 | ||
179 | near | pili | 30 | ||
179 | near | vātata | 9 | ||
180 | far | mamao | 13 | ||
181 | where? | i wea | 3, 35 | ||
182 | I | au | 1, 21 | ||
182 | I | ēku | (agentive) | x | |
182 | I | aku | (preverbal) | x | |
183 | thou | koe | koe | 1 | |
183 | thou | au | au (preverbal) | ||
183 | thou | -ou | -ou after ko | ||
184 | he/she | iāna | i?na | 1 | |
184 | he/she | ēna | ?na | 1 | |
184 | he/she | ana | ana (preverbal) | 1 | |
184 | he/she | -ona | -ona (after ko) | 5 | |
185 | we | tāua | 1, 29 | ||
185 | we | tātou | 1, 39 | ||
185 | we | māua | 2, 29 | ||
185 | we | mātou | 2, 39 | ||
185 | we | a māua | 2, 29 | ||
185 | we | a tāua | 1, 29 | ||
186 | you | kōlua | x | ||
186 | you | kōtou | 16 | ||
187 | they | lāua | x | ||
187 | they | lātou | 1, 72 | ||
188 | what? | wea | 83 | ||
189 | who? | ai | 1 | ||
190 | other | toe | 'another' | ||
190 | other | kē | 'other, different' | 8? | |
191 | all | wī | |||
191 | all | wui | |||
191 | all | tākatoa | 13 | ||
191 | all | katoa(toa) | 13 | ||
191 | all | pau | 59 | ||
192 | and | ma | 2 | ||
193 | if | pē | if | 28 | |
193 | if | mē | if only | 5 | |
193 | if | pī | 28 | ||
194 | how? | pēwea | 11 | ||
195 | no, not | ē kole | no | 11 | |
195 | no, not | yē | verbal neg | 13 | |
195 | no, not | kiai | neg past, nom neg | 10, 83 | |
195 | no, not | kāe | neg exist | 10, 83 | |
195 | no, not | kāyi | neg exist | 10, 83 | |
195 | no, not | kāni | neg exist | ||
195 | no, not | kākole | neg exist | 11 | |
196 | to count | kauwi | 8 | ||
196 | to count | wakalau | 62 | ||
196 | to count | tatau | 8, 80 | ||
197 | One | tayi | 41 | ||
198 | Two | lua | 1 | ||
199 | Three | tolu | 1 | ||
200 | Four | wā | 1, 66 | ||
201 | Five | lima | 1 | ||
202 | Six | ono | Six (Bge).(Source: Pollex) | 1 | |
203 | Seven | witu | Seven (Bge).(Source: Pollex) | 1 | |
204 | Eight | valu | 3 | ||
205 | Nine | iva | Nine (Bge).(Source: Pollex) | 5, 44 | |
206 | Ten | laungaulu | 5 | ||
207 | Twenty | tinolua | 20 people | 3 | |
207 | Twenty | luangaulu | L from Rarotongan | 3, 6 | L |
207 | Twenty | laulua | traditional Puk. | 5 | |
208 | Fifty | limangaulu | L from Rarotongan | 1 | L |
208 | Fifty | laulima | traditional | 13 | |
208 | Fifty | tinolima | 50 people | ||
209 | One Hundred | lau | 2 | ||
209 | One Hundred | ānele | L from English | 11 | L |
209 | One Hundred | tino-we-lau | 100 people | 2 | |
210 | One Thousand | mano | 2 |