Language: Pukapuka
| Source/Author: | Mary & Kevin Salisbury | |
|---|---|---|
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:pkp Glottocode: puka1242 | |
| Notes: | *s > y (y = ð) *f > w | |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Mary Salisbury Checked By: Mary Salisbury | |
| Statistics: |
| |
| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:Central Pacific:East Fijian-Polynesian:Polynesian:Nuclear:Samoic-Outlier:Pukapuka | |
| Map | ||
Resources:
Change History:
Showing 3 of 54 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated to remove morpheme boundaries: waka/manga -> wakamanga (Word 47) - (2024-07-17 16:02:39)
- Updated to remove morpheme boundaries: waka/manga -> wakamanga (Word 47) - (2024-07-17 16:02:39)
- Changed from "yua " (Word 122) - Mary Walworth (2022-11-15 01:43:02)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | lima | 1, 64 | ||
| 2 | left | māyui | 1, 59, 74 | ||
| 3 | right | mātau | 5, 13 | ||
| 4 | leg/foot | vae | 1, 100 | ||
| 5 | to walk | yaele | sg. | 6 | |
| 5 | to walk | yāeleele | pl. - because there is a reduplication, macrons don't span morpheme boundaries | 6 | |
| 6 | road/path | ala | 1 | ||
| 6 | road/path | ngutuala | 1 | ||
| 7 | to come | yau | (sg) | 44 | |
| 7 | to come | lōmamai | (pl) | 1 | |
| 7 | to come | ōmamai | (pl) | 1 | |
| 7 | to come | wōmamai | (pl) | 1 | |
| 7 | to come | lolo mai | 1 | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
wuli | 15 | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
paniwi | 26 | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
niniwi | 26 | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
tipa | |||
| 8 | to turn
|
pale | 11 | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
uwe | 27 | ||
| 9 | to swim | kakau | 5 | ||
| 9 | to swim | tākele | |||
| 10 | dirty | lepo | 9 | ||
| 10 | dirty | pakuongea | 37 | ||
| 10 | dirty | palanui | 7 | ||
| 11 | dust | lewu | 1, 68 | ||
| 12 | skin | pākili | 1, 11 | ||
| 12 | skin | kili | 1 | ||
| 13 | back
|
tua | 11 | ||
| 13 | back
|
muli | back, rear [not certain this is 'back' as in the body part-MW] | 3 | |
| 14 | belly | manava | 9 | ||
| 15 | bone | ivi | 52, 5 | ||
| 16 | intestines | ngākau | 12 | ||
| 16 | intestines | taepili | |||
| 17 | liver | ate | 1 | ||
| 18 | breast | uma | 7 | ||
| 18 | breast | wū | 1 | ||
| 18 | breast | aloalo | 43 | ||
| 19 | shoulder | pokoivi | 8 | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | iloa | sg | 13 | |
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | īloloa | pl | 13 | |
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | mau | 122 | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | māwutu | 122 | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | wanewane | |||
| 21 | to think | manatu | 9 | ||
| 21 | to think | mayala | 8 | ||
| 21 | to think | manako | 7 | ||
| 22 | to fear | mataku | sg. | 1 | |
| 22 | to fear | mātataku | pl. | 1 | |
| 23 | blood | toto | 4 | ||
| 24 | head | ulu | 1 | ||
| 25 | neck | u(w)a | 18 | ||
| 25 | neck | kakī | 20 | ||
| 26 | hair
|
lauulu | 40 | ||
| 26 | hair
|
wuluwulu | body hair, feather | 31 | |
| 27 | nose | iyu | 1 | ||
| 28 | to breathe | akaea | 80 | ||
| 29 | to sniff, smell | yongi | 9 | ||
| 30 | mouth | ngutu | 2 | ||
| 31 | tooth | nio | 1 | ||
| 32 | tongue | alelo | 15 | ||
| 33 | to laugh | kata | k?kata = (pl) | 7 | |
| 33 | to laugh | kākata | k?kata = (pl) | 7 | |
| 34 | to cry | tangi | sound, cry (sg) | 1 | |
| 34 | to cry | wetangi | cry (pl) | 1 | |
| 34 | to cry | tatangi | sound (pl) | 1 | |
| 35 | to vomit | lua | 8 | ||
| 35 | to vomit | luaki | 8, 31 | ||
| 36 | to spit | puaki | 16 | ||
| 36 | to spit | yuuvale | to spit/spittle | 18 | |
| 37 | to eat | kai | 1, 47 | ||
| 37 | to eat | kaikai | 1, 47 | ||
| 37 | to eat | lamulamu | |||
| 37 | to eat | taumamaya | |||
| 37 | to eat | tamitami | |||
| 38 | to chew
|
ngaungau | 8 | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
tunu | 9 | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
tunu pāni | 9 | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
tao | 'cook in oven' | 10 | |
| 40 | to drink | inu | 1 | ||
| 41 | to bite | kati | 1, 55 | ||
| 42 | to suck | miti | 8 | ||
| 42 | to suck | ngote | 9 | ||
| 43 | ear | talinga | 1 | ||
| 44 | to hear | longo | 1 | ||
| 44 | to hear | langona | 1, 83 | ||
| 45 | eye | mata | 1 | ||
| 46 | to see | kite | 1 | ||
| 46 | to see | kitea | 1 | ||
| 47 | to yawn | wakamanga | Pollex 06: Waka/manga. :Yawn (Sby). | 19, 28 | |
| 48 | to sleep | moe | 10, 109 | ||
| 48 | to sleep | momoe | pl | 10, 109 | |
| 48 | to sleep | lowi | |||
| 49 | to lie down
|
takoto | 7, 10 | ||
| 49 | to lie down
|
moe ki lalo | 6 | ||
| 50 | to dream | miti | 36 | ||
| 50 | to dream | moemiti | 7, 36 | ||
| 51 | to sit | nō | (sg) | 16 | |
| 51 | to sit | nōnō | (pl) | 16 | |
| 52 | to stand | tū | (sg) | 2 | |
| 52 | to stand | wetū | (pl) | 2 | |
| 53 | person/human being | tangata | 1, 66, 97 | ||
| 53 | person/human being | tama | 1 | ||
| 53 | person/human being | kovi | |||
| 54 | man/male | tāne | 1, 11 | ||
| 55 | woman/female | wawine | (sg) | 1, 106 | |
| 55 | woman/female | wāwine | (pl) *f > w | 1, 106 | |
| 56 | child | tamaiti | (sg) | 6, 64 | |
| 56 | child | tamaliki | (pl) | 6, 63 | |
| 57 | husband | tāne | 14 | ||
| 58 | wife | wawine | 5, 68 | ||
| 59 | mother | matua wawine | 4 | ||
| 60 | father | matua tāne | 9 | ||
| 61 | house | wale | 14 | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | ato | 1 | ||
| 63 | name | ingoa | 6 | ||
| 64 | to say | mea | |||
| 65 | rope | taula | 9 | ||
| 65 | rope | kawa | 74 | ||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | yele | 14 | ||
| 67 | to sew
|
tui | 13, 16 | ||
| 68 | needle | nila | L from English | 16 | L |
| 69 | to hunt
|
yākili | wuli (of crabs) | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
ulu | wuli (of crabs) | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
wuli | wuli (of crabs) | ||
| 70 | to shoot
|
wena | 1 | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | yuki | 11 | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | kō | Pukapuka agreement tempting but probably not cognate | 100 | |
| 71 | to stab, pierce | yoka | to stab, pierce, husk coconuts | 11 | |
| 72 | to hit
|
patu | 7 | ||
| 72 | to hit
|
vayi | 10 | ||
| 73 | to steal | kaiā | 7 | ||
| 74 | to kill | patu | 9 | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead | mate | 1 | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead | payako | |||
| 75 | to die, be dead | palewe | 41 | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead | palewa | 41 | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead | pānakia | |||
| 76 | to live, be alive | ola | (sg) | 6 | |
| 76 | to live, be alive | ōla | (pl) | 6 | |
| 77 | to scratch
|
laku | 9 | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
koti | 9 | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
yemu | |||
| 79 | stick/wood | lākau | 1, 26 | ||
| 80 | to split
|
vayi | 4 | ||
| 80 | to split
|
vavayi | 4 | ||
| 81 | sharp | kokoi | L from EP | 14, 66 | L |
| 81 | sharp | niniva | |||
| 82 | dull, blunt | tuma | 10 | ||
| 82 | dull, blunt | penu | 12 | ||
| 83 | to work
|
angānga | 10 | ||
| 83 | to work
|
yanga | 10 | ||
| 84 | to plant | toki | 4, 5 | ||
| 84 | to plant | tanu | 2 | ||
| 84 | to plant | poki | 4, 5? | ||
| 85 | to choose | wili | 1 | ||
| 85 | to choose | kimi | |||
| 86 | to grow
|
tupu | 1 | ||
| 87 | to swell
|
pupute | 30 | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
kume | 14 | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
kuku | 14 | ||
| 89 | to hold
|
liko | 90 | ||
| 89 | to hold
|
tango | 14 | ||
| 90 | to dig | keli | 1 | ||
| 90 | to dig | tolo | |||
| 91 | to buy | oko | 7 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | wuke | 1, 63 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | wuwuke | 1, 63 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | yuke | 81 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | yuyuke | 81 | ||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
patupatu | |||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
tukituki | 2 | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
tili | 9 | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
kamo | |||
| 94 | to throw
|
newu | |||
| 94 | to throw
|
uti | 15 | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
makulu | 11 | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
yinga | to fall over (sg.) | 44 | |
| 95 | to fall
|
pangulu | 59 | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
tō | 14 | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
yīyinga | to fall over (pl.) | 44 | |
| 96 | dog | kulī | 7 | ||
| 96 | dog | puakaoa | |||
| 97 | bird | manu | 1 | ||
| 98 | egg | wua | 5 | ||
| 98 | egg | wuamoa | 5 | ||
| 99 | feather | wulu | 1 | ||
| 100 | wing | kapakapa | 1, 39 | ||
| 100 | wing | pakayau | 1, 59, 88 | ||
| 101 | to fly | pepeke | pepeke | ||
| 101 | to fly | welele | welele (pl) | 11 | |
| 101 | to fly | lele | lele (sg) | 11 | |
| 102 | rat | kiole | 12 | ||
| 103 | meat/flesh | kiko | 10 | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | matū | 75 | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | ngako | 14 | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | tutuyi | |||
| 104 | fat/grease | tōngāua | fat on abdominal wall | ||
| 105 | tail | yiku | 13 | ||
| 106 | snake | ōvī | L from Greek via Rarotongan | L | |
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | veli | |||
| 108 | louse
|
wutu | 'louse' | 1 | |
| 108 | louse
|
lia | 'nit' | 1 | |
| 109 | mosquito | namu | 1 | ||
| 110 | spider | mangamanga | 58 | ||
| 111 | fish | ika | 1 | ||
| 112 | rotten
|
papala | 13 | ||
| 112 | rotten
|
eku | 86 | ||
| 112 | rotten
|
vī | 85 | ||
| 113 | branch
|
lā | 1 | ||
| 114 | leaf | lau | 1 | ||
| 115 | root | aka | 2 | ||
| 116 | flower | tiale | 7 | ||
| 116 | flower | pua | 1 | ||
| 117 | fruit | wua | 1 | ||
| 118 | grass | vayavaya | |||
| 119 | earth/soil | kelekele | 'earth' | 10 | |
| 119 | earth/soil | palapala | 'mud' | 32 | |
| 120 | stone | watu | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | kelekele | 30, 74 | ||
| 121 | sand | tini | |||
| 121 | sand | one | 1 | ||
| 122 | water
|
yua | |||
| 123 | to flow | yeke | 36 | ||
| 124 | sea | tai | 1 | ||
| 124 | sea | moana | 10 | ||
| 125 | salt | miti | 7 | ||
| 126 | lake | loto | 6 | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | vao | 14 | ||
| 128 | sky | langi | 1 | ||
| 129 | moon | maina | 37, 5 | ||
| 130 | star | mata | wet? (pl) | 18 | |
| 130 | star | wetū | wet? (pl) | 1 | |
| 131 | cloud
|
kāpuao | 12, 67 | ||
| 132 | fog | |
|||
| 133 | rain | u(w)a | 1 | ||
| 134 | thunder | watitili | 14 | ||
| 135 | lightning | uwila | 2 | ||
| 136 | wind | matangi | 1, 66 | ||
| 137 | to blow
|
āngi | 8 | ||
| 137 | to blow
|
puyi | 6 | ||
| 138 | warm
|
māyana | 1, 72 | ||
| 138 | warm
|
vela | 8 | ||
| 139 | cold
|
makalili | 1, 52 | ||
| 139 | cold
|
anu | 8 | ||
| 139 | cold
|
ano | 8 | ||
| 140 | dry
|
pakapaka | make dry | 12 | |
| 140 | dry
|
wakapakapaka | make dry | 12 | |
| 140 | dry
|
omoi | wipe dry | 92? | |
| 141 | wet | yuyū | 11 | ||
| 142 | heavy | taenawa | |||
| 142 | heavy | taewana | |||
| 143 | fire | awi | 1 | ||
| 144 | to burn
|
tutu | 1, 6 | ||
| 145 | smoke
|
au | 2 | ||
| 146 | ash | lewulewu | 67 | ||
| 146 | ash | malamala | |||
| 147 | black | uyi | 7 | ||
| 147 | black | uli | 7 | ||
| 148 | white | kena | 10 | ||
| 148 | white | mumuka | |||
| 149 | red | kula | 13 | ||
| 149 | red | melo | 1, 16 | ||
| 150 | yellow | yengayenga | 10? | ||
| 151 | green | yengayenga | 'yellowy green' | ||
| 151 | green | uyingele | 'dark green' | ||
| 152 | small | lewu | lewu (sg) | ||
| 152 | small | liliki | liliki (pl) | 66 | |
| 153 | big | wolo | 'big, many' | ||
| 153 | big | wowolo | 'big, many' | ||
| 153 | big | tongi | 'big in size' | ||
| 154 | short
|
poto | all in height and length | 9 | |
| 154 | short
|
pūnekeneke | all in height and length | 8? | |
| 154 | short
|
pūpoto | all in height and length | 9 | |
| 155 | long
|
loa | 12, 105 | ||
| 156 | thin
|
lalawi | 5 | ||
| 156 | thin
|
tutule | thin (of people) | ||
| 157 | thick
|
mātolu | 3 | ||
| 158 | narrow | kakō | 26? | ||
| 158 | narrow | koyīti | |||
| 158 | narrow | kauliliki | 84 | ||
| 159 | wide | lapalapa | 48 | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | tingā | painful | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | maki | sick | 1 | |
| 161 | shy, ashamed | mā | 1 | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed | akamā | 1 | ||
| 162 | old
|
pōvī | n. old person | ||
| 162 | old
|
matua | old, mature | 1 | |
| 163 | new | wou | 1 | ||
| 164 | good | lelei | 17 | ||
| 164 | good | tauyala | |||
| 164 | good | kalule | |||
| 164 | good | leka | 14 | ||
| 165 | bad, evil | kino | 9 | ||
| 166 | correct, true | yako | 107 | ||
| 166 | correct, true | tika | L from EP lgs | 9 | L |
| 166 | correct, true | tano | 8 | ||
| 166 | correct, true | tautonu | 8 | ||
| 167 | night | pō | 1 | ||
| 168 | day | ayo | 'day' | 1, 54 | |
| 168 | day | ao | 'daytime' | 1, 54 | |
| 169 | year | matawiti | 7 | ||
| 169 | year | tākalonga | |||
| 170 | when?
|
wea | 5 | ||
| 171 | to hide
|
nanā | 17 | ||
| 172 | to climb
|
kake | 32 | ||
| 172 | to climb
|
wiwiti ki lunga | 6 | ||
| 173 | at | i | 1 | ||
| 174 | in, inside | loto | 5 | ||
| 175 | above | lunga | 9 | ||
| 176 | below | lalo | 8 | ||
| 177 | this | nei | 1 | ||
| 177 | this | tēnei | 7, 1 | ||
| 177 | this | ēnei | 1 | ||
| 178 | that | nā | 1 | ||
| 178 | that | lā | 65 | ||
| 178 | that | ia | 1 | ||
| 178 | that | tēnā | 1 | ||
| 178 | that | tēlā | 65 | ||
| 178 | that | te(e)ia | 1 | ||
| 179 | near | pili | 30 | ||
| 179 | near | vātata | 9 | ||
| 180 | far | mamao | 13 | ||
| 181 | where?
|
i wea | 3, 35 | ||
| 182 | I | au | 1, 21 | ||
| 182 | I | ēku | (agentive) | x | |
| 182 | I | aku | (preverbal) | x | |
| 183 | thou | koe | koe | 1 | |
| 183 | thou | au | au (preverbal) | 1 | |
| 183 | thou | -ou | -ou after ko | 1 | |
| 184 | he/she | iāna | i?na | 1 | |
| 184 | he/she | ēna | ?na | 1 | |
| 184 | he/she | ana | ana (preverbal) | 1 | |
| 184 | he/she | -ona | -ona (after ko) | 5 | |
| 185 | we
|
tāua | 1, 29 | ||
| 185 | we
|
tātou | 1, 39 | ||
| 185 | we
|
māua | 2, 29 | ||
| 185 | we
|
mātou | 2, 39 | ||
| 185 | we
|
a māua | 2, 29 | ||
| 185 | we
|
a tāua | 1, 29 | ||
| 186 | you | kōlua | x | ||
| 186 | you | kōtou | 16 | ||
| 187 | they | lāua | x | ||
| 187 | they | lātou | 1, 72 | ||
| 188 | what?
|
wea | 83 | ||
| 189 | who?
|
ai | 1 | ||
| 190 | other | toe | 'another' | ||
| 190 | other | kē | 'other, different' | 8? | |
| 191 | all | wī | |||
| 191 | all | wui | |||
| 191 | all | tākatoa | 13 | ||
| 191 | all | katoa(toa) | 13 | ||
| 191 | all | pau | 59 | ||
| 192 | and | ma | 2 | ||
| 193 | if | pē | if | 28 | |
| 193 | if | mē | if only | 5 | |
| 193 | if | pī | 28 | ||
| 194 | how?
|
pēwea | 11 | ||
| 195 | no, not | ē kole | no | 11 | |
| 195 | no, not | yē | verbal neg | 13 | |
| 195 | no, not | kiai | neg past, nom neg | 10, 83 | |
| 195 | no, not | kāe | neg exist | 10, 83 | |
| 195 | no, not | kāyi | neg exist | 10, 83 | |
| 195 | no, not | kāni | neg exist | ||
| 195 | no, not | kākole | neg exist | 11 | |
| 196 | to count | kauwi | 8 | ||
| 196 | to count | wakalau | 62 | ||
| 196 | to count | tatau | 8, 80 | ||
| 197 | One
|
tayi | 41 | ||
| 198 | Two
|
lua | 1 | ||
| 199 | Three
|
tolu | 1 | ||
| 200 | Four
|
wā | 1, 66 | ||
| 201 | Five
|
lima | 1 | ||
| 202 | Six
|
ono | Six (Bge).(Source: Pollex) | 1 | |
| 203 | Seven
|
witu | Seven (Bge).(Source: Pollex) | 1 | |
| 204 | Eight
|
valu | 3 | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
iva | Nine (Bge).(Source: Pollex) | 5, 44 | |
| 206 | Ten
|
laungaulu | 5 | ||
| 207 | Twenty
|
tinolua | 20 people | 3 | |
| 207 | Twenty
|
luangaulu | L from Rarotongan | 3, 6 | L |
| 207 | Twenty
|
laulua | traditional Puk. | 5 | |
| 208 | Fifty
|
limangaulu | L from Rarotongan | 1 | L |
| 208 | Fifty
|
laulima | traditional | 13 | |
| 208 | Fifty
|
tinolima | 50 people | ||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
lau | 2 | ||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
ānele | L from English | 11 | L |
| 209 | One Hundred
|
tino-we-lau | 100 people | 2 | |
| 210 | One Thousand
|
mano | 2 |





