Language: Proto Malagasy
Source/Author: | Sander Adelaar |
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:mlg Glottocode: mala1537 |
Notes: | Two stages can be distinguished for Proto Malagasy: PMLG1 (just before the migrations of Southeast Barito speakers to East Africa); PMLG2 (language ancestral to current MLG dialects; shows a Bantu substratum + Bantu loanwords). The current list represents MLG2. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Sander Adelaar Checked By: |
Statistics: |
|
Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Greater Barito:East:Malagasy |
Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 44 entries
- Changed from "*yatuh" (Word 209) - Simon Greenhill (2024-07-21 23:43:45)
- Changed from "*maiN/*maiK" (Word 140) - Simon Greenhill (2022-02-08 00:04:36)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-09-24 01:10:53)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-05-14 03:10:14)
- Source: (Word 144) - sander (2017-09-25 15:49:08)
- Source: (Word 10) - sander (2017-09-25 15:46:29)
- Source: (Word 11) - sander (2017-09-25 15:45:02)
- Source: (Word 13) - sander (2017-09-25 15:44:29)
- Changed #345505 from "*duuk",
"?", "31",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:43:27)
- Changed #345596 from "*hena",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:43:27)
- Changed #345627 from "*seDuk",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:43:27)
- Changed #345563 from "*welum",
"", "11",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:37:36)
- Changed #345719 from "*mi-aiŋ",
"", "83",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:37:36)
- Source: (Word 76) - sander (2017-09-25 15:36:42)
- Changed #345703 from "*talukut",
"", "1",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345519 from "*maŋ-imbu",
"", "36",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345716 from "*maŋ-imbu",
"smell, sniff", "36",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345706 from "*muuk",
"1,110", "",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345707 from "*mamu",
"", "1,101",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345619 from "*aŋin",
"+ *riwuT (24) < ML", "1",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345708 from "*riwut",
"", "24",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345622 from "*tsi(N)tsiN",
"+ maN-hatsiak < S. Sul 130", "131",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345709 from "*maN- + *ha-tsiaka",
"", "130",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345710 from "*tsi(N)tsiN",
"", "131",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345664 from "*i *ahai ",
"*i *tikaN = incl. (2,75)", "76",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Changed #345711 from "*i *tikaN",
"1st person + 2nd person = inclusive", "2,75",
"" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-25 15:33:15)
- Source: (Word 103) - sander (2017-09-25 15:25:11)
- Source: (Word 19) - sander (2017-09-25 15:24:22)
- Source: (Word 29) - sander (2017-09-25 15:23:04)
- Source: (Word 29) - sander (2017-09-25 15:22:03)
- Source: (Word 37) - sander (2017-09-25 15:21:11)
- Source: (Word 194) - sander (2017-09-25 15:20:23)
- Source: (Word 194) - sander (2017-09-25 15:19:43)
- Source: (Word 185) - sander (2017-09-25 15:19:18)
- Source: (Word 139) - sander (2017-09-25 15:18:03)
- Source: (Word 139) - sander (2017-09-25 15:17:38)
- Source: (Word 136) - sander (2017-09-25 15:16:38)
- Source: (Word 109) - sander (2017-09-25 15:16:14)
- Source: (Word 109) - sander (2017-09-25 15:15:45)
- Source: (Word 83) - sander (2017-09-25 15:15:16)
- Source: (Word 43) - sander (2017-09-25 15:14:36)
- Source: (Word 13) - sander (2017-09-25 15:13:54)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2017-09-25 10:19:03)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2017-09-25 10:17:23)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
4 |
leg/foot |
|
|
|
|
21 |
to think |
|
|
|
|
70 |
to shoot
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
|
|
|
|
72 |
to hit
|
|
|
|
|
96 |
dog |
|
|
|
|
110 |
spider |
|
|
|
|
124 |
sea |
|
|
|
|
126 |
lake |
|
|
|
|
150 |
yellow |
|
|
|
|
178 |
that |
|
|
|
|
179 |
near |
|
|
|
|
144 |
to burn
|
*(C)uru |
|
98 |
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
*(h)uleT |
|
36 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
*(h)ulun |
|
17 |
|
193 |
if |
*(l,r)aha *i |
|
88 |
|
40 |
to drink |
*(u)m-inum |
|
1 |
|
89 |
to hold
|
*-ta(h)(a)N |
|
55 |
|
61 |
house |
*Daŋo |
< Banjar Malay |
18 |
L |
14 |
belly |
*Duuk |
? |
31 |
|
173 |
at |
*aN- |
|
22 |
|
191 |
all |
*abi |
< (Old) Malay *habis |
32 |
L |
143 |
fire |
*afu |
|
1 |
|
118 |
grass |
*aheT |
|
34 |
|
194 |
how?
|
*ahuan |
|
70 |
|
181 |
where?
|
*aia |
|
89 |
|
194 |
how?
|
*akuri |
uncertain etymology |
76 |
|
127 |
woods/forest |
*ala |
|
1 |
|
167 |
night |
*alem |
|
20 |
|
176 |
below |
*ambani |
< *aŋ-wa-ni 'at bottom of it' |
1 |
|
175 |
above |
*ambuni |
< *aŋ-wu-ni 'on top of it' |
2, 27 |
|
56 |
child |
*anak |
|
1 |
|
168 |
day |
*andru |
|
1 |
|
162 |
old
|
*anteT |
|
72 |
|
210 |
One Thousand
|
*ariwu |
< Malay sa-ribu |
5, 4 |
L |
17 |
liver |
*ate |
|
1 |
|
98 |
egg |
*atuli |
|
1 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
*awae |
|
1 |
|
7 |
to come |
*awe |
|
70 |
|
63 |
name |
*aŋaran |
|
1 |
|
174 |
in, inside |
*aŋateni |
< *aŋ-ate-ni 'in heart of it' |
74 |
|
136 |
wind |
*aŋin |
|
1 |
|
153 |
big |
*bey |
|
46 |
|
106 |
snake |
*bibi *lawa |
*bibi 'animal' = Bantu; *lawa 'long' |
70 |
L |
82 |
dull, blunt |
*dumbu |
|
29 |
|
200 |
Four
|
*efaT |
|
1 |
|
100 |
wing |
*elaT |
|
23 |
|
202 |
Six
|
*enem |
|
1 |
|
68 |
needle |
*fanjaiT |
|
45 |
|
121 |
sand |
*fasi[C] |
< Malay |
18 |
L |
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
*fehe |
|
139 |
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
*fia(C) |
weak etymology |
76 |
|
203 |
Seven
|
*fitu |
|
1 |
|
154 |
short
|
*fuhe |
< Bantu |
47 |
L |
206 |
Ten
|
*fulu |
|
5 |
|
148 |
white |
*futi |
|
1 |
L |
161 |
shy, ashamed |
*h<um>eŋaT |
|
80 |
|
190 |
other |
*hafa |
|
70 |
|
108 |
louse
|
*hau |
< Bantu |
33 |
L |
3 |
right |
*hawanan |
|
1, 62 |
|
2 |
left |
*hawia[n] |
|
1, 42 |
|
41 |
to bite |
*hehet |
|
20 |
|
135 |
lightning |
*helaT |
|
1 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
*hena |
|
55 |
|
111 |
fish |
*hena |
SA: ? not clear whether originally 'fish' or 'fish' and 'meat' |
|
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
*heŋaT |
|
80 |
|
37 |
to eat |
*hinan |
|
1 |
|
134 |
thunder |
*huDuk ~ *kuDuk |
|
2 |
|
105 |
tail |
*huhi |
|
1, 59 |
|
12 |
skin |
*hulit |
|
1 |
|
185 |
we
|
*i *ahai |
exclusive |
76 |
|
182 |
I |
*i *ahu |
|
1 |
|
185 |
we
|
*i *tikaN |
inclusive |
2, 75 |
|
189 |
who?
|
*i[y]a |
|
59 |
|
184 |
he/she |
*i[y]e |
|
1 |
|
158 |
narrow |
*ifiT |
|
68 |
|
183 |
thou |
*iha |
|
36 |
|
188 |
what?
|
*inun |
|
61 |
|
197 |
One
|
*irai |
|
21 |
|
187 |
they |
*ire *u |
|
1, 67 |
|
177 |
this |
*iti |
|
10 |
|
41 |
to bite |
*kaiket |
|
|
|
152 |
small |
*kele |
|
126 |
|
79 |
stick/wood |
*kubai |
|
51 |
|
8 |
to turn
|
*kuliŋ |
|
96 |
|
54 |
man/male |
*lahi |
|
2 |
|
6 |
road/path |
*lalan |
|
1 |
|
13 |
back
|
*lambu/siN |
< Malay |
47 |
L |
155 |
long
|
*lawa |
|
27, 101 |
|
146 |
ash |
*lawenun |
|
95 |
|
180 |
far |
*lawiT |
|
100 |
|
95 |
to fall
|
*lawu |
|
1 |
|
128 |
sky |
*laŋit |
|
1 |
|
141 |
wet |
*leeN |
(weak etymon) |
118 |
|
32 |
tongue |
*lela |
|
4 |
|
208 |
Fifty
|
*lima-m-pulu |
|
1, 2 |
|
201 |
Five
|
*lime |
|
1 |
|
112 |
rotten
|
*lu |
< S. Sulawesi |
108 |
L |
24 |
head |
*luha |
|
84 |
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
*lumbu |
|
3 |
|
123 |
to flow |
*m-ili[N] |
|
56 |
|
138 |
warm
|
*ma-fana |
|
1 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
*ma-handru |
|
102 |
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
*ma-hilala |
? could be borrowed on account of *-a |
18 |
(L?) |
46 |
to see |
*ma-hita |
LW on account of -a? |
1 |
L? |
147 |
black |
*ma-intem |
|
1 |
|
151 |
green |
*ma-itsu |
< Malay |
25 |
L |
159 |
wide |
*ma-lalak |
|
27 |
|
10 |
dirty |
*ma-lutu |
< S.Sulawesi |
108 |
|
13 |
back
|
*ma-lutu |
< S. Sulawesi |
108 |
L |
156 |
thin
|
*ma-nifi |
|
|
|
160 |
painful, sick |
*ma-rare |
|
118 |
|
22 |
to fear |
*ma-tahut |
|
1 |
|
139 |
cold
|
*maN- + *ha-tsiaka |
< S. Sulawesi |
130 |
L |
140 |
dry
|
*maiK |
|
113 |
|
140 |
dry
|
*maiN |
|
113 |
|
84 |
to plant |
*mam-bule |
|
1 |
|
80 |
to split
|
*mamaki |
< *maN- *waki |
95 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
*mamu |
|
1, 101 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
*mamu |
X |
|
|
74 |
to kill |
*mamunu |
< *maN= + *wunu |
1 |
|
44 |
to hear |
*man-dreŋe |
|
1 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*manampak |
< *maN- + *tampak |
25 |
|
5 |
to walk |
*mandeha |
*man- + *leha |
61 |
|
48 |
to sleep |
*mandre |
*maN- + re |
34 |
|
49 |
to lie down
|
*mandre (?) |
*maN- + re (?) |
110 |
|
36 |
to spit |
*mandrura |
< maN- + *rura |
1 |
|
35 |
to vomit |
*mandua |
< *maN- + *lua |
8 |
|
157 |
thick
|
*manewe |
*maN- + *tewe |
26 |
|
94 |
to throw
|
*manurak |
< *maN- + *turak |
1, 118 |
|
93 |
to pound, beat
|
*manutu |
< *maN- + *tutu |
20 |
|
45 |
eye |
*masu |
< Bantu |
36 |
L |
75 |
to die, be dead |
*mate |
|
1 |
|
172 |
to climb
|
*maŋ-anik |
|
1 |
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
*maŋ-imbu |
smell, sniff |
36 |
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
*maŋ-imbu |
X |
|
|
196 |
to count |
*maŋ-isa |
|
87 |
|
47 |
to yawn |
*maŋ-uaT |
|
19 |
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
*maŋ-uruk |
smell, sniff, kiss |
120 |
|
90 |
to dig |
*maŋgali |
< *maN= + *hali |
1 |
|
50 |
to dream |
*maŋu-nufi |
|
1 |
|
149 |
red |
*mena |
|
1, 39 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
*mi-aeŋ |
|
23 |
|
83 |
to work
|
*mi-aeŋ |
|
83 |
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
*mi-aiŋ |
be alive, breathe |
83 |
|
83 |
to work
|
*mi-asa |
= work in general |
94 |
L |
87 |
to swell
|
*mi-buntiŋ |
< Malay |
49 |
L |
37 |
to eat |
*mi-h<um>an |
|
1 |
|
77 |
to scratch
|
*mi-hauT |
|
44 |
|
69 |
to hunt
|
*mi-haya |
|
87 |
|
33 |
to laugh |
*mi-hehe |
|
107 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
*mi-huta |
|
69 |
|
9 |
to swim |
*mi-laŋu |
|
1 |
|
42 |
to suck |
*mi-nunu |
|
76 |
|
51 |
to sit |
*mi-peDak |
|
163 |
|
85 |
to choose |
*mi-pili |
|
1 |
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
*mi-su[ŋ]kaT |
|
26 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
*mi-tiuk |
< Malay |
1, 19 |
L |
52 |
to stand |
*mi-tsaŋgaŋ |
|
101 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
*mi-tumbu |
|
1 |
|
91 |
to buy |
*mi-wili |
|
1 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
*muuk |
|
1, 111 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
*muuk |
X |
|
|
186 |
you |
*nau |
|
9 |
|
31 |
tooth |
*nife |
|
1 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
*nufu(T) |
< Bantu |
|
|
18 |
breast |
*nunu |
|
3 |
|
23 |
blood |
*raa |
|
1 |
|
60 |
father |
*rae |
< *ra- + *aye |
22, 50 |
|
131 |
cloud
|
*rahun |
|
1 |
|
113 |
branch
|
*rantsaŋ |
< Malay |
63 |
L |
122 |
water
|
*ranu |
|
10 |
|
165 |
bad, evil |
*rati |
|
116 |
|
114 |
leaf |
*rawen |
|
1 |
|
81 |
sharp |
*raŋit |
|
43 |
|
59 |
mother |
*rene |
< *ra- + *ine |
1, 93 |
|
136 |
wind |
*riwut |
< Malay |
24 |
L |
198 |
Two
|
*ru(a,e) |
|
1 |
|
207 |
Twenty
|
*rua-m-pulu |
|
3, 6 |
|
145 |
smoke
|
*seDuk |
|
90 |
|
192 |
and |
*si |
|
66 |
|
125 |
salt |
*sira |
< Malay |
1 |
L |
205 |
Nine
|
*siwe |
|
5 |
|
164 |
good |
*sua |
ancestral to all MLG dialects? |
138 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
*suruk |
< Malay but with metaphoric meaning change |
|
L |
34 |
to cry |
*t<um>aŋis |
|
1 |
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
*tafu |
|
15, 76 |
|
65 |
rope |
*tali |
|
1 |
|
43 |
ear |
*taliŋe |
|
1 |
|
43 |
ear |
*taliŋe |
|
1 |
|
13 |
back
|
*talukut |
reflex talutukŭ found in Sorabe literature |
1 |
|
119 |
earth/soil |
*tane |
|
1 |
|
15 |
bone |
*taulaŋ |
|
1 |
|
169 |
year |
*taun |
|
1 |
|
104 |
fat/grease |
*tawe |
|
23 |
|
1 |
hand |
*taŋan |
|
18 |
|
199 |
Three
|
*telu |
|
1 |
|
195 |
no, not |
*ti |
< Malay |
68 |
L |
156 |
thin
|
*tifi |
|
1 |
|
101 |
to fly |
*tiliŋ |
|
97 |
|
16 |
intestines |
*tinai |
|
1 |
|
139 |
cold
|
*tsi(N)tsiN |
|
131 |
|
139 |
cold
|
*tsi(N)tsiN |
X |
131 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
*tuu |
|
6 |
|
170 |
when?
|
*umbian |
|
86 |
|
133 |
rain |
*uran |
|
1 |
|
27 |
nose |
*uruŋ |
|
1 |
|
170 |
when?
|
*uwian |
|
86 |
|
115 |
root |
*wahaT |
|
2 |
|
102 |
rat |
*walawu |
|
1 |
|
57 |
husband |
*wali |
< S. Sulawesi |
88 |
L |
58 |
wife |
*wali |
< S. Sulawesi |
107 |
L |
204 |
Eight
|
*walu |
|
3 |
|
130 |
star |
*wasiaŋ |
compare Ma'anyan wawahiaŋ |
90 |
|
120 |
stone |
*watu |
|
1 |
|
163 |
new |
*wau |
|
1 |
|
30 |
mouth |
*wawa |
|
1 |
|
55 |
woman/female |
*wawe |
|
1, 105 |
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
*welum |
be alive, live |
11 |
|
117 |
fruit |
*wua |
|
1 |
|
129 |
moon |
*wulan |
|
1 |
|
26 |
hair
|
*wulu |
|
31 |
|
99 |
feather |
*wulu |
|
1 |
|
171 |
to hide
|
*wuni |
|
1 |
|
97 |
bird |
*wuruŋ |
< Malay |
17 |
L |
11 |
dust |
*wuwuk |
|
56 |
|
25 |
neck |
*wuyuŋ |
|
131 |
|
116 |
flower |
*wuŋe |
|
1 |
|
67 |
to sew
|
*yaiT |
|
2 |
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
*yatuh |
|
4, 15 |
|
132 |
fog |
*yawun |
|
27 |
|
142 |
heavy |
ma-wesaT |
< Malay |
1 |
L |
73 |
to steal |
maŋgalaT |
< *maN- + *halaT |
57 |
|
64 |
to say |
mi-teŋe |
? not sure |
52 |
|