Language: Bwatoo
Source/Author: | Rivierre, Erhart, & Diela (2006) | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:bwa Glottocode: bwat1240 | |
Notes: | RIVIERRE Jean-Claude, EHRHART Sabine, DIELA Raymond, 2006, Le bwatoo et les dialectes de la région de Koné (Nouvelle-Calédonie), Peeters : Paris-Louvain-Dudley, 501 p. Sources: Those data available in the book of RIVIERRE & al. are based on three major sources : - Maurice LEENHARDT's questionnaire reworked by André-Georges HAUDRICOURT; this questionnaire has been used in the village of Oundjo (1959) and Népou (1963) - Jean-Claude RIVIERRE questionnaire used in Népou (1994) - The results revision of the previous RIVIERRE's questionnaire by J-C. RIVERRE himself and Sabine EHRHART between 1995 and 1999 in the villages of Népou and Oundjo. Methodology: The book of RIVIERRE & al. Contains two dictionnairies. The first one translates the bwatoo lexical items in french and provides more semantic features. The second one translates the french lexical items in bwatoo, and provides only a translation without providing any additionnal information on the semantic features. The second dictionnary has been used first. When there is more than one term found in bwatoo for one lexical entry in french, the first dictionnary and the developped semantic features it provides has been used to reduce as much as possible the variation and to keep the more relevant term. Borrowings and selected data: The lexical items selected here are coming from Jean-Claude RIVIERRE and al. The items borrowed to other languages have not been included. For the most part, borrowings have been listed by the authors. However, the words coming from the french language have not been subject to such a list. They have been excluded by David PIEKUT when possible. | |
Problems: | Several lexical items refer to the same notion. When we have not been able to reduce a case of synonymy, all of the words found have been entered with specifications in the column "Author Annotation" | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: David PIEKUT (EPHE/LACITO-CNRS) Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:New Caledonian:Northern:North:Hmwaveke | |
Map |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 18 entries
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-05-14 03:10:26)
- Changed #345857 from "teten", "Generaly means "to feel, to listen", "to hear", "to experience" This word means "to smell" when used with "odor" as it is represented below : tete boo-xaman to smell odor-something", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345865 from "xʷiaman,xʷi:aman, xʷiɣaman,hwiaman", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345894 from "ⁿdo:bwa", "The translation for "needle" in bwatoo is not clear regarding to the two dictionnaires : - Dictionnaire french-bwatto "aiguille" - doobwa - Dictionnaire bwatoo-french doobwa - "feuille"", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345905 from "cabwana", "This is the only item found for this event notion. Cabwana means : to separate, to break by cuting somtehing", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346048 from "feƟala:m", "�_ Means "to open"", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346060 from "ⁿdo:t,ⁿdo:p", "Generally means "earth/land/soil"", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345953 from "Ɵa:te:,Ɵa:tʰe:,tʰe:ɣat", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345965 from "hmae,mae", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345993 from "ca,ce,ci", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346003 from "gae", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346011 from "cipa", "Negation generaly combined with a personnal indexation and a verb. The equivalent of "no" has not been found", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346013 from "Ɵa:ŋ,Ɵa:", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346016 from "fae,fae:", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:23:08)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:20:19)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | intestines | ||||
41 | to bite | ||||
67 | to sew | ||||
70 | to shoot | ||||
82 | dull, blunt | ||||
103 | meat/flesh | ||||
126 | lake | ||||
159 | wide | ||||
160 | painful, sick | ||||
163 | new | ||||
177 | this | ||||
178 | that | ||||
190 | other | ||||
208 | Fifty | ||||
209 | One Hundred | ||||
210 | One Thousand | ||||
1 | hand | өin | 10 | ||
2 | left | wala:be | 32 | ||
3 | right | ᶮjuƟi | 24 | ||
4 | leg/foot | xan | 1 | ||
5 | to walk | ða | |||
7 | to come | hme | |||
8 | to turn | ᵐbitake | |||
9 | to swim | Ɵo:m | |||
12 | skin | ði:n | 1 | ||
14 | belly | ᶮjiian | |||
15 | bone | ⁿdu:n | |||
17 | liver | ɣi:n | |||
18 | breast | tʰin | 1 | ||
19 | shoulder | bwaukeƟi | |||
21 | to think | ɲimake | |||
22 | to fear | famuɲima | |||
23 | blood | feⁿdat | |||
24 | head | bwan | |||
25 | neck | ɲo | |||
26 | hair | vu:bwan | |||
27 | nose | fwaⁿdin | |||
28 | to breathe | hɲena | |||
30 | mouth | ɲua | |||
31 | tooth | vaciɲuan | |||
32 | tongue | ɣupʰã | |||
33 | to laugh | mwa:n | |||
34 | to cry | Ɵe | |||
35 | to vomit | muᶮja | |||
36 | to spit | tʰume | |||
37 | to eat | xʷiaman,xʷi:aman,xʷiɣaman,hwiaman | 1, 55 | ||
38 | to chew | hma:,ma: | |||
39 | to cook | vwaila | |||
40 | to drink | ɣuⁿdu | |||
43 | ear | ᶮje:nan | |||
44 | to hear | mecake,macake | |||
45 | eye | xupi:n | |||
46 | to see | ɣa:ni | |||
47 | to yawn | hohaem | |||
48 | to sleep | maᶮjit | |||
49 | to lie down | maᶮjit | |||
51 | to sit | ta | |||
52 | to stand | cu:t | 2 | ||
53 | person/human being | ɣa:ᵐbuit | |||
54 | man/male | ɣau | |||
55 | woman/female | tʰamo | |||
56 | child | Ɵapia | |||
57 | husband | ɣaaⁿdo:mwan | |||
58 | wife | mwaⁿdan | |||
59 | mother | ɲan | 1, 83 | ||
60 | father | camwan | |||
61 | house | ɣamo | |||
62 | thatch/roof | bwaɣamo | |||
63 | name | ðat | |||
64 | to say | vi | 13, 103 | ||
65 | rope | ɣo,ɣo:t | |||
69 | to hunt | cafehmeⁿdo | |||
73 | to steal | ᵐbuna | |||
74 | to kill | ᵐbilo | |||
74 | to kill | tʰaᵐbiloke | |||
75 | to die, be dead | me | |||
76 | to live, be alive | mulit | |||
77 | to scratch | ðua | |||
81 | sharp | vwaɲua | |||
83 | to work | vaⁿdi | |||
84 | to plant | cami | 73 | ||
85 | to choose | Ɵamwi | |||
88 | to squeeze | fwati | |||
89 | to hold | ðimwi | |||
90 | to dig | ta: | |||
93 | to pound, beat | caƟa | |||
95 | to fall | tipwa | |||
96 | dog | ᶮjuuxotat | |||
97 | bird | ɣatee | |||
98 | egg | fi | |||
99 | feather | vu:n | |||
100 | wing | vu:Ɵin | |||
101 | to fly | tẽ:n | |||
102 | rat | Ɵine | |||
104 | fat/grease | mwana | |||
105 | tail | tʰakan | |||
107 | worm (earthworm) | ᵐbet | |||
109 | mosquito | ɣahe:t | |||
110 | spider | ɲa:k | |||
111 | fish | ɲu | 9 | ||
113 | branch | ⁿdiŋa:n | |||
114 | leaf | ⁿdo:n | |||
115 | root | wahnan | |||
116 | flower | mu:n | |||
117 | fruit | xapwe:n | |||
121 | sand | hmwean | |||
122 | water | tʰaba | |||
123 | to flow | Ɵe:p | |||
124 | sea | ɲatʰaba | |||
125 | salt | waᵑgila | |||
127 | woods/forest | wi | |||
128 | sky | ⁿdae | |||
129 | moon | pwẽ | |||
130 | star | xafutʰiiŋ | |||
131 | cloud | Ɵa:te: | |||
131 | cloud | tʰe:ɣat | |||
131 | cloud | Ɵa:tʰe: | |||
132 | fog | Ɵa:hmat | |||
133 | rain | ɣuta | |||
134 | thunder | xʷa:la | 2 | ||
135 | lightning | xala:t | |||
136 | wind | ɣait | |||
137 | to blow | Ɵiu | |||
138 | warm | xiu | |||
139 | cold | xim | |||
141 | wet | titi | |||
142 | heavy | tʰe: | |||
143 | fire | hmae | |||
143 | fire | mae | 51 | ||
145 | smoke | hmu:n | 2, 76 | ||
146 | ash | feðila | |||
147 | black | fi:ŋ | 99 | ||
148 | white | fwa:t | 11 | ||
149 | red | tana | |||
150 | yellow | kaɽi | |||
151 | green | vuɲ | |||
152 | small | xuci | |||
153 | big | xopwen | |||
155 | long | xo:tan | |||
157 | thick | hnaᵐbo | |||
157 | thick | tʰaᵐbo | |||
158 | narrow | picu | |||
161 | shy, ashamed | cupunu:m | |||
162 | old | xo:mu | |||
164 | good | tʰuan | |||
165 | bad, evil | te: | |||
166 | correct, true | ᶮjikiᶮju | |||
167 | night | bwen | |||
169 | year | ᶮjo | |||
170 | when? | ɲe:t | |||
171 | to hide | catihnit | |||
171 | to hide | tihnit | |||
172 | to climb | Ɵa:ta | |||
173 | at | la | |||
174 | in, inside | ce | |||
174 | in, inside | ca | |||
174 | in, inside | ci | |||
175 | above | pwan | |||
176 | below | ɣalan | |||
179 | near | Ɵaten | |||
180 | far | ho:t | |||
182 | I | ðo | |||
183 | thou | go | |||
184 | he/she | a | |||
186 | you | ⁿgae | |||
187 | they | le | 1, 70 | ||
188 | what? | ⁿda | 1 | ||
189 | who? | ⁿde | |||
191 | all | Ɵau | |||
194 | how? | ha:ke | |||
196 | to count | fina | 26 | ||
197 | One | Ɵa:ŋ | |||
197 | One | Ɵa: | |||
198 | Two | tʰalo | |||
199 | Three | tʰien | |||
200 | Four | fae | |||
200 | Four | fae: | |||
201 | Five | nim | 1, 15 | ||
203 | Seven | nim bwa tʰalo | |||
204 | Eight | nim bwa tʰien | |||
205 | Nine | nim bwa fae: | |||
13 | back | xu:hnan | "back" and can be used for the "underneath part of a pirogue (boat)" | x | |
13 | back | ɲaⁿdu | "back" as a body part and can be used to refer say for instance "he is behind me/behind my back" | ||
10 | dirty | xalat | "dirty" | ||
10 | dirty | ma:ŋ,mava:ŋ | "dirty" and can also be used to refer to a "fading" vegetable | ||
119 | earth/soil | bwaⁿdo:t | "earth/soil as a surface" | ||
202 | Six | nim bwa Ɵa:ŋ | "five and one" | ||
10 | dirty | maⁿdiⁿdiŋ | "grey/ashes grey" and also "dirty" | ||
94 | to throw | tʰake | "Throw stone" | ||
91 | to buy | feƟin | "to acquire something from someone", in extension "to buy something to someone" | ||
144 | to burn | cini | "To burn something". It can also be used to refer to the event of "frying something (a fish for instance)" | ||
144 | to burn | tʰuee | "To burn something, to set on fire" - the meaning of this word is more general than cini | ||
92 | to open, uncover | tae:n | "to deploy" | ||
72 | to hit | tʰake | "to hit (with a weapon)", "to throw", "to shoot (with a gun)" | ||
72 | to hit | ɣa:ci | "to hit" | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | tahmake | "to know things" and "to understand things" | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | caihnan | "to know things", "to know how to do things" and "to be used to do things" | ||
92 | to open, uncover | tali | "to open", "to open by splitting" | ||
92 | to open, uncover | wai | "to open", "to spread" (legs for instance, in a vulgar way) | ||
92 | to open, uncover | tʰaƟati | "to open", "to spread", "to deploy" | 37 | |
91 | to buy | vwaƟuken | "to pay" i.e "to give something in return to something received" | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | Ɵili | "to pierce" | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | tʰaⁿdua | "to pierce" | ||
140 | dry | ðabwat | (a) The use of this word is larger then mau | ||
140 | dry | mau | (a) This word is used for earth/soil | 1 | |
140 | dry | xate:ke | (a) This word is used for earth/soil | ||
185 | we | ᵐbe | (excl) | ||
185 | we | ᶮje | (incl) | ||
106 | snake | bwiho:n | (species term) | ||
106 | snake | bwaham | (species term) | ||
168 | day | tʰi:ɣat | Also means "sun" | ||
112 | rotten | hmwaunu | Because of the humidity | ||
78 | to cut, hack | Ɵa:i | especially meat | ||
78 | to cut, hack | tʰabᵐbulake | especially wood | ||
119 | earth/soil | ⁿdo:t | Generally means "earth/land/soil" | ||
119 | earth/soil | ⁿdo:p | Generally means "earth/land/soil" | ||
29 | to sniff, smell | teten | Generally means "to feel, to listen", "to hear", "to experience"This word means "to smell" when used with "odor" as it is represented below :tete boo-xaman to smell odor-something | ||
86 | to grow | cim | Generally used for vegetables | ||
118 | grass | bwa:ⁿdaðila | Grass with spikes | ||
206 | Ten | ᶮjoaluƟi:ᶮje | joa-lu-thii-je | ||
207 | Twenty | ᶮjoaluƟi:ᶮje bwa ᶮjoa lu xa-ᶮje | joa-lu-thii-je bwa joa lu xha-je | ||
108 | louse | ði | Meaning head louse | ||
50 | to dream | xanip | Means "to dream (during the sleep)" | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | fiti | Means "to fasten", "to bound" | ||
92 | to open, uncover | feƟala:m | Means "to open" | ||
87 | to swell | xuⁿda | Means "to smell bad" | ||
42 | to suck | tipi | Means "to suck", "to lap", "to lick" | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | tʰa: | Means "to tie up firmly", for instance "to tie up a horse to a tree' | ||
144 | to burn | tʰimae | More used nowadays | ||
144 | to burn | tʰihmae | More used nowadays | ||
195 | no, not | cipa | Negation generaly combined with a personnal indexation and a verb.The equivalent of "no" has not been found | ||
86 | to grow | tʰit | Only used for vegetables | ||
60 | father | ca:ca | Polite respectful way to express the notion of "father". It tends to be replaced by papa brrowed from french. | ||
118 | grass | ⁿdealetʰupila | Poya village grass (Heteropogon contortus) | ||
11 | dust | hmu:do:t | Properly means "dust" | ||
118 | grass | fwati | River grass | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | cabulake | Stab with knife | ||
79 | stick/wood | ᵐbalatʰi:na | Stricly means "piece of wood" | ||
6 | road/path | fwa:ⁿdan | Strictly means "road/path" | ||
94 | to throw | te:ke | The corresponding word in bwatoo is given with examples related to the event of "throwing an assegai" | ||
154 | short | ɲicin | The difference between bieng "short in height" (a) and "short in length" (b) has not been found | ||
68 | needle | ⁿdo:bwa | The translation for "needle" in bwatoo is not clear regarding to the two dictionnaires :- Dictionnaire french-bwatto "aiguille" - doobwa- Dictionnaire bwatoo-french doobwa - "feuille" | ||
80 | to split | cabwana | This is the only item found for this event notion.Cabwana means : to separate, to break by cuting somtehing | ||
6 | road/path | ðe:ho:t | This word can be used to express road/path | ||
193 | if | mahapi | This word is used to introduce a conditionnal clause | ||
156 | thin | ɣalaⁿdet | This word seem to be general, i.e used for objects and human | ||
181 | where? | e | This word seems to be used for dynamic localisation ("where are you coming from?") | ||
181 | where? | kane: | Those two words seem to be used for stative localisation ("where are you?") | ||
181 | where? | he: | Those two words seem to be used for stative localisation ("where are you?") | ||
193 | if | cama | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | 3, 26 | |
193 | if | celama | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | 3, 26 | |
193 | if | ma | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | ||
207 | Twenty | ɣa:ᵐbuit | Used for a one hundred franc bill | ||
192 | and | bwa | Used for mathematical addition | ||
192 | and | ka | Used to coordinate nouns and clauses | 1 | |
192 | and | ma | Used to coordinate nouns and verbs | 2 | |
120 | stone | va | Va/ve is more related to stone used as tools (as flint, to sharpen, etc.) | ||
120 | stone | ve | Va/ve is more related to stone used as tools (as flint, to sharpen, etc.) | ||
120 | stone | vai | Vai appears to be more general than va/ve. | 1 | |
140 | dry | hmau | wood, coconut, plants |