Language: Bwatoo
Source/Author: | Rivierre, Erhart, & Diela (2006) | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:bwa Glottocode: bwat1240 | |
Notes: | RIVIERRE Jean-Claude, EHRHART Sabine, DIELA Raymond, 2006, Le bwatoo et les dialectes de la région de Koné (Nouvelle-Calédonie), Peeters : Paris-Louvain-Dudley, 501 p. Sources: Those data available in the book of RIVIERRE & al. are based on three major sources : - Maurice LEENHARDT's questionnaire reworked by André-Georges HAUDRICOURT; this questionnaire has been used in the village of Oundjo (1959) and Népou (1963) - Jean-Claude RIVIERRE questionnaire used in Népou (1994) - The results revision of the previous RIVIERRE's questionnaire by J-C. RIVERRE himself and Sabine EHRHART between 1995 and 1999 in the villages of Népou and Oundjo. Methodology: The book of RIVIERRE & al. Contains two dictionnairies. The first one translates the bwatoo lexical items in french and provides more semantic features. The second one translates the french lexical items in bwatoo, and provides only a translation without providing any additionnal information on the semantic features. The second dictionnary has been used first. When there is more than one term found in bwatoo for one lexical entry in french, the first dictionnary and the developped semantic features it provides has been used to reduce as much as possible the variation and to keep the more relevant term. Borrowings and selected data: The lexical items selected here are coming from Jean-Claude RIVIERRE and al. The items borrowed to other languages have not been included. For the most part, borrowings have been listed by the authors. However, the words coming from the french language have not been subject to such a list. They have been excluded by David PIEKUT when possible. | |
Problems: | Several lexical items refer to the same notion. When we have not been able to reduce a case of synonymy, all of the words found have been entered with specifications in the column "Author Annotation" | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: David PIEKUT (EPHE/LACITO-CNRS) Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:New Caledonian:Northern:North:Hmwaveke | |
Map |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 18 entries
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-05-14 03:10:26)
- Changed #345857 from "teten", "Generaly means "to feel, to listen", "to hear", "to experience" This word means "to smell" when used with "odor" as it is represented below : tete boo-xaman to smell odor-something", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345865 from "xʷiaman,xʷi:aman, xʷiɣaman,hwiaman", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345894 from "ⁿdo:bwa", "The translation for "needle" in bwatoo is not clear regarding to the two dictionnaires : - Dictionnaire french-bwatto "aiguille" - doobwa - Dictionnaire bwatoo-french doobwa - "feuille"", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345905 from "cabwana", "This is the only item found for this event notion. Cabwana means : to separate, to break by cuting somtehing", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346048 from "feƟala:m", "�_ Means "to open"", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346060 from "ⁿdo:t,ⁿdo:p", "Generally means "earth/land/soil"", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345953 from "Ɵa:te:,Ɵa:tʰe:,tʰe:ɣat", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345965 from "hmae,mae", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345993 from "ca,ce,ci", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346003 from "gae", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346011 from "cipa", "Negation generaly combined with a personnal indexation and a verb. The equivalent of "no" has not been found", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346013 from "Ɵa:ŋ,Ɵa:", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #346016 from "fae,fae:", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:23:08)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:20:19)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
175 | above | pwan | |||
191 | all | Ɵau | |||
192 | and | ka | Used to coordinate nouns and clauses | 1 | |
192 | and | ma | Used to coordinate nouns and verbs | 2 | |
192 | and | bwa | Used for mathematical addition | ||
146 | ash | feðila | |||
173 | at | la | |||
13 | back | ɲaⁿdu | "back" as a body part and can be used to refer say for instance "he is behind me/behind my back" | ||
13 | back | xu:hnan | "back" and can be used for the "underneath part of a pirogue (boat)" | x | |
165 | bad, evil | te: | |||
14 | belly | ᶮjiian | |||
176 | below | ɣalan | |||
153 | big | xopwen | |||
97 | bird | ɣatee | |||
147 | black | fi:ŋ | 99 | ||
23 | blood | feⁿdat | |||
15 | bone | ⁿdu:n | |||
113 | branch | ⁿdiŋa:n | |||
18 | breast | tʰin | 1 | ||
56 | child | Ɵapia | |||
131 | cloud | Ɵa:te: | |||
131 | cloud | tʰe:ɣat | |||
131 | cloud | Ɵa:tʰe: | |||
139 | cold | xim | |||
166 | correct, true | ᶮjikiᶮju | |||
168 | day | tʰi:ɣat | Also means "sun" | ||
10 | dirty | ma:ŋ,mava:ŋ | "dirty" and can also be used to refer to a "fading" vegetable | ||
10 | dirty | xalat | "dirty" | ||
10 | dirty | maⁿdiⁿdiŋ | "grey/ashes grey" and also "dirty" | ||
96 | dog | ᶮjuuxotat | |||
140 | dry | ðabwat | (a) The use of this word is larger then mau | ||
140 | dry | mau | (a) This word is used for earth/soil | 1 | |
140 | dry | hmau | wood, coconut, plants | ||
140 | dry | xate:ke | (a) This word is used for earth/soil | ||
82 | dull, blunt | ||||
11 | dust | hmu:do:t | Properly means "dust" | ||
43 | ear | ᶮje:nan | |||
119 | earth/soil | ⁿdo:t | Generally means "earth/land/soil" | ||
119 | earth/soil | bwaⁿdo:t | "earth/soil as a surface" | ||
119 | earth/soil | ⁿdo:p | Generally means "earth/land/soil" | ||
98 | egg | fi | |||
204 | Eight | nim bwa tʰien | |||
45 | eye | xupi:n | |||
180 | far | ho:t | |||
104 | fat/grease | mwana | |||
60 | father | ca:ca | Polite respectful way to express the notion of "father". It tends to be replaced by papa brrowed from french. | ||
60 | father | camwan | |||
99 | feather | vu:n | |||
208 | Fifty | ||||
143 | fire | hmae | |||
143 | fire | mae | 51 | ||
111 | fish | ɲu | 9 | ||
201 | Five | nim | 1, 15 | ||
116 | flower | mu:n | |||
132 | fog | Ɵa:hmat | |||
200 | Four | fae | |||
200 | Four | fae: | |||
117 | fruit | xapwe:n | |||
164 | good | tʰuan | |||
118 | grass | bwa:ⁿdaðila | Grass with spikes | ||
118 | grass | ⁿdealetʰupila | Poya village grass (Heteropogon contortus) | ||
118 | grass | fwati | River grass | ||
151 | green | vuɲ | |||
26 | hair | vu:bwan | |||
1 | hand | өin | 10 | ||
184 | he/she | a | |||
24 | head | bwan | |||
142 | heavy | tʰe: | |||
61 | house | ɣamo | |||
194 | how? | ha:ke | |||
57 | husband | ɣaaⁿdo:mwan | |||
182 | I | ðo | |||
193 | if | cama | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | 3, 26 | |
193 | if | celama | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | 3, 26 | |
193 | if | ma | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | ||
193 | if | mahapi | This word is used to introduce a conditionnal clause | ||
174 | in, inside | ce | |||
174 | in, inside | ca | |||
174 | in, inside | ci | |||
16 | intestines | ||||
126 | lake | ||||
114 | leaf | ⁿdo:n | |||
2 | left | wala:be | 32 | ||
4 | leg/foot | xan | 1 | ||
135 | lightning | xala:t | |||
17 | liver | ɣi:n | |||
155 | long | xo:tan | |||
108 | louse | ði | Meaning head louse | ||
54 | man/male | ɣau | |||
103 | meat/flesh | ||||
129 | moon | pwẽ | |||
109 | mosquito | ɣahe:t | |||
59 | mother | ɲan | 1, 83 | ||
30 | mouth | ɲua | |||
63 | name | ðat | |||
158 | narrow | picu | |||
179 | near | Ɵaten | |||
25 | neck | ɲo | |||
68 | needle | ⁿdo:bwa | The translation for "needle" in bwatoo is not clear regarding to the two dictionnaires :- Dictionnaire french-bwatto "aiguille" - doobwa- Dictionnaire bwatoo-french doobwa - "feuille" | ||
163 | new | ||||
167 | night | bwen | |||
205 | Nine | nim bwa fae: | |||
195 | no, not | cipa | Negation generaly combined with a personnal indexation and a verb.The equivalent of "no" has not been found | ||
27 | nose | fwaⁿdin | |||
162 | old | xo:mu | |||
197 | One | Ɵa:ŋ | |||
197 | One | Ɵa: | |||
209 | One Hundred | ||||
210 | One Thousand | ||||
190 | other | ||||
160 | painful, sick | ||||
53 | person/human being | ɣa:ᵐbuit | |||
133 | rain | ɣuta | |||
102 | rat | Ɵine | |||
149 | red | tana | |||
3 | right | ᶮjuƟi | 24 | ||
6 | road/path | fwa:ⁿdan | Strictly means "road/path" | ||
6 | road/path | ðe:ho:t | This word can be used to express road/path | ||
115 | root | wahnan | |||
65 | rope | ɣo,ɣo:t | |||
112 | rotten | hmwaunu | Because of the humidity | ||
125 | salt | waᵑgila | |||
121 | sand | hmwean | |||
124 | sea | ɲatʰaba | |||
203 | Seven | nim bwa tʰalo | |||
81 | sharp | vwaɲua | |||
154 | short | ɲicin | The difference between bieng "short in height" (a) and "short in length" (b) has not been found | ||
19 | shoulder | bwaukeƟi | |||
161 | shy, ashamed | cupunu:m | |||
202 | Six | nim bwa Ɵa:ŋ | "five and one" | ||
12 | skin | ði:n | 1 | ||
128 | sky | ⁿdae | |||
152 | small | xuci | |||
145 | smoke | hmu:n | 2, 76 | ||
106 | snake | bwiho:n | (species term) | ||
106 | snake | bwaham | (species term) | ||
110 | spider | ɲa:k | |||
130 | star | xafutʰiiŋ | |||
79 | stick/wood | ᵐbalatʰi:na | Stricly means "piece of wood" | ||
120 | stone | vai | Vai appears to be more general than va/ve. | 1 | |
120 | stone | va | Va/ve is more related to stone used as tools (as flint, to sharpen, etc.) | ||
120 | stone | ve | Va/ve is more related to stone used as tools (as flint, to sharpen, etc.) | ||
105 | tail | tʰakan | |||
206 | Ten | ᶮjoaluƟi:ᶮje | joa-lu-thii-je | ||
178 | that | ||||
62 | thatch/roof | bwaɣamo | |||
187 | they | le | 1, 70 | ||
157 | thick | hnaᵐbo | |||
157 | thick | tʰaᵐbo | |||
156 | thin | ɣalaⁿdet | This word seem to be general, i.e used for objects and human | ||
177 | this | ||||
183 | thou | go | |||
199 | Three | tʰien | |||
134 | thunder | xʷa:la | 2 | ||
41 | to bite | ||||
137 | to blow | Ɵiu | |||
28 | to breathe | hɲena | |||
144 | to burn | cini | "To burn something". It can also be used to refer to the event of "frying something (a fish for instance)" | ||
144 | to burn | tʰuee | "To burn something, to set on fire" - the meaning of this word is more general than cini | ||
144 | to burn | tʰimae | More used nowadays | ||
144 | to burn | tʰihmae | More used nowadays | ||
91 | to buy | feƟin | "to acquire something from someone", in extension "to buy something to someone" | ||
91 | to buy | vwaƟuken | "to pay" i.e "to give something in return to something received" | ||
38 | to chew | hma:,ma: | |||
85 | to choose | Ɵamwi | |||
172 | to climb | Ɵa:ta | |||
7 | to come | hme | |||
39 | to cook | vwaila | |||
196 | to count | fina | 26 | ||
34 | to cry | Ɵe | |||
78 | to cut, hack | Ɵa:i | especially meat | ||
78 | to cut, hack | tʰabᵐbulake | especially wood | ||
75 | to die, be dead | me | |||
90 | to dig | ta: | |||
50 | to dream | xanip | Means "to dream (during the sleep)" | ||
40 | to drink | ɣuⁿdu | |||
37 | to eat | xʷiaman,xʷi:aman,xʷiɣaman,hwiaman | 1, 55 | ||
95 | to fall | tipwa | |||
22 | to fear | famuɲima | |||
123 | to flow | Ɵe:p | |||
101 | to fly | tẽ:n | |||
86 | to grow | cim | Generally used for vegetables | ||
86 | to grow | tʰit | Only used for vegetables | ||
44 | to hear | mecake,macake | |||
171 | to hide | catihnit | |||
171 | to hide | tihnit | |||
72 | to hit | tʰake | "to hit (with a weapon)", "to throw", "to shoot (with a gun)" | ||
72 | to hit | ɣa:ci | "to hit" | ||
89 | to hold | ðimwi | |||
69 | to hunt | cafehmeⁿdo | |||
74 | to kill | ᵐbilo | |||
74 | to kill | tʰaᵐbiloke | |||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | caihnan | "to know things", "to know how to do things" and "to be used to do things" | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | tahmake | "to know things" and "to understand things" | ||
33 | to laugh | mwa:n | |||
49 | to lie down | maᶮjit | |||
76 | to live, be alive | mulit | |||
92 | to open, uncover | feƟala:m | Means "to open" | ||
92 | to open, uncover | tae:n | "to deploy" | ||
92 | to open, uncover | tali | "to open", "to open by splitting" | ||
92 | to open, uncover | tʰaƟati | "to open", "to spread", "to deploy" | 37 | |
92 | to open, uncover | wai | "to open", "to spread" (legs for instance, in a vulgar way) | ||
84 | to plant | cami | 73 | ||
93 | to pound, beat | caƟa | |||
64 | to say | vi | 13, 103 | ||
77 | to scratch | ðua | |||
46 | to see | ɣa:ni | |||
67 | to sew | ||||
70 | to shoot | ||||
51 | to sit | ta | |||
48 | to sleep | maᶮjit | |||
29 | to sniff, smell | teten | Generally means "to feel, to listen", "to hear", "to experience"This word means "to smell" when used with "odor" as it is represented below :tete boo-xaman to smell odor-something | ||
36 | to spit | tʰume | |||
80 | to split | cabwana | This is the only item found for this event notion.Cabwana means : to separate, to break by cuting somtehing | ||
88 | to squeeze | fwati | |||
71 | to stab, pierce | Ɵili | "to pierce" | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | tʰaⁿdua | "to pierce" | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | cabulake | Stab with knife | ||
52 | to stand | cu:t | 2 | ||
73 | to steal | ᵐbuna | |||
42 | to suck | tipi | Means "to suck", "to lap", "to lick" | ||
87 | to swell | xuⁿda | Means "to smell bad" | ||
9 | to swim | Ɵo:m | |||
21 | to think | ɲimake | |||
94 | to throw | te:ke | The corresponding word in bwatoo is given with examples related to the event of "throwing an assegai" | ||
94 | to throw | tʰake | "Throw stone" | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | fiti | Means "to fasten", "to bound" | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | tʰa: | Means "to tie up firmly", for instance "to tie up a horse to a tree' | ||
8 | to turn | ᵐbitake | |||
35 | to vomit | muᶮja | |||
5 | to walk | ða | |||
83 | to work | vaⁿdi | |||
47 | to yawn | hohaem | |||
32 | tongue | ɣupʰã | |||
31 | tooth | vaciɲuan | |||
207 | Twenty | ᶮjoaluƟi:ᶮje bwa ᶮjoa lu xa-ᶮje | joa-lu-thii-je bwa joa lu xha-je | ||
207 | Twenty | ɣa:ᵐbuit | Used for a one hundred franc bill | ||
198 | Two | tʰalo | |||
138 | warm | xiu | |||
122 | water | tʰaba | |||
185 | we | ᶮje | (incl) | ||
185 | we | ᵐbe | (excl) | ||
141 | wet | titi | |||
188 | what? | ⁿda | 1 | ||
170 | when? | ɲe:t | |||
181 | where? | e | This word seems to be used for dynamic localisation ("where are you coming from?") | ||
181 | where? | kane: | Those two words seem to be used for stative localisation ("where are you?") | ||
181 | where? | he: | Those two words seem to be used for stative localisation ("where are you?") | ||
148 | white | fwa:t | 11 | ||
189 | who? | ⁿde | |||
159 | wide | ||||
58 | wife | mwaⁿdan | |||
136 | wind | ɣait | |||
100 | wing | vu:Ɵin | |||
55 | woman/female | tʰamo | |||
127 | woods/forest | wi | |||
107 | worm (earthworm) | ᵐbet | |||
169 | year | ᶮjo | |||
150 | yellow | kaɽi | |||
186 | you | ⁿgae |