Language: Bwatoo
Source/Author: | Rivierre, Erhart, & Diela (2006) | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:bwa Glottocode: bwat1240 | |
Notes: | RIVIERRE Jean-Claude, EHRHART Sabine, DIELA Raymond, 2006, Le bwatoo et les dialectes de la région de Koné (Nouvelle-Calédonie), Peeters : Paris-Louvain-Dudley, 501 p. Sources: Those data available in the book of RIVIERRE & al. are based on three major sources : - Maurice LEENHARDT's questionnaire reworked by André-Georges HAUDRICOURT; this questionnaire has been used in the village of Oundjo (1959) and Népou (1963) - Jean-Claude RIVIERRE questionnaire used in Népou (1994) - The results revision of the previous RIVIERRE's questionnaire by J-C. RIVERRE himself and Sabine EHRHART between 1995 and 1999 in the villages of Népou and Oundjo. Methodology: The book of RIVIERRE & al. Contains two dictionnairies. The first one translates the bwatoo lexical items in french and provides more semantic features. The second one translates the french lexical items in bwatoo, and provides only a translation without providing any additionnal information on the semantic features. The second dictionnary has been used first. When there is more than one term found in bwatoo for one lexical entry in french, the first dictionnary and the developped semantic features it provides has been used to reduce as much as possible the variation and to keep the more relevant term. Borrowings and selected data: The lexical items selected here are coming from Jean-Claude RIVIERRE and al. The items borrowed to other languages have not been included. For the most part, borrowings have been listed by the authors. However, the words coming from the french language have not been subject to such a list. They have been excluded by David PIEKUT when possible. | |
Problems: | Several lexical items refer to the same notion. When we have not been able to reduce a case of synonymy, all of the words found have been entered with specifications in the column "Author Annotation" | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: David PIEKUT (EPHE/LACITO-CNRS) Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:New Caledonian:Northern:North:Hmwaveke | |
Map |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing 3 of 18 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-05-14 03:10:26)
- Changed #345857 from "teten", "Generaly means "to feel, to listen", "to hear", "to experience" This word means "to smell" when used with "odor" as it is represented below : tete boo-xaman to smell odor-something", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
- Changed #345865 from "xʷiaman,xʷi:aman, xʷiɣaman,hwiaman", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2017-11-22 16:36:39)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | intestines | ||||
41 | to bite | ||||
67 | to sew | ||||
70 | to shoot | ||||
82 | dull, blunt | ||||
103 | meat/flesh | ||||
126 | lake | ||||
159 | wide | ||||
160 | painful, sick | ||||
163 | new | ||||
177 | this | ||||
178 | that | ||||
190 | other | ||||
208 | Fifty | ||||
209 | One Hundred | ||||
210 | One Thousand | ||||
184 | he/she | a | |||
192 | and | bwa | Used for mathematical addition | ||
118 | grass | bwa:ⁿdaðila | Grass with spikes | ||
106 | snake | bwaham | (species term) | ||
24 | head | bwan | |||
19 | shoulder | bwaukeƟi | |||
62 | thatch/roof | bwaɣamo | |||
119 | earth/soil | bwaⁿdo:t | "earth/soil as a surface" | ||
167 | night | bwen | |||
106 | snake | bwiho:n | (species term) | ||
174 | in, inside | ca | |||
60 | father | ca:ca | Polite respectful way to express the notion of "father". It tends to be replaced by papa brrowed from french. | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | cabulake | Stab with knife | ||
80 | to split | cabwana | This is the only item found for this event notion.Cabwana means : to separate, to break by cuting somtehing | ||
69 | to hunt | cafehmeⁿdo | |||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | caihnan | "to know things", "to know how to do things" and "to be used to do things" | ||
193 | if | cama | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | 3, 26 | |
84 | to plant | cami | 73 | ||
60 | father | camwan | |||
171 | to hide | catihnit | |||
93 | to pound, beat | caƟa | |||
174 | in, inside | ce | |||
193 | if | celama | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | 3, 26 | |
174 | in, inside | ci | |||
86 | to grow | cim | Generally used for vegetables | ||
144 | to burn | cini | "To burn something". It can also be used to refer to the event of "frying something (a fish for instance)" | ||
195 | no, not | cipa | Negation generaly combined with a personnal indexation and a verb.The equivalent of "no" has not been found | ||
52 | to stand | cu:t | 2 | ||
161 | shy, ashamed | cupunu:m | |||
181 | where? | e | This word seems to be used for dynamic localisation ("where are you coming from?") | ||
200 | Four | fae | |||
200 | Four | fae: | |||
22 | to fear | famuɲima | |||
146 | ash | feðila | |||
92 | to open, uncover | feƟala:m | Means "to open" | ||
91 | to buy | feƟin | "to acquire something from someone", in extension "to buy something to someone" | ||
23 | blood | feⁿdat | |||
98 | egg | fi | |||
147 | black | fi:ŋ | 99 | ||
196 | to count | fina | 26 | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | fiti | Means "to fasten", "to bound" | ||
148 | white | fwa:t | 11 | ||
6 | road/path | fwa:ⁿdan | Strictly means "road/path" | ||
88 | to squeeze | fwati | |||
118 | grass | fwati | River grass | ||
27 | nose | fwaⁿdin | |||
194 | how? | ha:ke | |||
181 | where? | he: | Those two words seem to be used for stative localisation ("where are you?") | ||
38 | to chew | hma:,ma: | |||
143 | fire | hmae | |||
140 | dry | hmau | wood, coconut, plants | ||
7 | to come | hme | |||
11 | dust | hmu:do:t | Properly means "dust" | ||
145 | smoke | hmu:n | 2, 76 | ||
112 | rotten | hmwaunu | Because of the humidity | ||
121 | sand | hmwean | |||
157 | thick | hnaᵐbo | |||
180 | far | ho:t | |||
47 | to yawn | hohaem | |||
28 | to breathe | hɲena | |||
192 | and | ka | Used to coordinate nouns and clauses | 1 | |
181 | where? | kane: | Those two words seem to be used for stative localisation ("where are you?") | ||
150 | yellow | kaɽi | |||
173 | at | la | |||
187 | they | le | 1, 70 | ||
192 | and | ma | Used to coordinate nouns and verbs | 2 | |
193 | if | ma | Those words are used to introduce a temporal-conditionnal clause | ||
10 | dirty | ma:ŋ,mava:ŋ | "dirty" and can also be used to refer to a "fading" vegetable | ||
143 | fire | mae | 51 | ||
193 | if | mahapi | This word is used to introduce a conditionnal clause | ||
140 | dry | mau | (a) This word is used for earth/soil | 1 | |
48 | to sleep | maᶮjit | |||
49 | to lie down | maᶮjit | |||
10 | dirty | maⁿdiⁿdiŋ | "grey/ashes grey" and also "dirty" | ||
75 | to die, be dead | me | |||
44 | to hear | mecake,macake | |||
116 | flower | mu:n | |||
76 | to live, be alive | mulit | |||
35 | to vomit | muᶮja | |||
33 | to laugh | mwa:n | |||
104 | fat/grease | mwana | |||
58 | wife | mwaⁿdan | |||
201 | Five | nim | 1, 15 | ||
205 | Nine | nim bwa fae: | |||
203 | Seven | nim bwa tʰalo | |||
204 | Eight | nim bwa tʰien | |||
202 | Six | nim bwa Ɵa:ŋ | "five and one" | ||
158 | narrow | picu | |||
175 | above | pwan | |||
129 | moon | pwẽ | |||
51 | to sit | ta | |||
90 | to dig | ta: | |||
92 | to open, uncover | tae:n | "to deploy" | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | tahmake | "to know things" and "to understand things" | ||
92 | to open, uncover | tali | "to open", "to open by splitting" | ||
149 | red | tana | |||
165 | bad, evil | te: | |||
94 | to throw | te:ke | The corresponding word in bwatoo is given with examples related to the event of "throwing an assegai" | ||
29 | to sniff, smell | teten | Generally means "to feel, to listen", "to hear", "to experience"This word means "to smell" when used with "odor" as it is represented below :tete boo-xaman to smell odor-something | ||
101 | to fly | tẽ:n | |||
171 | to hide | tihnit | |||
42 | to suck | tipi | Means "to suck", "to lap", "to lick" | ||
95 | to fall | tipwa | |||
141 | wet | titi | |||
66 | to tie up, fasten | tʰa: | Means "to tie up firmly", for instance "to tie up a horse to a tree' | ||
122 | water | tʰaba | |||
78 | to cut, hack | tʰabᵐbulake | especially wood | ||
105 | tail | tʰakan | |||
72 | to hit | tʰake | "to hit (with a weapon)", "to throw", "to shoot (with a gun)" | ||
94 | to throw | tʰake | "Throw stone" | ||
198 | Two | tʰalo | |||
55 | woman/female | tʰamo | |||
92 | to open, uncover | tʰaƟati | "to open", "to spread", "to deploy" | 37 | |
74 | to kill | tʰaᵐbiloke | |||
157 | thick | tʰaᵐbo | |||
71 | to stab, pierce | tʰaⁿdua | "to pierce" | ||
142 | heavy | tʰe: | |||
131 | cloud | tʰe:ɣat | |||
168 | day | tʰi:ɣat | Also means "sun" | ||
199 | Three | tʰien | |||
144 | to burn | tʰihmae | More used nowadays | ||
144 | to burn | tʰimae | More used nowadays | ||
18 | breast | tʰin | 1 | ||
86 | to grow | tʰit | Only used for vegetables | ||
164 | good | tʰuan | |||
144 | to burn | tʰuee | "To burn something, to set on fire" - the meaning of this word is more general than cini | ||
36 | to spit | tʰume | |||
120 | stone | va | Va/ve is more related to stone used as tools (as flint, to sharpen, etc.) | ||
31 | tooth | vaciɲuan | |||
120 | stone | vai | Vai appears to be more general than va/ve. | 1 | |
83 | to work | vaⁿdi | |||
120 | stone | ve | Va/ve is more related to stone used as tools (as flint, to sharpen, etc.) | ||
64 | to say | vi | 13, 103 | ||
26 | hair | vu:bwan | |||
99 | feather | vu:n | |||
100 | wing | vu:Ɵin | |||
151 | green | vuɲ | |||
39 | to cook | vwaila | |||
91 | to buy | vwaƟuken | "to pay" i.e "to give something in return to something received" | ||
81 | sharp | vwaɲua | |||
115 | root | wahnan | |||
92 | to open, uncover | wai | "to open", "to spread" (legs for instance, in a vulgar way) | ||
2 | left | wala:be | 32 | ||
125 | salt | waᵑgila | |||
127 | woods/forest | wi | |||
130 | star | xafutʰiiŋ | |||
135 | lightning | xala:t | |||
10 | dirty | xalat | "dirty" | ||
4 | leg/foot | xan | 1 | ||
50 | to dream | xanip | Means "to dream (during the sleep)" | ||
117 | fruit | xapwe:n | |||
140 | dry | xate:ke | (a) This word is used for earth/soil | ||
139 | cold | xim | |||
138 | warm | xiu | |||
162 | old | xo:mu | |||
155 | long | xo:tan | |||
153 | big | xopwen | |||
13 | back | xu:hnan | "back" and can be used for the "underneath part of a pirogue (boat)" | x | |
152 | small | xuci | |||
45 | eye | xupi:n | |||
87 | to swell | xuⁿda | Means "to smell bad" | ||
134 | thunder | xʷa:la | 2 | ||
37 | to eat | xʷiaman,xʷi:aman,xʷiɣaman,hwiaman | 1, 55 | ||
5 | to walk | ða | |||
140 | dry | ðabwat | (a) The use of this word is larger then mau | ||
63 | name | ðat | |||
6 | road/path | ðe:ho:t | This word can be used to express road/path | ||
108 | louse | ði | Meaning head louse | ||
12 | skin | ði:n | 1 | ||
89 | to hold | ðimwi | |||
182 | I | ðo | |||
77 | to scratch | ðua | |||
197 | One | Ɵa: | |||
132 | fog | Ɵa:hmat | |||
78 | to cut, hack | Ɵa:i | especially meat | ||
172 | to climb | Ɵa:ta | |||
131 | cloud | Ɵa:te: | |||
131 | cloud | Ɵa:tʰe: | |||
197 | One | Ɵa:ŋ | |||
85 | to choose | Ɵamwi | |||
56 | child | Ɵapia | |||
179 | near | Ɵaten | |||
191 | all | Ɵau | |||
34 | to cry | Ɵe | |||
123 | to flow | Ɵe:p | |||
71 | to stab, pierce | Ɵili | "to pierce" | ||
102 | rat | Ɵine | |||
137 | to blow | Ɵiu | |||
9 | to swim | Ɵo:m | |||
72 | to hit | ɣa:ci | "to hit" | ||
46 | to see | ɣa:ni | |||
53 | person/human being | ɣa:ᵐbuit | |||
207 | Twenty | ɣa:ᵐbuit | Used for a one hundred franc bill | ||
57 | husband | ɣaaⁿdo:mwan | |||
109 | mosquito | ɣahe:t | |||
136 | wind | ɣait | |||
176 | below | ɣalan | |||
156 | thin | ɣalaⁿdet | This word seem to be general, i.e used for objects and human | ||
61 | house | ɣamo | |||
97 | bird | ɣatee | |||
54 | man/male | ɣau | |||
17 | liver | ɣi:n | |||
65 | rope | ɣo,ɣo:t | |||
32 | tongue | ɣupʰã | |||
133 | rain | ɣuta | |||
40 | to drink | ɣuⁿdu | |||
110 | spider | ɲa:k | |||
59 | mother | ɲan | 1, 83 | ||
124 | sea | ɲatʰaba | |||
13 | back | ɲaⁿdu | "back" as a body part and can be used to refer say for instance "he is behind me/behind my back" | ||
170 | when? | ɲe:t | |||
154 | short | ɲicin | The difference between bieng "short in height" (a) and "short in length" (b) has not been found | ||
21 | to think | ɲimake | |||
25 | neck | ɲo | |||
111 | fish | ɲu | 9 | ||
30 | mouth | ɲua | |||
1 | hand | өin | 10 | ||
79 | stick/wood | ᵐbalatʰi:na | Stricly means "piece of wood" | ||
185 | we | ᵐbe | (excl) | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | ᵐbet | |||
74 | to kill | ᵐbilo | |||
8 | to turn | ᵐbitake | |||
73 | to steal | ᵐbuna | |||
185 | we | ᶮje | (incl) | ||
43 | ear | ᶮje:nan | |||
14 | belly | ᶮjiian | |||
166 | correct, true | ᶮjikiᶮju | |||
169 | year | ᶮjo | |||
206 | Ten | ᶮjoaluƟi:ᶮje | joa-lu-thii-je | ||
207 | Twenty | ᶮjoaluƟi:ᶮje bwa ᶮjoa lu xa-ᶮje | joa-lu-thii-je bwa joa lu xha-je | ||
96 | dog | ᶮjuuxotat | |||
3 | right | ᶮjuƟi | 24 | ||
188 | what? | ⁿda | 1 | ||
128 | sky | ⁿdae | |||
189 | who? | ⁿde | |||
118 | grass | ⁿdealetʰupila | Poya village grass (Heteropogon contortus) | ||
113 | branch | ⁿdiŋa:n | |||
68 | needle | ⁿdo:bwa | The translation for "needle" in bwatoo is not clear regarding to the two dictionnaires :- Dictionnaire french-bwatto "aiguille" - doobwa- Dictionnaire bwatoo-french doobwa - "feuille" | ||
114 | leaf | ⁿdo:n | |||
119 | earth/soil | ⁿdo:p | Generally means "earth/land/soil" | ||
119 | earth/soil | ⁿdo:t | Generally means "earth/land/soil" | ||
15 | bone | ⁿdu:n | |||
186 | you | ⁿgae | |||
183 | thou | go |