Language: Tomoip
| Source/Author: | Barlow 2024; Barlow & Killian 2023a, b; Grace 1955; Parkinson 1907; Ross 1977-1982 |
|---|---|
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:tqp Glottocode: tomo1244 |
| Notes: | Barlow, Russell. 2024. Tomoip morphological sketch. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 42: 41–93. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-6677-A. Barlow, Russell, and Don Killian. 2023a. Tomoip wordlist: Based on elicitation sessions with Simon Mangil from Milim village, recorded in Kokopo, East New Britain, October to November 2022 (v1.0.2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8437515. Barlow, Russell, and Don Killian. 2023b. Tomoip phonetics and phonology. Te Reo 66(1): 60–96. https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000D-F9B0-3. Grace, George W. 1955. Columbia University notebook, pt. 3. In The George Grace linguistic research and slides of Melanesia collection, 1955–1956: Online documents. Unpublished MS. https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/grace/docs. Parkinson, Richard. 1907. Dreißig Jahre in der Südsee: Land und Leute, Sitten und Gebräuche im Bismarckarchipel und auf den deutschen Salomoinseln. Stuttgart: Strecker & Schröder. Ross, Malcolm. 1977–1982. Konomala Mamusi Uvol Tomoip. XWAV/MPEG/PDF/TIFF/JPEG. MR1-012 at catalog.paradisec.org.au. https://doi.org/10.4225/72/56FFE00776765. |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Russell Barlow Checked By: Russell Barlow |
| Statistics: |
|
| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Western Oceanic:Meso Melanesian:New Ireland |
| Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
Ethnologue Information for tqp
OLAC Information for tqp
Russell Barlow's CLDF Dataset of Tomoip-
[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 62 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Changed #3244931 from "liem", "from Grace: <lie̯m> ; ad hoc formulation?; ‘five’; loan?", "", "L?" (Word 65535) - Malcolm Ross (2024-12-19 05:01:08)
- Changed #3244631 from "bale", "", "14", "" (Word 65535) - Malcolm Ross (2024-12-19 05:00:19)
- Changed #3244907 from "liem", "loan?; retention of 'five', despite change in form of 'hand' and loss of 'three' and 'four'?", "1", "L?" (Word 65535) - Malcolm Ross (2024-12-19 05:00:19)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | lalma | < *la-lma; /la-/ = class term for baskets, open things | 1, 64 | |
| 1 | hand | gua | from Ross: <guan> | ||
| 2 | left | miromi | |||
| 3 | right | mirote | |||
| 4 | leg/foot | kia | 1, 110 | ||
| 5 | to walk | ra-del | 'to walk'; < /del/ 'grass' | ||
| 5 | to walk | pu | 'to go' | ||
| 5 | to walk | n | 'to go, to come' | ||
| 6 | road/path | n-sal | 1 | ||
| 7 | to come | n | 'to go, to come' | ||
| 7 | to come | pi | |||
| 8 | to turn
|
muŋ | same form as 'far' | ||
| 9 | to swim | haha | of people | 9 | |
| 9 | to swim | tum | of fish | ||
| 9 | to swim | manmana | 'to float'; reduplication | ||
| 9 | to swim | kelkel | 'to float'; from Grace: <kɛlkɛl> 'float' | ||
| 10 | dirty | nek | 'trash, garbage; dirty' | ||
| 10 | dirty | totoŋ | from Grace: <totoŋ> 'dirty'; = 'black' | ||
| 11 | dust | simui | 'dust, fog' | ||
| 12 | skin | pel to- | 30 | ||
| 12 | skin | pla e- | 30 | ||
| 13 | back
|
kap lo- | |||
| 14 | belly | buhe lo- | |||
| 15 | bone | kinto | |||
| 16 | intestines | kebi e- | |||
| 16 | intestines | kaedi | 'liver'? ~ 'guts'? | ||
| 17 | liver | kaedi | 'liver'? ~ 'guts'? | 1 | |
| 17 | liver | ber | 'lung'? = 'white'? | ||
| 18 | breast | buti | < *buŋ-ti; /buŋ-/ = class term for round things | ||
| 18 | breast | ti | from Grace; Ross | 1 | |
| 19 | shoulder | βolha | |||
| 19 | shoulder | βoloha | |||
| 19 | shoulder | βaŋha | |||
| 19 | shoulder | em | from Grace: <ɛm> 'shoulder' | ||
| 19 | shoulder | be lo- | 'armpit' | 1 | |
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ri-ŋoma- | < ŋoma- 'eye' | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ri-ŋom to- | < ŋom to- 'eye' | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ru-ŋom ta- | from Ross: <i rungomtan> | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ro-ŋom to- | from Grace: <taroŋomtɔ> | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | mana | 'knowledge, wisdom; custom, tradition; heart (metaphorical) (?)'; loan from Kol? | L? | |
| 21 | to think | βa-non | with causative prefix? | ||
| 21 | to think | mana | from Grace | 21 | |
| 22 | to fear | kuam | |||
| 23 | blood | motom | |||
| 24 | head | bla lo- | |||
| 25 | neck | delkua | < /del[i/a]/ 'mouth, face'? | ||
| 25 | neck | pore | 'throat' | ||
| 25 | neck | kero | 'nape' | ||
| 25 | neck | to lo- | 'collarbone' | ||
| 26 | hair
|
ʝu | 13 | ||
| 27 | nose | blodu- | 1, 12 | ||
| 28 | to breathe | ŋala | 13 | ||
| 28 | to breathe | ŋoro | 'to snore' | 13 | |
| 29 | to sniff, smell | koru | |||
| 29 | to sniff, smell | loŋe | from Ross; Grace: <loŋe·> ~ <lɔŋɛ·> | 29 | |
| 30 | mouth | deli e- | 'mouth, lower face' | ||
| 30 | mouth | dela | 'mouth, lower face' | ||
| 31 | tooth | nio | 1 | ||
| 32 | tongue | tom lo- | |||
| 33 | to laugh | ŋiŋ | 17 | ||
| 34 | to cry | rpek | |||
| 35 | to vomit | boro | |||
| 36 | to spit | lodi | |||
| 37 | to eat | in | 1 | ||
| 38 | to chew
|
mam | 1 | ||
| 38 | to chew
|
ŋaŋ | |||
| 39 | to cook
|
mom | 'to burn'; 'to roast, to cook' | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
βitir | 'to boil'; same form as 'to squeeze' | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
βulβul | 'to boil'; reduplication; from Grace: <bulbuli̯e> ~ <vulvuli̯e> | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
kare | 'to fry' | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
to-ŋ-hum | 'to bake in an earth oven'; /to/ 'to do, to make' + /ŋ-hum/ 'earth oven' | ||
| 40 | to drink | unun | reduplication | 1, 50 | |
| 41 | to bite | ha | 1 | ||
| 42 | to suck | titi | reduplication of *ti 'breast' | 25 | |
| 43 | ear | palieŋ | 1, 23 | ||
| 44 | to hear | βa-loŋ | with causative prefix? | ||
| 44 | to hear | loŋ | from Grace: <taloŋ> ; Ross: <i melong> | 1, 36 | |
| 45 | eye | ŋoma | |||
| 45 | eye | ŋom to- | /ŋom ta-/ for 3SG | ||
| 46 | to see | so | 113 | ||
| 47 | to yawn | mama | 19 | ||
| 47 | to yawn | ŋa | |||
| 48 | to sleep | ler | |||
| 49 | to lie down
|
le~ler | < /ler/ 'to sleep', reduplication | ||
| 50 | to dream | ʝamleŋ | |||
| 51 | to sit | dun | 21 | ||
| 52 | to stand | deltu | |||
| 53 | person/human being | me-kileŋ | same form as 'correct, true' (with prefix /me-/)? | ||
| 53 | person/human being | muor | found in /de-muor/ 'one', for counting people | ||
| 54 | man/male | nobuŋ | 'young man, older boy' | ||
| 54 | man/male | horek | plural of /nobuŋ/ 'man' | ||
| 54 | man/male | lami | 'older man, husband' | ||
| 55 | woman/female | nolo | 'young woman, older girl' | ||
| 55 | woman/female | holo | plural of /nolo/ 'woman' | ||
| 55 | woman/female | pulo | 'older woman, wife' | ||
| 55 | woman/female | me-teβin | 'female'; from Grace: <metevin> | ||
| 56 | child | dukum | |||
| 56 | child | n-alum | |||
| 56 | child | korate | |||
| 56 | child | kotik | |||
| 56 | child | herek | plural of /kotik/ 'child' | ||
| 56 | child | n-alpu-n | |||
| 57 | husband | lami | |||
| 58 | wife | pulo | |||
| 59 | mother | tena- | 1 | ||
| 59 | mother | no | |||
| 59 | mother | anno | |||
| 60 | father | mimma | |||
| 60 | father | memma | from Ross: <memman> | 1, 10 | |
| 60 | father | ma | |||
| 60 | father | amma | |||
| 61 | house | bale | 14 | L? | |
| 61 | house | dono | |||
| 62 | thatch/roof | para | pandanus sp. used for thatch roofs | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | bla lo bale | 'head of house' | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | kupel | from Grace: <kupɛl> ‘roof’ | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | rurdi | from Ross: 'thatch (for roof)' | ||
| 63 | name | sae- | or /sa e-/ ? | 1, 18 | |
| 64 | to say | muŋ | 'to turn, to say' | ||
| 64 | to say | utor | 'to speak' | ||
| 65 | rope | hoa | 'vine, rope' | 41 | |
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | rar | |||
| 67 | to sew
|
soŋ | 46 | ||
| 68 | needle | diŋ | 'thorn, needle' | ||
| 68 | needle | ŋaerap | 'vine with thorns used to make needles' | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
pa | 'to hunt, to catch' | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
kolo-n | 'to hunt, to seek' | ||
| 70 | to shoot
|
kon | 25 | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | kon | 'to shoot, to stab' | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | tul | 'to hit with a stick' | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | turua | 'to stab'; from Grace | ||
| 72 | to hit
|
lap | 'to hit, to beat' | ||
| 72 | to hit
|
tul | 'to hit with a stick' | ||
| 73 | to steal | luaŋ | 56 | ||
| 73 | to steal | kairarik | |||
| 74 | to kill | him | 45 | ||
| 74 | to kill | mamade | from Grace | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead | mer | 'to die' | 1 | |
| 75 | to die, be dead | made | 'to be dead' | 1 | |
| 76 | to live, be alive | βaneban | causative prefix /βa-/ ?; with /ne=ban/ ‘the light’, i.e., ‘to cause the light’? | ||
| 76 | to live, be alive | goa | 'to stay' | ||
| 77 | to scratch
|
kariŋ | same form as 'woods, forest' | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
kombua-n | |||
| 79 | stick/wood | he | 'stick' | 1 | |
| 79 | stick/wood | ka- | class term for long things, trees, plants | 1 | |
| 79 | stick/wood | uβe | 'tree, stick'; < POc *upe 'seedling'; Oceanic loan? | L? | |
| 80 | to split
|
siŋ | 54 | ||
| 81 | sharp | me-in | 14 | ||
| 82 | dull, blunt | indum | /in-dum/ ? | ||
| 83 | to work
|
ro | |||
| 84 | to plant | βa | 6 | ||
| 85 | to choose | kae | |||
| 86 | to grow
|
mar | |||
| 87 | to swell
|
laŋ | |||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
raŋ | cf. /raŋsi/ ‘to twist’ in Grace | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
hamer | cf. /ham/ 'to braid' in Grace | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
lumbumbum | from Grace | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
βitir | same form as 'to boil' | ||
| 89 | to hold
|
luŋ | |||
| 89 | to hold
|
luŋ-mo | |||
| 90 | to dig | lil | |||
| 90 | to dig | lop | from Grace: <lɔp> | ||
| 91 | to buy | tomae | |||
| 92 | to open, uncover | konene | |||
| 92 | to open, uncover | βa-βtal | from Grace: <vavtal> ; with causative prefix? | ||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
tutoro-n | |||
| 94 | to throw
|
robel | 'to pelt' | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
ʝumani | from Grace: <i̯umani> | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
tur | 20 | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
lko | |||
| 95 | to fall
|
bu | of rain | ||
| 96 | dog | ne-pap | 37 | ||
| 97 | bird | m-men | 1 | ||
| 98 | egg | hotel | 1 | ||
| 99 | feather | ʝu lo m-men | 'hair of the bird' | ||
| 99 | feather | la-men | |||
| 99 | feather | ho-men | from Ross: <homen> | ||
| 100 | wing | kube lo- | |||
| 101 | to fly | rbe | 1 | ||
| 102 | rat | m-me | 'rat, bandicoot' | ||
| 102 | rat | ʝaŋa | 'bandicoot' | ||
| 103 | meat/flesh | burho | 10 | ||
| 103 | meat/flesh | rakabuk | 'meat, animal' | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | punon | |||
| 104 | fat/grease | ediu | from Grace: <ɛdiu> | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | hediu | from Ross | ||
| 105 | tail | piuk | |||
| 105 | tail | pelpel | 'fishtail'; reduplication | ||
| 106 | snake | gelem | |||
| 106 | snake | mosum | snake species, 'python' | ||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | bieŋ | |||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | morbieŋ | |||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | murkun | from Ross | ||
| 108 | louse
|
ŋ-kur | on humans | 1 | |
| 108 | louse
|
mnor | on dogs; 'flea'? | ||
| 108 | louse
|
n-le | nit, louse egg | ||
| 109 | mosquito | ramua | |||
| 109 | mosquito | makinkini | from Grace | 47 | |
| 110 | spider | koluak | < POc *lawaq; Oceanic loan? | L? | |
| 111 | fish | m-pe | |||
| 112 | rotten
|
me-muriu | 'soft, rotten' | ||
| 112 | rotten
|
me-u | 'smelly' | ||
| 113 | branch
|
pe-he- | |||
| 113 | branch
|
pe- | loan from Lote [pɛr-] 'arm, branch' or Kol [pɛr] 'hand'? | L? | |
| 113 | branch
|
he | 'stick' | ||
| 113 | branch
|
ra-he | from Grace: <rahɛ> | ||
| 114 | leaf | ro | 1 | ||
| 114 | leaf | ra-ro | |||
| 114 | leaf | ra- | class term for leaves | 1 | |
| 115 | root | bul-he | 'root; cassava'; < *buŋ-he ? | ||
| 115 | root | buol | 'root; cassava' | ||
| 115 | root | krie | 'buttress root' | 37 | |
| 115 | root | pto | 'buttress root' | ||
| 116 | flower | dum-he | decorative flowers, croton, purpur | ||
| 116 | flower | rum | from Grace | ||
| 116 | flower | tete | from Ross; reduplication | 86 | |
| 116 | flower | rihi | 'palm flower' | ||
| 117 | fruit | kure | 'seed, fruit' | ||
| 117 | fruit | mita | 'fruit, innards'; loan from Sulka? | L? | |
| 117 | fruit | buŋ- | class term for fruits, round things, bunches | ||
| 118 | grass | del | |||
| 118 | grass | mali | 'sword grass, kunai' | ||
| 118 | grass | ŋapa | 'cane grass, pitpit' | ||
| 119 | earth/soil | n-dan | 1 | ||
| 119 | earth/soil | e-tan | plural; 'plots of land'? | 1 | |
| 120 | stone | m-per | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | ŋ-kin | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | n-kin | |||
| 122 | water
|
n-uʝe | 2 | ||
| 123 | to flow | lakap | 'to run, to flow' | ||
| 124 | sea | nde | 'sea, salt'; < /n-te/ | 1 | |
| 125 | salt | nde | 'sea, salt'; < /n-te/ | ||
| 125 | salt | ke | salt made from ashes | 3, 55 | |
| 125 | salt | toŋ-ke | salt made from ashes; literally 'black salt'? | ||
| 126 | lake | liep | |||
| 127 | woods/forest | ledel | < /del/ 'grass'? | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | burdel | 88 | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | kariŋ | same form as 'to scratch' | ||
| 128 | sky | hiam | or /heam/ | ||
| 128 | sky | heam | or /hiam/ | ||
| 129 | moon | kaŋ | loan from Sulka? | L? | |
| 129 | moon | m-pu | archaic; found in /motom mpu/ 'menses' | ||
| 130 | star | mamar | 'firefly; star' | 96 | |
| 130 | star | notu | from Grace: <nɔtu> | ||
| 130 | star | ŋotu | from Ross: <ngotu> | ||
| 131 | cloud
|
βarhek | 63 | ||
| 131 | cloud
|
gomil | |||
| 131 | cloud
|
iga | |||
| 132 | fog | simui | 'dust, fog' | ||
| 132 | fog | nigene | from Grace: <nigɛnɛ> ; loan from Kol? | L | |
| 133 | rain | ner | singular | 1 | |
| 133 | rain | her | plural | ||
| 134 | thunder | kuluŋ | 1 | ||
| 134 | thunder | hiablab | from Grace; = 'sky hits'? | ||
| 134 | thunder | ner lap | from Ross; = 'rain hits'? | ||
| 135 | lightning | msiŋ | |||
| 135 | lightning | barap | from Grace | ||
| 135 | lightning | ner ti-m-siŋ | from Ross: <ner timsing>; 'rain cuts'? | ||
| 136 | wind | iluk | 'wind; heart' | ||
| 137 | to blow
|
pip | |||
| 137 | to blow
|
pidi | from Grace: <pidi'> | ||
| 138 | warm
|
tenten | reduplication | 12 | |
| 138 | warm
|
norban | 'fever' | ||
| 139 | cold
|
guluaŋ | |||
| 139 | cold
|
gon | 'cold place, ice' | ||
| 140 | dry
|
te-kie | |||
| 140 | dry
|
me-muo | from Ross; Grace <memuo̯> | ||
| 140 | dry
|
me-ma | [mma] | 11 | |
| 141 | wet | mulmultin | reduplication | ||
| 141 | wet | me-muk | from Ross: <memuk> | 14 | |
| 142 | heavy | mamsie | suffix /-sie/ ? | 46, 3 | |
| 143 | fire | n-ʝu | 1 | ||
| 144 | to burn
|
mom | transitive; 'to burn, to cook' | ||
| 144 | to burn
|
in | intransitive; 'to eat; to burn' | 40 | |
| 145 | smoke
|
burmil | |||
| 146 | ash | ŋ-ho | 1 | ||
| 147 | black | to-toŋ | reduplication? | ||
| 147 | black | toŋ | |||
| 147 | black | kere | from Grace; 'black; all'; loan from Kol? | 5 | L? |
| 148 | white | me-bir | |||
| 149 | red | me-mia | [memia ~ mmia] | 1 | |
| 150 | yellow | laliaŋ | 9 | ||
| 151 | green | me-βalop | |||
| 151 | green | mole | 14 | ||
| 152 | small | kakae | 78 | ||
| 152 | small | rek | 138 | ||
| 153 | big | me-pur | 135 | ||
| 154 | short
|
komkom | reduplication | 63 | |
| 155 | long
|
me-geŋ | same form as 'far' | ||
| 156 | thin
|
rara | reduplication of *ra 'leaf'? | ||
| 157 | thick
|
me-tum | 51 | ||
| 158 | narrow | kout | |||
| 158 | narrow | kurper | diminutive prefix /kur-/ ? | ||
| 158 | narrow | me-golgol | from Grace: <mɛgɔlgɔl>; reduplication; loan from Sulka? | L? | |
| 159 | wide | suku | |||
| 159 | wide | βaha | |||
| 159 | wide | poli | from Grace | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | kaka | 'sick'; reduplication? | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | kinkin | 'ache'?; reduplication? | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | loban | 'pain'; 'moan'? | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | maeli | ‘pain’; from Grace: <mae̯li> ‘pain’ | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed | kile | 'to be ashamed' | ||
| 162 | old
|
tomuŋ | cf. /muŋ/ ‘far’ | ||
| 162 | old
|
tonoru | |||
| 162 | old
|
βar | old person | ||
| 163 | new | koloŋa | 35 | ||
| 163 | new | me-marmar | from Grace: <memarmar> ; = 'sweet'?; reduplication | ||
| 164 | good | me-pka | 1 | ||
| 164 | good | te-pka | |||
| 165 | bad, evil | me-blik | |||
| 166 | correct, true | kiliŋ | 51 | ||
| 167 | night | m-beŋ | 1 | ||
| 168 | day | ŋ-ha | 'sun, day' | 1, 54 | |
| 169 | year | hona | |||
| 170 | when?
|
tem la n-ua | /tem/ < Tok Pisin 'time' | L | |
| 170 | when?
|
m-la n-ua | abbreviated form of /tem la n-ua/ ? | L | |
| 170 | when?
|
lo ŋ-ha n-ua | 'at the-day the-where?'? | ||
| 171 | to hide
|
ra | intransitive | ||
| 171 | to hide
|
βin | transitive | 1 | |
| 172 | to climb
|
mar | 'to grow, to climb' | ||
| 172 | to climb
|
luŋa | |||
| 173 | at | lo | 38 | ||
| 173 | at | au- | |||
| 174 | in, inside | au-si | |||
| 174 | in, inside | mo-si | |||
| 174 | in, inside | si | |||
| 175 | above | au-ʝali | |||
| 176 | below | au-ŋa βa | |||
| 176 | below | au-ŋa | |||
| 176 | below | βa-den | 'bottom' | ||
| 177 | this | ni | proximal | 1 | |
| 177 | this | ani | proximal | 1 | |
| 177 | this | neni | proximal | 28 | |
| 178 | that | na | medial | 1 | |
| 178 | that | ana | medial | 1 | |
| 178 | that | nena | medial | 1 | |
| 178 | that | ŋa | distal | ||
| 178 | that | ŋam | distal | ||
| 178 | that | neŋa | distal | ||
| 178 | that | neŋam | distal | ||
| 178 | that | aŋa | distal | 1 | |
| 178 | that | βarie | distal | ||
| 179 | near | tasiek | |||
| 180 | far | me-geŋ | same form as 'long' | ||
| 180 | far | muŋ | same form as 'to turn, to say' | ||
| 181 | where?
|
ua | |||
| 181 | where?
|
au ua | |||
| 181 | where?
|
ne ua | |||
| 181 | where?
|
go ua | 'to stay where?' | ||
| 182 | I | ʝo | 1 | ||
| 183 | thou | i-ke | 1 | ||
| 184 | he/she | i | 1 | ||
| 184 | he/she | bita | from Parkinson; Grace: <mbita> | ||
| 185 | we
|
i-kem | 1PL.EXCL | 2, 52 | |
| 185 | we
|
kusier | 1PL.INCL | 1, 50 | |
| 185 | we
|
i-ka | 1DU.EXCL | ||
| 185 | we
|
kuta | 1DU.INCL | ||
| 186 | you | i-kom | 2PL | 1 | |
| 186 | you | i-kuma | 2DU | ||
| 187 | they | ti | 3PL | 25 | |
| 187 | they | toro | 3DU | ||
| 188 | what?
|
mene | |||
| 188 | what?
|
boka | |||
| 188 | what?
|
a- | found in /a-mo(r)/ 'who?'? | 84 | |
| 189 | who?
|
a-mo | |||
| 189 | who?
|
a-mor | 'what person?'? | ||
| 190 | other | bara | ? | ||
| 190 | other | detu | ? /de-tu/ ?; part of 'three'; 'one-other'? | ||
| 190 | other | βadik | 'other, another' | ||
| 190 | other | a-si | 'some, something, other'?; < POc *sai 'who?'? | ||
| 191 | all | birbir | reduplication: 'white-white' | ||
| 191 | all | kere | from Grace; 'black; all'; loan from Kol? | L? | |
| 192 | and | mo | 2 | ||
| 192 | and | na | loan from Tok Pisin? | 2 | L? |
| 193 | if | ke | from Grace; = 'thou'? | 1 | |
| 193 | if | to | ? | ||
| 194 | how?
|
kone | |||
| 195 | no, not | ka | 86 | ||
| 196 | to count | βa-ho | with causative prefix? | ||
| 197 | One
|
de-nan | for counting things: 'one-that'? | ||
| 197 | One
|
de-muor | for counting people | ||
| 197 | One
|
de-buŋ | for counting fruit | ||
| 197 | One
|
de- | 14 | ||
| 198 | Two
|
horo | 1 | ||
| 198 | Two
|
ro | dual marker | 1 | |
| 199 | Three
|
horo-m-detu | 'two-and-another'? | ||
| 200 | Four
|
horo mo horo | 'two and two' | ||
| 201 | Five
|
liem | loan?; retention of 'five', despite change in form of 'hand' and loss of 'three' and 'four'? | 1 | |
| 201 | Five
|
ko liem | from Grace: <ko lie̯m> ~ <kolie̯m>; /ko/ = ‘fist’?; /liem/ a loan? | L? | |
| 202 | Six
|
horo mo denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'two and one'? | ||
| 202 | Six
|
denan ua denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'one below one'? | ||
| 202 | Six
|
liem denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'five one'?; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 202 | Six
|
denan-ken | |||
| 202 | Six
|
liem denan mo denan | from Ross; 'five one and one'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
liem horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'five two'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
horu-ken | from Grace: <hɔrukɛn>; ‘two again’? | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
liem horo-m-detu | ad hoc formulation?; 'five two-and-another'?; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
horu-m-detu-ken | from Grace: <hɔrumdetukɛn>; ‘two-and-another again’? | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
liem horo mo horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'five two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
horu-horu-ken | |||
| 205 | Nine
|
liem denan mo horo mo horo | from Ross; 'five one and two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
ro-liem | ad hoc formulation?; 'two five'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
ro-liem horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'two five two'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
liem denan | ad hoc formulation?; 'five one'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
timdel | from Grace; = 'it is a part'? | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
ro-liem kere | from Ross: <roliem kere> ; 'two-five all'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
liem | from Parkinson: <līem> ; ‘five’; loan? | ||
| 207 | Twenty
|
ro-liem horo mo horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'two five two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 207 | Twenty
|
e liem horo mo horo | ad hoc formulation?; 'PL five two and two'; /liem/ a loan? | ||
| 207 | Twenty
|
ro-m-ro tamdel | |||
| 207 | Twenty
|
tamdil | from Parkinson; 'it is a part'? | ||
| 208 | Fifty
|
liem | from Grace: <lie̯m> ; ad hoc formulation?; ‘five’; loan? | ||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
ro-m-ro tamdel | |||
| 210 | One Thousand
|
me-utu | 'many'; no known word for 1,000 |




