| ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
| 175 |
above |
'oluga |
Above (Rch) B. [<] |
9 |
|
| 175 |
above |
'oluga |
DUP |
9 |
|
| 191 |
all |
fulifuli |
All |
14 |
|
| 191 |
all |
katoa |
Tout, universel, complet |
13 |
|
| 192 |
and |
mo |
Et, avec (Rch) |
9 |
|
| 146 |
ash |
lefulefu |
Cendre (Rch) |
67 |
|
| 173 |
at |
ì |
Dans, en, sur (Rch) |
1 |
|
| 173 |
at |
tei |
Presque; sur le point de; quasi (Btn) [<] |
5 |
|
| 13 |
back
|
tu'a |
Pollex 06: Tu`a. :Back. |
11 |
|
| 165 |
bad, evil |
kovi |
L from Tongan |
10 |
L |
| 14 |
belly |
kona |
Lower abdomen (Btn) |
8 |
|
| 14 |
belly |
manava |
Belly, stomach |
9 |
|
| 14 |
belly |
àlo |
Stomach (of chief) |
10 |
|
| 176 |
below |
lalo |
Under, below |
8 |
|
| 153 |
big |
lahi |
Large |
12 |
|
| 97 |
bird |
manu |
Animal, bete (Ren) |
1 |
|
| 97 |
bird |
manu lele |
Bird |
1 |
|
| 147 |
black |
'uli |
Black, dark |
7 |
|
| 23 |
blood |
toto |
Blood |
4 |
|
| 15 |
bone |
hui |
L from Tongan (Marck 1999) PPN *h > ∅ |
52 |
L |
| 113 |
branch
|
vaà |
L from Tongan |
65 |
L |
| 113 |
branch
|
àkau |
L from Tongan |
1, 4 |
L |
| 18 |
breast |
huhu |
L from Tongan (likely) |
1 |
L |
| 56 |
child |
tamaliki |
Children (Rch) |
6, 63 |
|
| 56 |
child |
tamasiì |
L from Tongan |
6, 103 |
L |
| 56 |
child |
tamasiì |
L from Tongan |
6, 103 |
L |
| 131 |
cloud
|
ào |
Cloud |
12 |
|
| 139 |
cold
|
makalili |
Chilly |
1, 52 |
|
| 139 |
cold
|
ànufea |
Froid (Rch) |
8 |
|
| 139 |
cold
|
ànufea |
Froid (Rch) |
8 |
|
| 166 |
correct, true |
tonu |
Droit, justice, exactitude (Rch) |
8 |
|
| 168 |
day |
àho |
L from Tongan |
1, 54 |
L |
| 168 |
day |
àho |
DUP |
x |
|
| 10 |
dirty |
kelekele |
Dirty |
10 |
|
| 10 |
dirty |
liko |
Dirty (Btn); This is actually a very relevant item that has cognates in other PN languages that just are not represented in this list. - MW |
|
|
| 10 |
dirty |
palapala |
Wet (as soiled clothing) |
7 |
|
| 96 |
dog |
kulii |
Dog |
7 |
|
| 140 |
dry
|
maha |
Empty, dry |
11 |
|
| 140 |
dry
|
malo |
Seche (Btn) |
13 |
|
| 82 |
dull, blunt |
|
|
|
|
| 11 |
dust |
efu |
Poussier, boue seche |
1 |
|
| 43 |
ear |
taliga |
Ear (Bgs) |
1 |
|
| 119 |
earth/soil |
kele |
Earth |
10 |
|
| 119 |
earth/soil |
kelekele |
Dirty |
10 |
|
| 98 |
egg |
|
|
|
|
| 204 |
Eight
|
valu |
Pollex 06: Valu. :Eight. |
3 |
|
| 45 |
eye |
mata |
|
1 |
|
| 180 |
far |
mama'o |
Distant, far off |
13 |
|
| 180 |
far |
tau mama'o |
Profond, eloigne, distant (Btn) |
1, 13 |
|
| 104 |
fat/grease |
huni |
L from Tongan |
12 |
L |
| 60 |
father |
tamai |
L from Tongan |
1, 52 |
L |
| 99 |
feather |
palaa |
Grande plume de paille en queue ou de coq (Btn) |
5 |
|
| 208 |
Fifty
|
|
|
|
|
| 143 |
fire |
afi |
Feu (Rch) |
1 |
|
| 111 |
fish |
ika |
Fish n |
1 |
|
| 201 |
Five
|
nima |
L from Tongan (Pawley 2010) |
1 |
L |
| 116 |
flower |
fisi |
Fleur |
8 |
|
| 132 |
fog |
kokofu |
|
1, 47 |
|
| 200 |
Four
|
faa |
Four |
1, 66 |
|
| 117 |
fruit |
fua |
Fruit |
1 |
|
| 164 |
good |
lelei |
Bien |
17 |
|
| 164 |
good |
maalie |
etre bien |
16 |
|
| 118 |
grass |
mohuku |
Herbe (Btn) B. [<] |
58 |
|
| 118 |
grass |
musie |
Pelouse, gazon, herbe trainante (Btn) |
13 |
|
| 151 |
green |
moto |
Green, unripe |
1, 10 |
|
| 26 |
hair
|
fulu |
Longs cheveux (Btn) |
31 |
|
| 26 |
hair
|
lau ulu |
Longs cheveux (Btn) |
40 |
|
| 1 |
hand |
nima |
Loan from Tongan (Pawley 2010) |
1, 64 |
L |
| 184 |
he/she |
ia |
Third person singular personal pronoun |
1 |
|
| 24 |
head |
'ulu |
Head |
1 |
|
| 142 |
heavy |
mamafa |
Heavy |
46 |
|
| 61 |
house |
fale |
House |
14 |
|
| 194 |
how?
|
fefeai |
How? why? (Btn) |
11 |
|
| 194 |
how?
|
feafeaì |
How? [<] |
11 |
|
| 57 |
husband |
|
|
|
|
| 182 |
I |
koau |
|
1, 21 |
|
| 193 |
if |
|
|
|
|
| 174 |
in, inside |
ì |
Dans, en, Ö, sur (Rch) |
x |
|
| 16 |
intestines |
gaakau |
Intestin, boyaux, entrailles, tripes (Rch) |
12 |
|
| 126 |
lake |
lano |
In names of lakes on the island (Bgs) |
1 |
|
| 126 |
lake |
ano |
L from Tongan |
1 |
L |
| 126 |
lake |
namo |
Lagoon; shallow area of the sea |
7 |
|
| 114 |
leaf |
lau |
Leaf |
1 |
|
| 2 |
left |
hema |
Left (Btn) |
11 |
|
| 4 |
leg/foot |
va'e |
Leg |
1, 100 |
|
| 135 |
lightning |
'uhila |
L from Tongan (Pawley 2010; Biggs 1980) |
2 |
L |
| 17 |
liver |
àte |
Foie (Rch) |
1 |
|
| 155 |
long
|
loa |
Long |
12, 105 |
|
| 108 |
louse
|
kutu |
Louse |
1 |
|
| 108 |
louse
|
tuma |
Bodylouse |
3 |
|
| 54 |
man/male |
taàne |
Male |
1, 11 |
|
| 103 |
meat/flesh |
me'a kai |
|
|
|
| 129 |
moon |
maahina |
Moon |
37, 5 |
|
| 109 |
mosquito |
namu |
Mosquito |
1 |
|
| 59 |
mother |
fa'e |
Mere, tante (Btn) |
6 |
|
| 30 |
mouth |
mutu (?) |
|
2 |
|
| 63 |
name |
higoa |
L from Tongan |
6 |
L |
| 158 |
narrow |
veliveli |
|
|
|
| 179 |
near |
tata |
Near |
9 |
|
| 25 |
neck |
uà |
Neck, throat |
18 |
|
| 25 |
neck |
kia |
L from Tongan |
20 |
L |
| 68 |
needle |
hau |
L from Tongan (Biggs 1980) PPN *h > ∅ |
1 |
L |
| 68 |
needle |
hika |
Net-needle |
9 |
|
| 163 |
new |
fo'ou |
New |
1 |
|
| 167 |
night |
poo |
Night (Btn) |
1 |
|
| 167 |
night |
poo'uli |
Nuit, tenebres, obscurite (Rch) B. [<] |
1, 10 |
|
| 205 |
Nine
|
hiva |
L from Tongan |
5 |
L |
| 195 |
no, not |
hèe |
Sans (Rch) |
13 |
|
| 27 |
nose |
ihu |
Nose |
1 |
|
| 162 |
old
|
matua |
|
1 |
|
| 197 |
One
|
tahi |
One |
41 |
|
| 209 |
One Hundred
|
teau |
L from Tongan |
2 |
L |
| 210 |
One Thousand
|
afe |
Thousand.(Source: Pollex) |
3 |
|
| 190 |
other |
tahi |
|
7 |
|
| 160 |
painful, sick |
mahaki |
Sickness |
1 |
|
| 53 |
person/human being |
tagata |
Man |
1, 66, 97 |
|
| 133 |
rain |
'ua |
Rain |
1 |
|
| 102 |
rat |
kuma |
Rat |
13 |
|
| 149 |
red |
kula |
Pollex 06: Kula. Red. |
13 |
|
| 3 |
right |
mata'u |
Right (not left) |
5, 13 |
|
| 6 |
road/path |
kauala |
Bords d'un chemin (Btn) |
1 |
|
| 6 |
road/path |
ala |
Road, path |
1 |
|
| 115 |
root |
aka |
Root |
2 |
|
| 65 |
rope |
maea |
Corde, cable Btn) |
10 |
|
| 65 |
rope |
taula |
Ancre, cable (Btn) |
9 |
|
| 112 |
rotten
|
pala |
Rotten, wet |
13 |
|
| 112 |
rotten
|
popo |
Gate, deteriore, pourri (Rch) |
14 |
|
| 125 |
salt |
tai |
(salt water) |
20 |
|
| 121 |
sand |
one |
Sand |
1 |
|
| 124 |
sea |
vaha |
Distance, haute mer, espace (Rch) |
12 |
|
| 203 |
Seven
|
fitu |
Seven.(Source: Pollex) |
1 |
|
| 81 |
sharp |
maasila |
L from Tongan |
2 |
L |
| 154 |
short
|
pukupuku |
Short, small |
3 |
|
| 19 |
shoulder |
uma |
Epaule (Btn) |
10 |
|
| 19 |
shoulder |
'uma |
Epaule (Rch) |
10 |
|
| 161 |
shy, ashamed |
luma |
Be ashamed |
4 |
|
| 161 |
shy, ashamed |
maa |
Feel ashamed (Btn) |
1 |
|
| 202 |
Six
|
ono |
|
1 |
|
| 12 |
skin |
kili |
|
1 |
|
| 128 |
sky |
lagi |
Sky |
1 |
|
| 152 |
small |
siì |
Petit, un peu (Rch) B. [<] |
141 |
|
| 152 |
small |
pukupuku |
Short, small |
12 |
|
| 145 |
smoke
|
àhu |
Likely L from Tongan |
2 |
L |
| 106 |
snake |
|
|
|
|
| 110 |
spider |
kaleveleve |
Araignee (Btn) |
1 |
|
| 110 |
spider |
kavelevele |
Araignee (Btn) |
1 |
|
| 130 |
star |
fetu'u |
Etoile (Rch) |
1 |
|
| 79 |
stick/wood |
laàkau |
A kind of club |
1, 26 |
|
| 79 |
stick/wood |
àkau |
L from Tongan |
1, 26 |
L |
| 120 |
stone |
maka |
Pierre, rocher |
4 |
|
| 105 |
tail |
hiku |
(of fish) |
13 |
|
| 206 |
Ten
|
hogofulu |
L from Tongan |
5 |
L |
| 178 |
that |
kohee |
|
|
|
| 62 |
thatch/roof |
àto |
Toit (Rch) |
1 |
|
| 187 |
they |
naaua |
3P dual (L form Tongan) |
|
L |
| 157 |
thick
|
maatolu |
Epais (Rch) |
3 |
|
| 156 |
thin
|
manifi |
Thin |
1 |
|
| 156 |
thin
|
pakau(kau) |
Mince; fluet; grand maigre (Btn) |
6 |
|
| 156 |
thin
|
pakaukau |
Mince; fluet; grand maigre (Btn) |
6 |
|
| 156 |
thin
|
pakaupakau |
Mince; fluet; grand maigre (Btn) |
6 |
|
| 177 |
this |
eni |
Pollex 06: <Eni. This (Ply) B.>. |
1 |
|
| 183 |
thou |
kee |
Second person singular preposed subject pronoun (Bgs) |
5 |
|
| 183 |
thou |
kee |
Second person singular preposed subject pronoun (Bgs) |
5 |
|
| 183 |
thou |
koe |
You (Sing.) |
1 |
|
| 183 |
thou |
koe |
You (Sing.) |
1 |
|
| 199 |
Three
|
tolu |
Three |
1 |
|
| 134 |
thunder |
faisisili |
Thunder (Btn) |
14 |
|
| 134 |
thunder |
mana |
|
37 |
|
| 134 |
thunder |
mana |
|
37 |
|
| 41 |
to bite |
u'u |
Mordre (Btn) |
8 |
|
| 137 |
to blow
|
agi(agi) |
Blow continuously |
8 |
|
| 137 |
to blow
|
ifi |
Blow with mouth (Btn) |
5 |
|
| 137 |
to blow
|
pupuhi |
Souffler (Rch) |
6 |
|
| 137 |
to blow
|
havili |
Brise, vent leger; venter, souffler (Rch) |
11 |
|
| 28 |
to breathe |
gaàgaà |
Oppresse, ensouffle, hors de haleine (Rch) |
10 |
|
| 28 |
to breathe |
maanava |
Breath, breathe |
1 |
|
| 144 |
to burn
|
tutu |
Mettre le feu a (Rch) |
1, 6 |
|
| 144 |
to burn
|
kakaha |
L from Tongan (Biggs 1980) |
62 |
L |
| 91 |
to buy |
|
|
|
|
| 38 |
to chew
|
lamu |
Pollex 06: Lamu. :Chew. |
7 |
|
| 38 |
to chew
|
mama |
Pollex 06: Mama. :Chew. |
1 |
|
| 85 |
to choose |
fili |
Select, choose |
1 |
|
| 172 |
to climb
|
kake |
Climb |
32 |
|
| 7 |
to come |
a'u |
Parvenir ..., arriver |
44 |
|
| 39 |
to cook
|
haka |
Faire bouillir dans un vase, faire fondre (Btn) |
2 |
|
| 39 |
to cook
|
ta'o |
Mettre au four indigine ('umu), cuire, faire cuire |
10 |
|
| 196 |
to count |
lau |
Compter, calculer |
62 |
|
| 196 |
to count |
lau |
Compter |
62 |
|
| 34 |
to cry |
tagi |
Pleurer, se lamenter |
1 |
|
| 78 |
to cut, hack
|
fahi |
Fendre |
13 |
|
| 78 |
to cut, hack
|
ihi |
Fendre, couper (Btn) |
10 |
|
| 78 |
to cut, hack
|
kamu |
Couper, rogner, raccourcir.(Rch) |
15 |
|
| 78 |
to cut, hack
|
hele |
Knife, cut |
16 |
|
| 78 |
to cut, hack
|
tu'u |
To cut (Btn) |
17 |
|
| 75 |
to die, be dead |
mate |
Die, dead |
1 |
|
| 90 |
to dig |
keli |
Dig (Btn) |
1 |
|
| 90 |
to dig |
hue |
dig.(Rch) |
|
|
| 50 |
to dream |
misi |
Dream |
36 |
|
| 40 |
to drink |
inu |
|
1 |
|
| 37 |
to eat |
kai |
Food, eat |
1, 47 |
|
| 37 |
to eat |
'omaki |
Boire en mangeant (Rch) |
x |
|
| 95 |
to fall
|
mokulu |
Tomber (Btn) B. [<] |
11 |
|
| 95 |
to fall
|
malele |
Accourir, se precipiter (Btn) |
12 |
|
| 95 |
to fall
|
higa |
To fall |
44 |
|
| 22 |
to fear |
mataku |
Afraid, fear |
1 |
|
| 123 |
to flow |
hali |
Flow, fall (of water) |
24 |
|
| 123 |
to flow |
tafe |
Couler, s'ecouler; torrent (Btn) |
10 |
|
| 101 |
to fly |
lele |
Fly, run |
11 |
|
| 86 |
to grow
|
homo |
Sortir de terre (Btn) |
7 |
|
| 86 |
to grow
|
tupu |
Naissance, croissance; naitre, croitre, germer (Rch) |
1 |
|
| 44 |
to hear |
fanogo |
Ecouter |
1, 59 |
|
| 44 |
to hear |
fagono |
Ecouter |
1, 59 |
|
| 44 |
to hear |
logo |
To hear, news |
1 |
|
| 171 |
to hide
|
mu(mu)ni |
Hide an object |
1, 67 |
|
| 72 |
to hit
|
paa |
Touch, strike |
13 |
|
| 72 |
to hit
|
paki |
Paaki-a |
6 |
|
| 72 |
to hit
|
haha |
Battre, flageller (Btn) |
12 |
|
| 72 |
to hit
|
taa |
Battre, frapper (Btn) |
10 |
|
| 72 |
to hit
|
tuki |
Strike, beat |
8 |
|
| 89 |
to hold
|
kuku |
Grasp |
12 |
|
| 89 |
to hold
|
puke |
Saisir, prendre (Rch) |
13 |
|
| 89 |
to hold
|
hapo |
Catch a thrown object in the hands (Rch) |
15 |
|
| 89 |
to hold
|
tago |
Prendre, porte la main a (Btn) |
14 |
|
| 69 |
to hunt
|
|
|
|
|
| 74 |
to kill |
tamatei |
|
2 |
|
| 20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
ìloa |
Be known |
13 |
|
| 20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
mahani |
Habituee, accoutume (Btn) |
14 |
|
| 20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
popoto |
Sage, adroit, savant (Btn) |
15 |
|
| 33 |
to laugh |
kata |
Laugh |
7 |
|
| 49 |
to lie down
|
takoto |
(on side) |
7, 10 |
|
| 76 |
to live, be alive |
ola |
Life, be alive (Btn) |
6 |
|
| 76 |
to live, be alive |
ma'uli |
Life, alive, soul |
1, 76 |
|
| 92 |
to open, uncover |
faài |
Fendre, ouvrir, separer (Btn) |
9 |
|
| 84 |
to plant |
too |
Planter (Rch) |
4 |
|
| 93 |
to pound, beat
|
tuki |
Strike, beat |
2 |
|
| 64 |
to say |
|
|
|
|
| 77 |
to scratch
|
alasi |
To scratch B. [<] |
x |
|
| 46 |
to see |
sio |
L from Tongan (Biggs 1980) |
132 |
L |
| 67 |
to sew
|
tui |
Sew |
13, 16 |
|
| 70 |
to shoot
|
fana |
Shoot |
1 |
|
| 51 |
to sit |
nofo |
Sit |
16 |
|
| 48 |
to sleep |
moe |
Sleep |
10, 109 |
|
| 29 |
to sniff, smell |
hogi |
Smell |
9 |
|
| 36 |
to spit |
kisu |
L from East Futunan |
14, 56 |
L |
| 36 |
to spit |
puàki |
Spit out |
16 |
|
| 36 |
to spit |
aanu |
Cracher (Btn) |
14, 84, 121 |
|
| 36 |
to spit |
anu |
|
14, 84, 121 |
|
| 80 |
to split
|
ta'aga |
|
|
|
| 88 |
to squeeze
|
fota |
Palper, frotter avec les mains |
8, 2, 93 |
|
| 88 |
to squeeze
|
lolomi |
Press upon, massage |
10 |
|
| 71 |
to stab, pierce |
hoka |
Stab, pierce |
67 |
|
| 71 |
to stab, pierce |
huki |
Pierce, spit |
1, 8 |
|
| 52 |
to stand |
tu'u |
|
2 |
|
| 73 |
to steal |
kaiha'a |
L from Tongan |
7 |
L |
| 42 |
to suck |
misimisi |
Sucer (Ren) |
8 |
|
| 42 |
to suck |
mihi |
Sucer (Ren) [<] |
8 |
|
| 42 |
to suck |
momi |
Manger sans dents, sucer |
71 |
|
| 87 |
to swell
|
fufula |
Enfle |
7 |
|
| 9 |
to swim |
kakau |
Swim |
5 |
|
| 9 |
to swim |
kau |
Swim (Btn) |
5 |
|
| 21 |
to think |
mahalo |
To think |
8 |
|
| 21 |
to think |
manatu |
Souvenir, pensee, memoire (Rch) |
9 |
|
| 94 |
to throw
|
pèehi |
Jeter a terre avec force B. (Btn) |
12 |
|
| 94 |
to throw
|
àtu |
Lancer, jeter (Rch) |
13 |
|
| 66 |
to tie up, fasten |
lii |
Bind, tie, coil, wrap around |
14 |
|
| 8 |
to turn
|
fulihi |
turn aside |
15 |
|
| 35 |
to vomit |
lu(lu)a |
Vomit |
8 |
|
| 35 |
to vomit |
puàki |
Spit out |
1, 32 |
|
| 5 |
to walk |
ha'ele |
Go on foot (Rch) |
6 |
|
| 5 |
to walk |
haaere |
Go on foot (pl.) (Rch) |
6 |
|
| 83 |
to work
|
ngaaue |
L from Tongan |
11 |
L |
| 83 |
to work
|
galue |
Travail (arch.) (Rch) |
11 |
|
| 83 |
to work
|
gaaue |
L from Tongan |
11 |
L |
| 47 |
to yawn |
mamaao |
Bíiller, fumer; s'evaporer (Btn) [<] |
19, 28 |
|
| 32 |
tongue |
àlelo |
Tongue |
15 |
|
| 31 |
tooth |
nifo |
Tooth |
1 |
|
| 207 |
Twenty
|
|
|
|
|
| 198 |
Two
|
lua |
Two |
1 |
|
| 138 |
warm
|
maafana |
Chaleur, chaud (Rch) |
1, 72 |
|
| 138 |
warm
|
mafana |
Warm |
1, 72 |
|
| 122 |
water
|
vai |
Water |
2 |
|
| 185 |
we
|
maa |
First person dual exclusive preposed pronoun |
2 |
|
| 185 |
we
|
tou |
First person incl. plural incorporated pronoun (Btn) |
39 |
|
| 141 |
wet |
palapala |
Pollex 06: Palapala. :Wet. |
38 |
|
| 188 |
what?
|
aa |
What?, why? |
84 |
|
| 170 |
when?
|
afea |
When? (future) (Btn) |
5 |
|
| 181 |
where?
|
fea |
Where? |
3, 35 |
|
| 148 |
white |
tea |
White |
8 |
|
| 189 |
who?
|
ai |
Who? |
1 |
|
| 159 |
wide |
laulahi |
Largeur |
73, 9 |
|
| 58 |
wife |
fine matuà |
Old woman |
5, 9 |
|
| 136 |
wind |
matagi |
Vent, brise (Ren) |
1, 66 |
|
| 136 |
wind |
havili |
Brise, vent leger; venter, souffler (Rch) |
11 |
|
| 100 |
wing |
kapakau |
Wing |
1, 59 |
|
| 55 |
woman/female |
fafine |
Woman |
1, 106 |
|
| 55 |
woman/female |
fafine |
Woman |
1, 106 |
|
| 127 |
woods/forest |
ulu |
|
15 |
|
| 127 |
woods/forest |
vao |
|
14 |
|
| 107 |
worm (earthworm) |
kelemutu |
|
9 |
|
| 169 |
year |
ta'u |
Year |
1 |
|
| 150 |
yellow |
legalega |
|
10 |
|
| 186 |
you |
kolua |
Second person dual pronoun, preposed form (Rch) |
x |
|
| 186 |
you |
kotou |
Short form of 2nd person plural pronoun (Rch) |
16 |
|
| 186 |
you |
koulua |
Second person dual pronoun, you (Ply) |
x |
|
| 186 |
you |
koutou |
Second person plural pronoun in nucleus of the phrase |
16 |
|