https://abvd.eva.mpg.de : Austronesian : Crows : Bantu :

Language: Saipan Carolinian

Source/Author:  Bender et al. (2003a,b) 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:cal  Glottocode: caro1242 
Notes:  Bender, W.B., Goodenough, W.H., Jackson, F.H., Marck, J.C., Rehg, K.L., Sohn, H., Trussel, S. & Wang, J.W. (2003) Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions I & II. 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Simon Greenhill  Checked By:  
Statistics:   
Classification:  Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:Micronesian:Micronesian Proper:Ponapeic-Trukic:Trukic 
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Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
2 left      
3 right      
7 to come      
10 dirty      
11 dust      
29 to sniff, smell      
32 tongue      
43 ear      
64 to say      
68 needle      
69 to hunt word info      
70 to shoot word info      
78 to cut, hack word info      
83 to work word info      
89 to hold word info      
91 to buy      
96 dog      
97 bird      
100 wing      
104 fat/grease      
105 tail      
106 snake      
107 worm (earthworm)      
110 spider      
111 fish      
125 salt      
126 lake      
131 cloud word info      
132 fog      
135 lightning      
138 warm word info      
148 white      
149 red      
158 narrow      
159 wide      
161 shy, ashamed      
162 old word info      
164 good      
165 bad, evil      
169 year      
175 above      
176 below      
190 other      
191 all      
194 how? word info      
196 to count      
199 Three word info      
206 Ten word info      
207 Twenty word info      
208 Fifty word info      
76 to live, be alive (a)-ma-lawa   7  
47 to yawn (a)-móó-(l)   19  
146 ash (a)-mʷmʷó-ósh ashes (as from a cigarete) 9  
39 to cook word info (a)-mʷoot to cook food 19, 82  
37 to eat (a)-mʷoŋoo-(w) to feed someone 8  
143 fire (a-ghúú)-áf light a signal fire 1  
145 smoke word info (bʷa)-at smoky 2  
145 smoke word info (bʷa)-atiyat be smoking lightly 2  
5 to walk (fara)-fetál somewhere, randomly, 8  
48 to sleep (ghúla)-mʷmʷey be sleeping deeply    
170 when? word info (i)-lee-t   1, 24  
170 when? word info (i)-lee-ta   1, 24  
178 that (i)-mʷu that one (close to hearer) 11  
178 that (i)-mʷuu-l that one (close to hearer, emphatic) 11  
177 this (i)-yeel this one ( emphatic ) 1, 33  
178 that (i)-yeel that one (emphatic) 1  
189 who? word info (i)-yo   9  
189 who? word info (ii)-yo   9  
188 what? word info (mee)-t what? 1, 64  
188 what? word info (mee)-ta what? 1, 64  
193 if (ŋ)-are   7  
193 if (ŋ)-áre or (<ŋe are) 7  
193 if (ŋá)-áre if 7  
209 One Hundred word info -bwúghúw   20  
186 you -ghámi   1, 13  
195 no, not -se   4  
152 small -shigh   81  
210 One Thousand word info -ŋé-réw   17  
179 near a-rap be near 13  
6 road/path aal path/road/his path 1  
30 mouth aaw   36  
19 shoulder aifar shoulder 1  
19 shoulder aifara-(l) his shoulder 1  
19 shoulder aifár   1  
179 near akka-rap come closer/approach 13  
94 to throw word info akkesh to throw 14  
94 to throw word info akkásh to throw 14  
6 road/path ala-(l)   1  
171 to hide word info ap to hide oneself from people 5  
53 person/human being ara-mas   67, 70  
151 green araw blue 13, 52  
151 green arawaraw blue 13, 52  
53 person/human being are-mas   67, 70  
94 to throw word info ashe-(y) to throw s.t. 14  
94 to throw word info ashee-(y) to throw s.t. 14  
186 you aw   36  
30 mouth awa-(l)   36  
185 we word info ay excl. 43  
19 shoulder ayúfar carry a load on the shoulder 1  
37 to eat aŋi to eat something 1  
112 rotten word info bʷa be rotten on one side (of fruit) 17  
112 rotten word info bʷaa- be rotten on one side (of fruit) 17  
87 to swell word info bʷo   9  
87 to swell word info bʷoo   9  
87 to swell word info bʷoobʷo   9  
27 nose bʷoot   1, 12  
27 nose bʷootú-   1, 12  
167 night bʷooŋ   1  
167 night bʷoŋi-   1  
123 to flow bʷu to flow 11  
166 correct, true bʷuŋ be right, correct 12  
57 husband bʷúlú-wa- spouse 16  
58 wife bʷúlú-wa- spouse 10  
183 thou eel   6  
197 One word info eet   1  
120 stone faay   1  
120 stone faaú   1  
33 to laugh faffas to laugh 10  
146 ash falaŋ wood-burning stove,cooking fire, hibachi, ashes, charcoal, charred wood 8  
120 stone fayú-(l)   1  
88 to squeeze word info fei-ŋi to squeeze (something) with the hand. Note: metathesis of vowels 15  
118 grass fetil   1  
5 to walk fetál around 8  
33 to laugh ffas to laugh 10  
85 to choose ffil to choose/select 1  
139 cold word info ffooy feel cold 11  
163 new ffé be new 1  
139 cold word info ffééy feel cold 11  
84 to plant ffót   6  
86 to grow word info ffóól   8  
86 to grow word info ffóóla-a-(y)   8  
86 to grow word info ffóólá-á-li   8  
85 to choose fili choose it 1  
203 Seven word info fisu   1  
118 grass fitil   1  
103 meat/flesh fitugh   10  
103 meat/flesh fitúg   10  
200 Four word info fáál   1, 69  
66 to tie up, fasten féé-tagh set an anchor, tie up a boat 11  
84 to plant fóto-ghi   6  
84 to plant fóót   6  
130 star fúú   1  
130 star fúú-(l)   1  
182 I ghaaŋ ghaaŋ = analogical back formation 12  
102 rat gheesh   16  
33 to laugh ghekkáy to giggle/chuckle 11  
90 to dig gheli-ŋi dig up (s.t.) 1  
77 to scratch word info gheregher to scratch 12  
77 to scratch word info gheri to scratch/grate something 12  
77 to scratch word info gherigher to scratch 12  
41 to bite ghey to tear off the husk of coconut or sugarcane with the teeth 38, 73  
12 skin ghiil   1  
185 we word info ghiish incl. 1, 42  
152 small ghikkit   80  
12 skin ghili   1  
152 small ghit   80  
152 small ghitighiit   80  
183 thou gho- archaic 1  
20 to know, be knowledgeable ghule to know / learn 18  
20 to know, be knowledgeable ghule-e-(y) to know someone/something 18  
144 to burn word info ghú be alight, smolder, be burning 10  
108 louse word info ghúúw   1  
1 hand gumʷush wing and hand 9  
1 hand gumʷushú-(l) wing and hand of 9  
173 at i-   1  
181 where? word info i-fa   3, 48  
184 he/she ii independent pronoun 1  
59 mother iil   1  
61 house iimʷ   1, 48  
187 they iir   1, 70  
63 name iit   66  
59 mother ila-(l)   1  
26 hair word info ileila- feather/fur/body hair 10  
99 feather ileila- feathers/fur/body hair 30  
61 house imʷa-(l)   1, 48  
63 name ita-   66  
181 where? word info iya   37  
90 to dig kkel dig a hole with a digging implement 1  
90 to dig kkeli-ŋi dig (a hole) with an implement 1  
81 sharp kkáŋ   14, 68  
77 to scratch word info kkéét to be scratchy/itchy 11  
82 dull, blunt kkóbʷ   13  
153 big lap   10  
56 child layú-   5  
201 Five word info liim   1  
201 Five word info lim-mal   1  
201 Five word info lima-   1  
201 Five word info lime-igh   1  
201 Five word info limo-uw   1  
55 woman/female liya-   6  
55 woman/female liye-   6  
153 big llape-   10  
74 to kill lli to hit 11  
174 in, inside lló-(l) inside of it 1  
155 long word info láálááy be long, tall 13  
128 sky lááŋ heaven 1  
109 mosquito lómʷo-(l) mosquito of 1  
109 mosquito lóómʷ mosquito 1  
38 to chew word info lúúlú to chew on 59  
38 to chew word info lúúlúú-(w) to chew 59  
157 thick word info ma-aliyél   3  
76 to live, be alive ma-law   7  
129 moon ma-ram moon, month 7  
22 to fear ma-sagh   1  
124 sea ma-taw   13  
157 thick word info maaléél   3  
45 eye maas   1  
48 to sleep mayúr sleep 1  
192 and me and (with) 2  
22 to fear me-sagh   1  
22 to fear me-ságh   1  
124 sea me-taw   13  
45 eye mesa-(l)   1  
160 painful, sick metágh painful/hurt 1  
140 dry word info mmat be dry/low (of water)/be low tide 11  
75 to die, be dead die 1  
156 thin word info má-lifilif thin/flimsy 1  
157 thick word info má-áliyél   3  
75 to die, be dead máá death 1  
21 to think máŋimáŋ be thinking, thought, idea 11  
47 to yawn móó-(l-atél)   19  
51 to sit móót to sit 18, 101  
51 to sit móót-(tiw) to sit down 18, 101  
51 to sit móóte-(tiw) to sit down 18, 101  
35 to vomit mʷmʷus   1  
39 to cook word info mʷoot be cooked 19, 82  
39 to cook word info mʷoot   19, 82  
39 to cook word info mʷoota-   19, 82  
95 to fall word info mʷoromʷor to fall (as rain or fruit from tree) 16  
154 short word info mʷoshomʷoosh   12  
37 to eat mʷoŋo staple food 8  
54 man/male mʷáál man/male 1  
146 ash mʷó-ósh ashes (as from a cigarete) 9  
140 dry word info mʷór evaporate/dry up 13  
140 dry word info mʷóra-ló evaporate/dry up 13  
73 to steal mʷósho to steal/be wild/rascally/untamed (of animals) 9  
54 man/male olo- man/male/guy 13  
202 Six word info olo-   1  
202 Six word info ool   1  
171 to hide word info op to hide oneself from people 5  
1 hand paay hand/wing/arm 8  
134 thunder pachch   15, 16  
134 thunder pachchú-(l)   15, 16  
1 hand payú-(l) hand/wing/arm 8  
4 leg/foot peshe   15  
73 to steal piraf to steal 8  
121 sand ppi   12  
116 flower péé flower, blossom 10  
73 to steal púraf to steal 8  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷel dirt 13  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷelú- soil 13  
93 to pound, beat word info pʷpʷoo-li to pound (food) with a mortar and pestle 3  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷél be dirty 13  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷélú- soiled 13  
187 they ra-   1, 70  
187 they re-   1, 70  
44 to hear roŋ   1  
44 to hear roŋoroŋ   1  
198 Two word info ruwa-   1  
198 Two word info ruwe-   1  
198 Two word info ruwo-   1  
113 branch word info ráá branch 1  
79 stick/wood ráá- branch 2  
79 stick/wood ráá-l branch 2  
113 branch word info ráá-l branch 1  
168 day ráál   6  
168 day rááli-   6  
198 Two word info rúúw   1  
60 father saam father 1  
98 egg saghull   1, 66  
13 back word info saghúr   12  
160 painful, sick se-mʷaay sick 14  
160 painful, sick se-mʷaayú-(l) sick 14  
60 father sema-(l) his father 1  
122 water word info shaal water 1  
122 water word info shalú- clear liquid 1  
114 leaf shéé   1  
147 black shól be dark / black all over, 8  
147 black shótchól black 8  
55 woman/female shóó-bʷut   7  
57 husband shóó-li-imw spouse 39  
58 wife shóó-li-imw spouse 22  
15 bone shúú   2  
65 rope sálil rope of 1  
8 to turn word info sápe- face, turn or proceed (in a direction). Has directional suffix 14  
56 child sári-   7  
65 rope sáál rope 1  
56 child sáár   7  
124 sea sáát   1  
34 to cry sáŋ cry 1  
34 to cry sáŋisáŋ cry 1  
98 egg sóghull   1, 66  
98 egg sóghullu-(l)   1, 66  
16 intestines taa   14  
180 far taaw be far 1  
180 far taawu-(ló) be very far 1  
23 blood tcha   1  
23 blood tchaa-   1  
141 wet tchogh be saturated, soaked, wet 12  
142 heavy tchów   9  
67 to sew word info tee-yi   2  
67 to sew word info teete   2  
205 Nine word info tiiw   5  
80 to split word info tili-ŋi to split or separate (an object) into halves 29  
205 Nine word info tiwa-   5  
205 Nine word info tiwo-   5  
50 to dream ttal   9  
71 to stab, pierce ttow to spear something, stab something, give one an injection 13  
72 to hit word info tughu-u-(w) to punch, hit (someone or something) 8, 63  
172 to climb word info téé-(tá) climb 8  
172 to climb word info téé-ghi climb up something 8  
42 to suck túút to suckle 25  
183 thou u-   x  
14 belly ubʷa-(l) stomach, his a. 11  
137 to blow word info ughu-u-(w) to blow air on (of a person or wind) 15  
46 to see uri to see something 10  
14 belly uubʷ abdomen 11  
117 fruit uwa fruit 1  
117 fruit uwaa-(l) its fruit 1  
204 Eight word info waal   3  
115 root waar roots 2  
115 root waara-(l) root of 2  
204 Eight word info wali-igh   3  
204 Eight word info walu-uw   3  
204 Eight word info walú-   3  
127 woods/forest walúwal forest, jungle 17  
46 to see weri to see something 10  
49 to lie down word info wol   1  
117 fruit wwa flower 1  
92 to open, uncover wáá-si open (the way), make room for (more people) 12  
177 this yeel this close to speaker 1, 33  
178 that yeel this/that close to speaker 1  
101 to fly yál   13  
101 to fly yáliyál   13  
136 wind yááŋ   1  
136 wind yáŋi-   1  
150 yellow yóleyól light color such as cream, yellow, or tan 9  
24 head yúli-(l) his head (respect usage) 1  
9 to swim áf   7  
9 to swim áfe-   7  
21 to think ághiyágh to think 12  
94 to throw word info ákkesh to throw 14  
17 liver áse-(l) his liver 1  
186 you áámi   1, 13  
136 wind ááŋ   1  
197 One word info éét   1  
171 to hide word info óp to hide oneself from people 5  
36 to spit óttuf saliva, to spit 19, 55  
62 thatch/roof óós thatch 1  
93 to pound, beat word info úghú-w pound food into paste 20, 2  
93 to pound, beat word info úghúúgh do pounding 20, 2  
40 to drink úl   1  
24 head úli-(l) his head (respect usage) 1  
40 to drink úlú-ma-   1, 74  
40 to drink úlú-mi   1, 59  
18 breast útt breast 1  
18 breast úttú-(l) her breast 1  
25 neck úwa-(l)   18  
52 to stand úú-(tá) stand up 2  
133 rain úút   1  
25 neck úúw   18  
182 I ŋaaŋ ghaaŋ = analogical back formation 12  
28 to breathe ŋasaŋas breathe/breath/sigh 10  
192 and ŋe and (but) 10  
31 tooth ŋii   30  
31 tooth ŋii-(l)   30  
38 to chew word info ŋúúŋ to chew (as betel nut or sugar cane), 11  
28 to breathe ŋŋas breathe/breath/sigh 10  

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