https://abvd.eva.mpg.de : Austronesian : Crows : Bantu :

Language: Saipan Carolinian

Source/Author:  Bender et al. (2003a,b) 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:cal  Glottocode: caro1242 
Notes:  Bender, W.B., Goodenough, W.H., Jackson, F.H., Marck, J.C., Rehg, K.L., Sohn, H., Trussel, S. & Wang, J.W. (2003) Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions I & II. 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Simon Greenhill  Checked By:  
Statistics:   
Classification:  Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:Micronesian:Micronesian Proper:Ponapeic-Trukic:Trukic 
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Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
1 hand paay hand/wing/arm 8  
1 hand payú-(l) hand/wing/arm 8  
1 hand gumʷush wing and hand 9  
1 hand gumʷushú-(l) wing and hand of 9  
2 left      
3 right      
4 leg/foot peshe   15  
5 to walk fetál around 8  
5 to walk (fara)-fetál somewhere, randomly, 8  
6 road/path aal path/road/his path 1  
6 road/path ala-(l)   1  
7 to come      
8 to turn word info sápe- face, turn or proceed (in a direction). Has directional suffix 14  
9 to swim áf   7  
9 to swim áfe-   7  
10 dirty      
11 dust      
12 skin ghiil   1  
12 skin ghili   1  
13 back word info saghúr   12  
14 belly uubʷ abdomen 11  
14 belly ubʷa-(l) stomach, his a. 11  
15 bone shúú   2  
16 intestines taa   14  
17 liver áse-(l) his liver 1  
18 breast útt breast 1  
18 breast úttú-(l) her breast 1  
19 shoulder aifar shoulder 1  
19 shoulder aifár   1  
19 shoulder ayúfar carry a load on the shoulder 1  
19 shoulder aifara-(l) his shoulder 1  
20 to know, be knowledgeable ghule to know / learn 18  
20 to know, be knowledgeable ghule-e-(y) to know someone/something 18  
21 to think máŋimáŋ be thinking, thought, idea 11  
21 to think ághiyágh to think 12  
22 to fear me-sagh   1  
22 to fear ma-sagh   1  
22 to fear me-ságh   1  
23 blood tcha   1  
23 blood tchaa-   1  
24 head úli-(l) his head (respect usage) 1  
24 head yúli-(l) his head (respect usage) 1  
25 neck úúw   18  
25 neck úwa-(l)   18  
26 hair word info ileila- feather/fur/body hair 10  
27 nose bʷoot   1, 12  
27 nose bʷootú-   1, 12  
28 to breathe ŋŋas breathe/breath/sigh 10  
28 to breathe ŋasaŋas breathe/breath/sigh 10  
29 to sniff, smell      
30 mouth aaw   36  
30 mouth awa-(l)   36  
31 tooth ŋii   30  
31 tooth ŋii-(l)   30  
32 tongue      
33 to laugh ffas to laugh 10  
33 to laugh faffas to laugh 10  
33 to laugh ghekkáy to giggle/chuckle 11  
34 to cry sáŋ cry 1  
34 to cry sáŋisáŋ cry 1  
35 to vomit mʷmʷus   1  
36 to spit óttuf saliva, to spit 19, 55  
37 to eat mʷoŋo staple food 8  
37 to eat (a)-mʷoŋoo-(w) to feed someone 8  
37 to eat aŋi to eat something 1  
38 to chew word info lúúlú to chew on 59  
38 to chew word info lúúlúú-(w) to chew 59  
38 to chew word info ŋúúŋ to chew (as betel nut or sugar cane), 11  
39 to cook word info mʷoot be cooked 19, 82  
39 to cook word info (a)-mʷoot to cook food 19, 82  
39 to cook word info mʷoot   19, 82  
39 to cook word info mʷoota-   19, 82  
40 to drink úl   1  
40 to drink úlú-mi   1, 59  
40 to drink úlú-ma-   1, 74  
41 to bite ghey to tear off the husk of coconut or sugarcane with the teeth 38, 73  
42 to suck túút to suckle 25  
43 ear      
44 to hear roŋ   1  
44 to hear roŋoroŋ   1  
45 eye maas   1  
45 eye mesa-(l)   1  
46 to see weri to see something 10  
46 to see uri to see something 10  
47 to yawn (a)-móó-(l)   19  
47 to yawn móó-(l-atél)   19  
48 to sleep mayúr sleep 1  
48 to sleep (ghúla)-mʷmʷey be sleeping deeply    
49 to lie down word info wol   1  
50 to dream ttal   9  
51 to sit móót to sit 18, 101  
51 to sit móóte-(tiw) to sit down 18, 101  
51 to sit móót-(tiw) to sit down 18, 101  
52 to stand úú-(tá) stand up 2  
53 person/human being ara-mas   67, 70  
53 person/human being are-mas   67, 70  
54 man/male mʷáál man/male 1  
54 man/male olo- man/male/guy 13  
55 woman/female shóó-bʷut   7  
55 woman/female liye-   6  
55 woman/female liya-   6  
56 child layú-   5  
56 child sáár   7  
56 child sári-   7  
57 husband bʷúlú-wa- spouse 16  
57 husband shóó-li-imw spouse 39  
58 wife bʷúlú-wa- spouse 10  
58 wife shóó-li-imw spouse 22  
59 mother iil   1  
59 mother ila-(l)   1  
60 father saam father 1  
60 father sema-(l) his father 1  
61 house iimʷ   1, 48  
61 house imʷa-(l)   1, 48  
62 thatch/roof óós thatch 1  
63 name iit   66  
63 name ita-   66  
64 to say      
65 rope sáál rope 1  
65 rope sálil rope of 1  
66 to tie up, fasten féé-tagh set an anchor, tie up a boat 11  
67 to sew word info teete   2  
67 to sew word info tee-yi   2  
68 needle      
69 to hunt word info      
70 to shoot word info      
71 to stab, pierce ttow to spear something, stab something, give one an injection 13  
72 to hit word info tughu-u-(w) to punch, hit (someone or something) 8, 63  
73 to steal mʷósho to steal/be wild/rascally/untamed (of animals) 9  
73 to steal púraf to steal 8  
73 to steal piraf to steal 8  
74 to kill lli to hit 11  
75 to die, be dead die 1  
75 to die, be dead máá death 1  
76 to live, be alive ma-law   7  
76 to live, be alive (a)-ma-lawa   7  
77 to scratch word info kkéét to be scratchy/itchy 11  
77 to scratch word info gherigher to scratch 12  
77 to scratch word info gheregher to scratch 12  
77 to scratch word info gheri to scratch/grate something 12  
78 to cut, hack word info      
79 stick/wood ráá- branch 2  
79 stick/wood ráá-l branch 2  
80 to split word info tili-ŋi to split or separate (an object) into halves 29  
81 sharp kkáŋ   14, 68  
82 dull, blunt kkóbʷ   13  
83 to work word info      
84 to plant ffót   6  
84 to plant fóto-ghi   6  
84 to plant fóót   6  
85 to choose ffil to choose/select 1  
85 to choose fili choose it 1  
86 to grow word info ffóól   8  
86 to grow word info ffóólá-á-li   8  
86 to grow word info ffóóla-a-(y)   8  
87 to swell word info bʷoo   9  
87 to swell word info bʷo   9  
87 to swell word info bʷoobʷo   9  
88 to squeeze word info fei-ŋi to squeeze (something) with the hand. Note: metathesis of vowels 15  
89 to hold word info      
90 to dig kkel dig a hole with a digging implement 1  
90 to dig kkeli-ŋi dig (a hole) with an implement 1  
90 to dig gheli-ŋi dig up (s.t.) 1  
91 to buy      
92 to open, uncover wáá-si open (the way), make room for (more people) 12  
93 to pound, beat word info pʷpʷoo-li to pound (food) with a mortar and pestle 3  
93 to pound, beat word info úghúúgh do pounding 20, 2  
93 to pound, beat word info úghú-w pound food into paste 20, 2  
94 to throw word info akkesh to throw 14  
94 to throw word info akkásh to throw 14  
94 to throw word info ákkesh to throw 14  
94 to throw word info ashe-(y) to throw s.t. 14  
94 to throw word info ashee-(y) to throw s.t. 14  
95 to fall word info mʷoromʷor to fall (as rain or fruit from tree) 16  
96 dog      
97 bird      
98 egg sóghull   1, 66  
98 egg saghull   1, 66  
98 egg sóghullu-(l)   1, 66  
99 feather ileila- feathers/fur/body hair 30  
100 wing      
101 to fly yál   13  
101 to fly yáliyál   13  
102 rat gheesh   16  
103 meat/flesh fitúg   10  
103 meat/flesh fitugh   10  
104 fat/grease      
105 tail      
106 snake      
107 worm (earthworm)      
108 louse word info ghúúw   1  
109 mosquito lóómʷ mosquito 1  
109 mosquito lómʷo-(l) mosquito of 1  
110 spider      
111 fish      
112 rotten word info bʷa be rotten on one side (of fruit) 17  
112 rotten word info bʷaa- be rotten on one side (of fruit) 17  
113 branch word info ráá branch 1  
113 branch word info ráá-l branch 1  
114 leaf shéé   1  
115 root waar roots 2  
115 root waara-(l) root of 2  
116 flower péé flower, blossom 10  
117 fruit uwa fruit 1  
117 fruit uwaa-(l) its fruit 1  
117 fruit wwa flower 1  
118 grass fitil   1  
118 grass fetil   1  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷel dirt 13  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷelú- soil 13  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷél be dirty 13  
119 earth/soil pʷpʷélú- soiled 13  
120 stone faay   1  
120 stone faaú   1  
120 stone fayú-(l)   1  
121 sand ppi   12  
122 water word info shaal water 1  
122 water word info shalú- clear liquid 1  
123 to flow bʷu to flow 11  
124 sea me-taw   13  
124 sea ma-taw   13  
124 sea sáát   1  
125 salt      
126 lake      
127 woods/forest walúwal forest, jungle 17  
128 sky lááŋ heaven 1  
129 moon ma-ram moon, month 7  
130 star fúú   1  
130 star fúú-(l)   1  
131 cloud word info      
132 fog      
133 rain úút   1  
134 thunder pachch   15, 16  
134 thunder pachchú-(l)   15, 16  
135 lightning      
136 wind ááŋ   1  
136 wind yááŋ   1  
136 wind yáŋi-   1  
137 to blow word info ughu-u-(w) to blow air on (of a person or wind) 15  
138 warm word info      
139 cold word info ffooy feel cold 11  
139 cold word info ffééy feel cold 11  
140 dry word info mmat be dry/low (of water)/be low tide 11  
140 dry word info mʷór evaporate/dry up 13  
140 dry word info mʷóra-ló evaporate/dry up 13  
141 wet tchogh be saturated, soaked, wet 12  
142 heavy tchów   9  
143 fire (a-ghúú)-áf light a signal fire 1  
144 to burn word info ghú be alight, smolder, be burning 10  
145 smoke word info (bʷa)-at smoky 2  
145 smoke word info (bʷa)-atiyat be smoking lightly 2  
146 ash falaŋ wood-burning stove,cooking fire, hibachi, ashes, charcoal, charred wood 8  
146 ash mʷó-ósh ashes (as from a cigarete) 9  
146 ash (a)-mʷmʷó-ósh ashes (as from a cigarete) 9  
147 black shótchól black 8  
147 black shól be dark / black all over, 8  
148 white      
149 red      
150 yellow yóleyól light color such as cream, yellow, or tan 9  
151 green araw blue 13, 52  
151 green arawaraw blue 13, 52  
152 small -shigh   81  
152 small ghit   80  
152 small ghikkit   80  
152 small ghitighiit   80  
153 big lap   10  
153 big llape-   10  
154 short word info mʷoshomʷoosh   12  
155 long word info láálááy be long, tall 13  
156 thin word info má-lifilif thin/flimsy 1  
157 thick word info ma-aliyél   3  
157 thick word info má-áliyél   3  
157 thick word info maaléél   3  
158 narrow      
159 wide      
160 painful, sick metágh painful/hurt 1  
160 painful, sick se-mʷaay sick 14  
160 painful, sick se-mʷaayú-(l) sick 14  
161 shy, ashamed      
162 old word info      
163 new ffé be new 1  
164 good      
165 bad, evil      
166 correct, true bʷuŋ be right, correct 12  
167 night bʷooŋ   1  
167 night bʷoŋi-   1  
168 day ráál   6  
168 day rááli-   6  
169 year      
170 when? word info (i)-lee-t   1, 24  
170 when? word info (i)-lee-ta   1, 24  
171 to hide word info óp to hide oneself from people 5  
171 to hide word info ap to hide oneself from people 5  
171 to hide word info op to hide oneself from people 5  
172 to climb word info téé-(tá) climb 8  
172 to climb word info téé-ghi climb up something 8  
173 at i-   1  
174 in, inside lló-(l) inside of it 1  
175 above      
176 below      
177 this yeel this close to speaker 1, 33  
177 this (i)-yeel this one ( emphatic ) 1, 33  
178 that yeel this/that close to speaker 1  
178 that (i)-yeel that one (emphatic) 1  
178 that (i)-mʷu that one (close to hearer) 11  
178 that (i)-mʷuu-l that one (close to hearer, emphatic) 11  
179 near a-rap be near 13  
179 near akka-rap come closer/approach 13  
180 far taaw be far 1  
180 far taawu-(ló) be very far 1  
181 where? word info i-fa   3, 48  
181 where? word info iya   37  
182 I ŋaaŋ ghaaŋ = analogical back formation 12  
182 I ghaaŋ ghaaŋ = analogical back formation 12  
183 thou gho- archaic 1  
183 thou u-   x  
183 thou eel   6  
184 he/she ii independent pronoun 1  
185 we word info ghiish incl. 1, 42  
185 we word info ay excl. 43  
186 you aw   36  
186 you áámi   1, 13  
186 you -ghámi   1, 13  
187 they re-   1, 70  
187 they ra-   1, 70  
187 they iir   1, 70  
188 what? word info (mee)-t what? 1, 64  
188 what? word info (mee)-ta what? 1, 64  
189 who? word info (i)-yo   9  
189 who? word info (ii)-yo   9  
190 other      
191 all      
192 and me and (with) 2  
192 and ŋe and (but) 10  
193 if (ŋá)-áre if 7  
193 if (ŋ)-áre or (<ŋe are) 7  
193 if (ŋ)-are   7  
194 how? word info      
195 no, not -se   4  
196 to count      
197 One word info eet   1  
197 One word info éét   1  
198 Two word info rúúw   1  
198 Two word info ruwa-   1  
198 Two word info ruwo-   1  
198 Two word info ruwe-   1  
199 Three word info      
200 Four word info fáál   1, 69  
201 Five word info limo-uw   1  
201 Five word info lim-mal   1  
201 Five word info lime-igh   1  
201 Five word info lima-   1  
201 Five word info liim   1  
202 Six word info ool   1  
202 Six word info olo-   1  
203 Seven word info fisu   1  
204 Eight word info wali-igh   3  
204 Eight word info walu-uw   3  
204 Eight word info walú-   3  
204 Eight word info waal   3  
205 Nine word info tiwo-   5  
205 Nine word info tiwa-   5  
205 Nine word info tiiw   5  
206 Ten word info      
207 Twenty word info      
208 Fifty word info      
209 One Hundred word info -bwúghúw   20  
210 One Thousand word info -ŋé-réw   17  

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