Language: Proto-Chuukic
Source/Author: | Bender et al. (2003a,b) |
---|---|
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: truk1243 |
Notes: | AKA Proto-Trukic Bender, W.B., Goodenough, W.H., Jackson, F.H., Marck, J.C., Rehg, K.L., Sohn, H., Trussel, S. & Wang, J.W. (2003) Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions I & II. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Simon Greenhill Checked By: |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:Micronesian:Micronesian Proper:Ponapeic-Trukic:Trukic |
Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
- Ethnologue/World Atlas of Language Structures Information is not available
- [Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 24 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2016-07-11 11:40:58)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2010-03-05 02:31:48)
- Changed from "*doa-" (Word 180) - Simon Greenhill (2010-03-05 02:24:14)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | right | ||||
10 | dirty | ||||
11 | dust | ||||
68 | needle | ||||
69 | to hunt | ||||
70 | to shoot | ||||
83 | to work | ||||
91 | to buy | ||||
96 | dog | ||||
100 | wing | ||||
104 | fat/grease | ||||
106 | snake | ||||
107 | worm (earthworm) | ||||
110 | spider | ||||
125 | salt | ||||
126 | lake | ||||
131 | cloud | ||||
132 | fog | ||||
135 | lightning | ||||
138 | warm | ||||
148 | white | ||||
158 | narrow | ||||
161 | shy, ashamed | ||||
162 | old | ||||
164 | good | ||||
165 | bad, evil | ||||
169 | year | ||||
175 | above | ||||
176 | below | ||||
190 | other | ||||
191 | all | ||||
194 | how? | ||||
207 | Twenty | ||||
208 | Fifty | ||||
170 | when? | *(i)-nai-da | 1, 24 | ||
170 | when? | *(i)-ŋai-da | 1, 24 | ||
89 | to hold | *(ka)-mʷacú-(ú) | be held/caught/to hold/grip | 16 | |
188 | what? | *(mee)-daa | 1, 64 | ||
188 | what? | *-daa | 1, 52 | ||
120 | stone | *-faú | 1 | ||
186 | you | *-kamii | you (pl.) | 1, 13 | |
209 | One Hundred | *-pwúkúa | 20 | ||
195 | no, not | *-tai | 4 | ||
210 | One Thousand | *-ŋa-rati | 17 | ||
210 | One Thousand | *-ŋa-ratú | 17 | ||
206 | Ten | *-ŋawulu | 5 | ||
31 | tooth | *-ŋi | 30 | ||
30 | mouth | *aawa | 36 | ||
145 | smoke | *adú | 2 | ||
21 | to think | *aki- | 12 | ||
21 | to think | *aki-i- | 12 | ||
21 | to think | *akiaki | 12 | ||
196 | to count | *alle | count/enumerate | 12 | |
53 | person/human being | *ar[ae]-mata | 67, 70 | ||
30 | mouth | *awa- | 36 | ||
136 | wind | *aŋi | 1 | ||
122 | water | *caccanú | 1 | ||
147 | black | *calo | (<*calocalo) | 8 | |
122 | water | *canú | 1 | ||
55 | woman/female | *cao-pʷuda | woman | 7 | |
159 | wide | *cau-lapa | 9, 48 | ||
114 | leaf | *caú | 1 | ||
159 | wide | *caú- | 9 | ||
159 | wide | *caúki-Ti | 9 | ||
23 | blood | *ccaa | 1 | ||
122 | water | *ccanú | 1 | ||
142 | heavy | *ccau | 9 | ||
141 | wet | *ccoki | be wet | 12 | |
152 | small | *ciki | 81 | ||
15 | bone | *cúyi | 2 | ||
16 | intestines | *daa | intestine | 14 | |
67 | to sew | *dai-ti | 2 | ||
67 | to sew | *daidai | 2 | ||
172 | to climb | *daú | go on all fours, crawl | 8 | |
172 | to climb | *daú-ki | climb | 8 | |
29 | to sniff, smell | *daŋú | 11 | ||
50 | to dream | *ddana | 9 | ||
72 | to hit | *dduku | 8, 63 | ||
67 | to sew | *di- | |||
67 | to sew | *di-kaki | |||
67 | to sew | *di-ki | |||
80 | to split | *dila | chop lengthwise | 29 | |
80 | to split | *dila-ŋi- | split | 29 | |
205 | Nine | *diwa | 5 | ||
180 | far | *doa- | "distant, far off" (Bender et al p85) | 1 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | *doka | 67 | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | *dowu | 13 | ||
90 | to dig | *dowu | 8 | ||
72 | to hit | *duku | 8, 63 | ||
72 | to hit | *duku-u | 8, 63 | ||
18 | breast | *dúdú | 1 | ||
42 | to suck | *dúdú | 25 | ||
197 | One | *edda | 1 | ||
128 | sky | *faa-i-laŋi | lower region of sky | 1 | |
5 | to walk | *fadale | 8 | ||
118 | grass | *fadili | 1 | ||
84 | to plant | *fado | 6 | ||
84 | to plant | *fado-ka | 6 | ||
84 | to plant | *fado-ki | 6 | ||
84 | to plant | *fafado | 6 | ||
55 | woman/female | *faifine | 1, 47 | ||
86 | to grow | *fakola | grow/be reared | 8 | |
146 | ash | *falaŋa | ashes | 8 | |
89 | to hold | *faro | hold tightly | ||
89 | to hold | *faro-ki- | hold tightly | ||
33 | to laugh | *fata | to laugh | 10 | |
120 | stone | *fatú | 1 | ||
163 | new | *faú | new | 1 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | *faú-di- | 11 | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | *faúfaú | 11 | ||
200 | Four | *faŋi | 1, 67 | ||
33 | to laugh | *ffata | to laugh | 10 | |
85 | to choose | *ffini | 1 | ||
139 | cold | *ffééú | 11 | ||
88 | to squeeze | *fia | squeeze | 15 | |
103 | meat/flesh | *fidiko | 10 | ||
85 | to choose | *fini | 1 | ||
203 | Seven | *fiti-ike | 1 | ||
203 | Seven | *fitu-uwa | 1 | ||
203 | Seven | *fitú | 1 | ||
130 | star | *fútúú | (?) | 1 | |
173 | at | *i- | 1 | ||
181 | where? | *i-faa | 3, 48 | ||
184 | he/she | *ia | independent pronoun | 1 | |
181 | where? | *iaa | 37 | ||
130 | star | *icci | a star | 12 | |
63 | name | *ida | 66 | ||
61 | house | *imʷa | 1, 48 | ||
187 | they | *ira | 1, 70 | ||
179 | near | *ka-repa | close | 13 | |
186 | you | *kaamii | you (pl.) | 1, 13 | |
94 | to throw | *kace | 14 | ||
94 | to throw | *kace-ti- | 14 | ||
36 | to spit | *kaddifa | to spit | 19, 55 | |
185 | we | *kami | excl., | 2 | |
82 | dull, blunt | *kapʷu | 13 | ||
151 | green | *karawa | blue | 13, 52 | |
151 | green | *karawarawa | green (?) | 13, 52 | |
193 | if | *karee | if | 7 | |
193 | if | *kareeree | when (future uncertain) | 7 | |
77 | to scratch | *karikari | 12 | ||
186 | you | *kawú | you (pl., as subj. marker) | 1 | |
185 | we | *kayi | excl. | 43 | |
37 | to eat | *kaŋi | 1 | ||
102 | rat | *keci | rat | 16 | |
183 | thou | *keen[ae] | you (sg. personal noun) | 6 | |
90 | to dig | *keli | 1 | ||
90 | to dig | *keli-ŋi- | 1 | ||
185 | we | *kica | incl. | 1, 42 | |
152 | small | *kidi | 80 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *kila | 18 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *kila-i | 18 | ||
12 | skin | *kili | 1 | ||
178 | that | *kka-mʷuu-n[ae] | those (near person addressed) | 11 | |
33 | to laugh | *kka[t0]i | to laugh (?) | 11 | |
77 | to scratch | *kkaadú | 11 | ||
82 | dull, blunt | *kkapʷu | 13 | ||
81 | sharp | *kkaŋi | 14, 68 | ||
41 | to bite | *kkú | 9 | ||
183 | thou | *ko- | 1 | ||
183 | thou | *koe | 1 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *kula | 18 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *kula-a | 18 | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *kula-i | 18 | ||
1 | hand | *kumʷucú | 9 | ||
82 | dull, blunt | *kuu | 72 | ||
144 | to burn | *kú[t0]ú | (?) burn furiously with leaping flames | 10 | |
108 | louse | *kútú | 1 | ||
157 | thick | *kúú | |||
153 | big | *lalapa | 10 | ||
174 | in, inside | *lalo | 1 | ||
153 | big | *lapa | 10 | ||
153 | big | *lapalapa | 10 | ||
128 | sky | *laŋi | sky/heaven | 1 | |
32 | tongue | *lewe | 17 | ||
97 | bird | *likaapi | a bird | 9 | |
201 | Five | *lim-manú | 1 | ||
201 | Five | *lima | 1 | ||
201 | Five | *lima-ike | 1 | ||
201 | Five | *lima-ua | 1 | ||
55 | woman/female | *liya- | 6 | ||
7 | to come | *luu | come/go/pass by | ||
38 | to chew | *lúú | to chew | 11 | |
38 | to chew | *lúúlúú | to chew | 59 | |
38 | to chew | *lúúlúú-(wa) | to chew | 59 | |
111 | fish | *mWoTo | ? | ||
124 | sea | *ma-dawa | 13 | ||
36 | to spit | *ma-ddipi | to spit out from mouth | 19, 53 | |
36 | to spit | *ma-dipi | to spit out from mouth | 19, 53 | |
76 | to live, be alive | *ma-nawa | 7 | ||
156 | thin | *ma-nifi | 1 | ||
129 | moon | *ma-rama | 7 | ||
22 | to fear | *ma-takú | 1 | ||
146 | ash | *ma-woco | coal/ashes | 9 | |
146 | ash | *ma-wocooco | coal/ashes | 9 | |
51 | to sit | *maado | 18, 101 | ||
47 | to yawn | *maawo | (?) | 19 | |
112 | rotten | *maca | 50 | ||
160 | painful, sick | *madaki | painful/hurt | 1 | |
39 | to cook | *maddo | 19, 82 | ||
51 | to sit | *maddo | 18, 101 | ||
39 | to cook | *mado | (?) cooked. | 19, 82 | |
140 | dry | *maro | 13 | ||
140 | dry | *maro-nako | 13 | ||
45 | eye | *mata | 1 | ||
75 | to die, be dead | *mate | *pee (?) | 1 | |
48 | to sleep | *matúrú | 1 | ||
39 | to cook | *maud[ao] | 19, 82 | ||
47 | to yawn | *mawa | (?) | 19 | |
76 | to live, be alive | *maúrú | 1, 76 | ||
2 | left | *maúŋú | (?) | 13 | |
21 | to think | *maŋi | think | 11 | |
192 | and | *me | and (with) | 2 | |
112 | rotten | *mmaca | 50 | ||
140 | dry | *mmada | 11 | ||
47 | to yawn | *mmawa | (?) | 19 | |
54 | man/male | *mʷaane | 1 | ||
73 | to steal | *mʷacoko | to steal | 9 | |
89 | to hold | *mʷacú | be held/caught/to hold/grip | 16 | |
37 | to eat | *mʷaŋaú | 8 | ||
48 | to sleep | *mʷmʷe | |||
35 | to vomit | *mʷmʷuta | 1 | ||
154 | short | *mʷoco | 12 | ||
154 | short | *mʷocomʷoco | 12 | ||
95 | to fall | *mʷoro | to fall | 16 | |
178 | that | *mʷuu | that | 11 | |
178 | that | *mʷuu-n[ae] | that | 11 | |
56 | child | *naaú | 5 | ||
109 | mosquito | *namʷu | 1 | ||
56 | child | *naú-na | 5 | ||
56 | child | *naúnaú | 5 | ||
74 | to kill | *nii | strike | 11 | |
74 | to kill | *niinii | 11 | ||
74 | to kill | *nnii | kill | 11 | |
196 | to count | *paa-ŋi | 11 | ||
196 | to count | *paapaa | 11 | ||
149 | red | *para | 17 | ||
134 | thunder | *parra | ? | 15, 16 | |
1 | hand | *paú | 8 | ||
137 | to blow | *paú | 14 | ||
137 | to blow | *paúpaú | 14 | ||
4 | leg/foot | *pecee | leg | 15 | |
75 | to die, be dead | *pee | 4 | ||
146 | ash | *peyata | 7 | ||
121 | sand | *pi[ae] | 12 | ||
73 | to steal | *pirafa | 8 | ||
121 | sand | *ppi[ae] | 12 | ||
116 | flower | *péé | flower | 10 | |
112 | rotten | *pʷaa | 17 | ||
27 | nose | *pʷaútú | 1, 12 | ||
119 | earth/soil | *pʷelú | 13 | ||
7 | to come | *pʷer[ae] | go/come through/pass | 10 | |
167 | night | *pʷoŋi | 1 | ||
93 | to pound, beat | *pʷpʷau | 3 | ||
119 | earth/soil | *pʷpʷelú | 13 | ||
93 | to pound, beat | *pʷpʷoo | 3 | ||
57 | husband | *pʷpʷúlú | spouse | 16 | |
58 | wife | *pʷpʷúlú | spouse | 10 | |
39 | to cook | *pʷuka-a | boiled | 12 | |
123 | to flow | *pʷuyu | flow, go, move | 11 | |
57 | husband | *pʷúlú-wa- | married | 16 | |
58 | wife | *pʷúlú-wa- | married | 10 | |
166 | correct, true | *pʷúŋú | 12 | ||
187 | they | *ra- | 1, 70 | ||
79 | stick/wood | *raae | 2 | ||
113 | branch | *raae | 1 | ||
168 | day | *raani | 6 | ||
79 | stick/wood | *rae- | 2 | ||
187 | they | *re- | 1, 70 | ||
179 | near | *repa | near | 13 | |
198 | Two | *rúwa | 1 | ||
195 | no, not | *ta- | 4 | ||
160 | painful, sick | *ta-mʷaaú | sickness/be sick | 14 | |
124 | sea | *tadi | 1 | ||
78 | to cut, hack | *tafa | 18 | ||
78 | to cut, hack | *tafatafa | 18 | ||
98 | egg | *takullu | egg; note that Bender et al. (2003) think these Chuukic forms may be la loan from somewhere. | 1, 66 | |
13 | back | *takúrú | 12 | ||
65 | rope | *tali | 1 | ||
43 | ear | *taliŋa | 1 | ||
60 | father | *tama | 1 | ||
34 | to cry | *tangi-di- | 1 | ||
119 | earth/soil | *tano | 1 | ||
8 | to turn | *tape | 14 | ||
56 | child | *tari | 7 | ||
53 | person/human being | *tau | 1 | ||
34 | to cry | *taŋi | 1 | ||
34 | to cry | *taŋitaŋi | 1 | ||
197 | One | *te- | 14 | ||
199 | Three | *telú | 1 | ||
199 | Three | *telú-yike | 1 | ||
64 | to say | *terú | to say | 14 | |
59 | mother | *tina | 1 | ||
93 | to pound, beat | *tuki | 20, 2 | ||
93 | to pound, beat | *tukituki | 20, 2 | ||
52 | to stand | *túú | 2 | ||
133 | rain | *uda | 1 | ||
127 | woods/forest | *waalú | 17 | ||
196 | to count | *wade | to count | 10 | |
204 | Eight | *walu-uwa | 3 | ||
204 | Eight | *walú | 3 | ||
127 | woods/forest | *walú- | 17 | ||
204 | Eight | *walú-ike | 3 | ||
127 | woods/forest | *walúwalú | 17 | ||
92 | to open, uncover | *wea | 12 | ||
46 | to see | *weri- | to see | 10 | |
54 | man/male | *wolo- | 13 | ||
49 | to lie down | *wono | 1 | ||
202 | Six | *wono- | 1 | ||
202 | Six | *woono | 1 | ||
137 | to blow | *wuku | 15 | ||
14 | belly | *wupʷa | 11 | ||
87 | to swell | *wupʷa | to swell | ||
117 | fruit | *wuwaa | 1 | ||
62 | thatch/roof | *yaTo | 1 | ||
19 | shoulder | *yafara | 1 | ||
9 | to swim | *yafe | 7 | ||
143 | fire | *yafi | 1 | ||
6 | road/path | *yala | 1 | ||
155 | long | *yalayi | 13 | ||
101 | to fly | *yali | to fly | 13 | |
150 | yellow | *yaloyalo | yellow | 9 | |
17 | liver | *yate | 1 | ||
189 | who? | *yau | 9 | ||
177 | this | *yee | 1, 18 | ||
177 | this | *yeena | 1, 33 | ||
178 | that | *yeena | this | 1 | |
171 | to hide | *yop[eo] | to hide, be hidden | 5 | |
25 | neck | *úa | 18 | ||
105 | tail | *úkú | 1 | ||
24 | head | *úlú | 1 | ||
26 | hair | *úna | 10 | ||
99 | feather | *úna | 30 | ||
26 | hair | *úna-fi | 10 | ||
26 | hair | *únaúna | 10 | ||
99 | feather | *únaúna | 30 | ||
40 | to drink | *únú | 1 | ||
40 | to drink | *únú-ma | 1, 74 | ||
40 | to drink | *únú-mi | 1, 59 | ||
28 | to breathe | *ŋaTa | breathe | 10 | |
182 | I | *ŋaaŋú | 12 | ||
31 | tooth | *ŋii | 30 | ||
38 | to chew | *ŋú-da- | to chew | 11 | |
38 | to chew | *ŋú-di- | to chew | 11 | |
38 | to chew | *ŋúŋŋú | to chew | 11 | |
189 | who? | -*t[ae]ú | 9 | ||
136 | wind | aŋiaŋi | 1 | ||
147 | black | caccalo | (<*calocalo) | 8 | |
88 | to squeeze | fiya-ŋi- | squeeze | 15 | |
41 | to bite | kú-tú | 9 | ||
144 | to burn | kú[t0]ú-ri | (?) burn furiously with leaping flames | 10 | |
41 | to bite | kúkkú | 9, 74 | ||
41 | to bite | kútúkútú | 9, 74 | ||
155 | long | layalayi | 13 | ||
156 | thin | ma-nifinifi | 1 | ||
21 | to think | maŋimaŋi | ponder | 11 | |
35 | to vomit | mʷmʷuta-aki-ni | 1 | ||
113 | branch | rae- | 1 | ||
44 | to hear | roŋo | 1 | ||
44 | to hear | roŋoroŋo | 1 | ||
115 | root | wakara | 2 | ||
155 | long | yalalayi | 13 | ||
28 | to breathe | ŋaTaŋaTa | breathe | 10 |