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Language: Hainan Cham

Source/Author:  Zheng Yiqing / Graham Thurgood 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:huq  Glottocode: tsat1238 
Notes:  Most of the data is from Zheng (1997) but some is from fieldwork done by Graham and Ela Thurgood, Ouyang Jueya, and Jiang Di in the summer of 2004 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Graham Thurgood  Checked By:  
Statistics:   
Classification:  Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Malayo-Chamic:Chamic:Highlands:Chru-Northern:Northern Cham 
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Change History:

Showing all of 20 entries

Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
42 to suck      
86 to grow word info      
90 to dig      
94 to throw word info      
135 lightning      
161 shy, ashamed      
170 when? word info      
2 left ta:i 32 Mon-Khmer   L
2 left tso 33 Chinese   L
3 right ziu 33 Chinese   L
3 right tʰiu 43 probably Chinese   L?
5 to walk pʰaʔ 43 walk    
7 to come za:iʔ 32      
8 to turn word info tʰanʔ 32 tone and vowel length irregular    
9 to swim ziu 11 Chinese   L
10 dirty kʰiʔ 43 borrowing   L
11 dust ʔbun 33 ki 33 etymology unknown    
16 intestines sa:yʔ 32 etymology unknown    
18 breast hu 11 me 33 etymology unknown    
20 to know, be knowledgeable tiawʔ 32 etymology unknown    
21 to think sioŋʔ 32 Chinese    
22 to fear ʔda 11 Hlai borrowing   L
22 to fear heʔ 24 Chinese   L
23 blood sia 55      
28 to breathe siak 24 kʰi 33 etymology unknown    
36 to spit pʰa 55      
39 to cook word info tuʔ 24      
40 to drink huiʔ 24 etymology unknown    
41 to bite kawʔ 24 Mon-Khmer borrowing, but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic    
44 to hear məʔ 24 borrowing   L
46 to see ʔbu 55 borrowing   L
46 to see hiawʔ 24 Chinese   L
52 to stand lit 24 Chinese   L
62 thatch/roof la:ŋ 33      
64 to say poyʔ 24 speak    
69 to hunt word info po 55 kʰiayʔ 32 etymology unknown    
71 to stab, pierce tsui 33 etymology unknown    
72 to hit word info po 55 etymology unknown    
73 to steal keʔ 24 medial irregular; ultimately a borrowing from Mon-Khmer    
74 to kill leʔ 24/55 tonal alternation unexplained    
77 to scratch word info kʰiaw 11 etymology unknown    
78 to cut, hack word info kʰet 24 fell (tree)    
78 to cut, hack word info tʰuən 11 fell (tree)    
79 stick/wood kun 33 thick stick < Chinese    
80 to split word info pʰia 55 Mon-Khmer    
81 sharp loyʔ 43 etymology unknown    
82 dull, blunt pʰan 11 Mon-Khmer    
83 to work word info pʰuaʔ 43 ultimately Mon-Khmer borrowing but reconstructs back to Proto-Chamic    
85 to choose noŋ 33 etymology unknown    
85 to choose pi 55 etymology unknown    
87 to swell word info pʰia 55      
88 to squeeze word info panʔ 21 etymology unknown    
89 to hold word info tsa:wʔ 21 etymology unknown    
92 to open, uncover ʔbayʔ 24 etymology unknown    
93 to pound, beat word info po 55 pa 33 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic    
101 to fly pan 33      
107 worm (earthworm) ʔa 11 na:ŋʔ 32      
110 spider -vay 33- etymology unknown    
112 rotten word info zo 55 Chinese   L
112 rotten word info hua 33 etymology unknown    
112 rotten word info zoʔ 55 probably Chinese   L?
113 branch word info ʔa 11 zaw 33 etymology unknown    
114 leaf lua 33 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic    
125 salt sia 33      
126 lake tʰoŋ 33 etymology unknown    
132 fog vu 33 Chinese: Han   L
142 heavy tsiawʔ 24 borrowed   L
152 small niak 24- part of compound; etymology unknown    
154 short word info tsat 24 probably a borrowing   L?
157 thick word info su 33 Chinese   L
158 narrow tsat 24 etymology unknown    
159 wide maʔ 43 etymology unknown    
164 good na:yʔ 32 etymology unknown    
166 correct, true zen 11 Chinese   L
171 to hide word info tʰa:wʔ 43 etymology unknown    
172 to climb word info ʔbuay 33 etymology unknown    
173 at pa 33      
173 at pa 33-      
181 where? word info lay 33      
186 you ha 33 za:ŋʔ 32 same as 'thou' or 2nd + persoʰ    
189 who? word info ʔa 33 za:ŋʔ 32      
191 all ʔdaw 33 borrowing   L
193 if zi 11 ko 11 Chinese   L
193 if ʔa 11 ti 11 Chinese   L
194 how? word info si 11 lay 33      
195 no, not pu 33 etymology totally unclear    
196 to count zawʔ 24      
205 Nine word info thua 11 pa:nʔ32      
205 Nine word info kaw 11 (Cantonese   L
205 Nine word info kiuʔ43 (Chinese)   L
210 One Thousand word info phə11      
4 leg/foot ka:i 33   1  
6 road/path kia 55 la:n 11   1  
6 road/path la:n 11   1  
12 skin liʔ 24   1  
14 belly tenʔ 32   1  
15 bone la:ŋ 33   1  
17 liver ta:yʔ 32   1  
19 shoulder pʰia 11 17? 1  
24 head koʔ 24   1  
26 hair word info ʔbuʔ 24 irregular length 1  
27 nose hu 11 tʰuŋ 11   1  
30 mouth pʰa 55   1  
35 to vomit ta 55   1  
38 to chew word info ma 55   1  
43 ear na 11 ŋa 33   1  
45 eye ta 33   1  
50 to dream pay 33   1  
56 child naʔ 24   1  
59 mother ʔa 11 na 11   1  
60 father ma 11   1  
63 name nan 33   1  
65 rope lay 33   1  
66 to tie up, fasten kaʔ 24 tie rope 1  
68 needle sun 11   1  
70 to shoot word info na 55   1  
75 to die, be dead ta:yʔ 32   1  
76 to live, be alive tʰiuʔ 43   1  
91 to buy pʰiay 11   1  
95 to fall word info law 11 pʰi 55   1  
96 dog ʔa 11 sau 33   1  
97 bird nuʔ 24   1  
98 egg pʰo 55   1  
99 feather pʰiɣ 11   1  
104 fat/grease ñaʔ 24   1  
105 tail ku 33   1  
108 louse word info taw 11 head louse 1  
111 fish ka:n 33   1  
116 flower ŋa 11   1  
117 fruit pʰo 55   1  
119 earth/soil na 55   1  
120 stone taw 11   1  
124 sea siaʔ 43   1  
128 sky ŋiʔ 24   1  
129 moon pʰian 11   1  
133 rain sa:n 11   1  
136 wind ŋin 33   1  
137 to blow word info zuʔ 24   1  
141 wet sa 55   1  
143 fire piu 33   1  
146 ash pʰə 11   1  
147 black ta:nʔ 32   1  
148 white ti 55   1  
151 green ta 55 green; ripe 1  
156 thin word info pi 55   1  
160 painful, sick kiʔ 24   1  
162 old word info ha 33 kʰaw 33 first syllable 1  
169 year tʰun 33   1  
174 in, inside la:nʔ 21   1  
175 above ta 33   1  
177 this ni 33   1  
178 that nan 33   1  
182 I kaw 33   1  
185 we word info ta 33 inclusive 1  
197 One word info sa 33   1  
198 Two word info tʰua 11   1  
199 Three word info kiɣ 33   1  
200 Four word info paʔ 24   1  
201 Five word info ma 33   1  
202 Six word info na:nʔ 32   1  
208 Fifty word info ma 33 piu 55   1, 2  
183 thou ha 33   12  
55 woman/female may 33   126  
61 house sa:ŋ 33   15  
187 they naw 33 za:ŋʔ 32 3rd + person 15  
31 tooth (hu 11) kʰay 11   17  
168 day zay 33   17  
1 hand ŋa:n 33   18  
34 to cry hia 33   18  
37 to eat huaʔ 24 Mon-Khmer borrowing, but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 19  
47 to yawn ʔa:wʔ 24   19  
188 what? word info kʰat 43 etymology unknown 19  
109 mosquito muʔ 43   1?  
149 red za 55   1?  
150 yellow ñiʔ 24   1?  
163 new pʰiɣ 11   1?  
165 bad, evil saʔ 24   1?  
184 he/she naw 33 vowel irregular if set 1 1?  
5 to walk na:uʔ 32 go 2  
54 man/male kay 33   2  
106 snake la 33   2  
115 root kʰa 33   2  
134 thunder kʰianʔ 21   2  
185 we word info mi 33 exclusive 2  
53 person/human being za:ŋʔ 32   20?  
167 night ʔa 11 la:nʔ 32   20?  
102 rat na 11 ku 55   22  
122 water word info ʔia 33 etymology presents problems 23  
84 to plant pia 33   25?  
100 wing siawʔ 24   26  
49 to lie down word info ʔdi 55   27  
9 to swim luai 33 ʔai 33 Mon-Khmer 29  
48 to sleep piʔ 24 ta 33 Mon-Khmer borrowing but appears to reconstruct to Proto-Chamic 29  
130 star tuʔ 24   29  
67 to sew word info siʔ 24   2?  
207 Twenty word info thua 11 piu 55   3, 6  
144 to burn word info tsu 55 ulimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 30  
33 to laugh pioŋʔ 32 kiaw 33 looks like a borrowing but seems regularly connected to PC too 31  
58 wife tʰiuʔ 43 etymology not clear 32  
121 sand tsua 55 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-~Chamic 32  
180 far ta 33   33  
153 big pioŋʔ 33 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origins but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 34  
51 to sit tʰoʔ 43   35  
123 to flow ʔdoyʔ 43 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 35  
155 long word info ta 33   38  
32 tongue la 55   4  
203 Seven word info su 55   4  
204 Eight word info pa:nʔ32   4  
57 husband sa:ŋ 11 etymology not clear 41  
140 dry word info tʰu 33   41  
127 woods/forest kʰiayʔ 32   42  
13 back word info kia 33 zoŋʔ 32 etymology unknown 43  
103 meat/flesh lo 33 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 44  
190 other pʰi 55 kanʔ 21 za:ŋʔ 32   45  
176 below la 33   46  
145 smoke word info sawʔ 24 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 49  
209 One Hundred word info ta 11 tu 33 [1 100] tone is odd but is right word 4?  
206 Ten word info piu 55   5  
138 warm word info ʔda:wʔ 32 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 53  
25 neck kuay 33 reconstructs to Proto-Chamic; borrowed from Mon-Khmer 55  
118 grass zəʔ 24 ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 55  
139 cold word info ʔan 33 etymology unclear 55  
131 cloud word info na:nʔ 21   59  
192 and ŋan 33   64  
179 near seʔ 43 ulimately Mon-Khmer in origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic 69  
29 to sniff, smell ñu 55 "nasal mucus"? PMP: *hiŋus 90  

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