Language: Phan Rang Cham (Eastern Cham)
| Source/Author: | Various sources, Moussay 1971, Thurgood 1999 | |
|---|---|---|
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:cjm Glottocode: east2563 | |
| Notes: | The original orthographies have been standardized (see Appendix in Thurgood 1999). The records are old and varied. Moussay, Gerard (1971). Dictionnaire Cam-Vietnamien-Français. Phan Rang: Centre Culturel Cam. Thurgood, G. (1999) From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. | |
| Problems: | The orthography used below both ignores vowel length and uses b, d, g to indicate a slightly breathy following vowel, rather than a voiced consonant | |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Graham Thurgood Checked By: | |
| Statistics: |
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| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Malayo-Chamic:Chamic:Coastal:Cham | |
| Map | ||
Resources:
Ethnologue Information for cjm
OLAC Information for cjm
World Atlas of Language Structures Information for cme- Zheng Yiqing. 1997. Huihui Yu Yanjiu [A Study of Cham]. Shanghai Yuandong Chuban She [Shanghai Far East Publishers].
Thurgood, Graham. 1999. From Ancient Cham to modern dialects: Two thousand years of language contact and change. With an appendix of Chamic reconstructions and loanwords. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications, no. 28. June 1999, 6 x 9. ISBN: 0-8248-2131-9. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 403pp.- Graham Thurgood, Fengxiang Li, and Ela Thurgood. [in final stages of writing] The Cham of Hainan: a study of linguistic restructuring and change under intense contact, based on the work of Zheng Yiqing and Ouyang Jueya.
Graham Thurgood's Homepage-
[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 2 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updating Classification to Match Ethnologue 16. From: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayic, Achinese-Chamic, Chamic, South, Coastal, Cham-Chru To: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Chamic, Coastal, Cham - Simon Greenhill (2009-07-23 03:31:54)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2008-04-14 11:08:34)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | taŋin | 18 | ||
| 2 | left | iw | Mon-Khmer borrowing | L | |
| 3 | right | hanuk | borrowing | L | |
| 4 | leg/foot | takai | 1 | ||
| 5 | to walk | nau | 2 | ||
| 6 | road/path | jalan | 1 | ||
| 7 | to come | mɨrai | come | 1? | |
| 7 | to come | mai | arrive | 1 | |
| 8 | to turn
|
waih | borrowing | L | |
| 9 | to swim | luai | ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic | 29 | |
| 10 | dirty | tasəp | borrowing | L | |
| 11 | dust | dhur | Mon-Khmer | 34 | |
| 12 | skin | kalik | 1 | ||
| 13 | back
|
rauŋ | length irregular | ||
| 14 | belly | tian | 1 | ||
| 15 | bone | talaŋ | 1 | ||
| 16 | intestines | pruəc | ultimately Mon-Khmer but reconstructs to PChamic | 23 | |
| 17 | liver | hatai | 1 | ||
| 18 | breast | tatʰɔw | 1 | ||
| 19 | shoulder | bira | 17? | 1 | |
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | tathuw | 1 | ||
| 21 | to think | sanɨŋ | initial irregular | 32 | |
| 22 | to fear | hɔch | borrowing | L | |
| 23 | blood | darah | 1 | ||
| 24 | head | akauk | 1 | ||
| 24 | head | kauk | 1 | ||
| 25 | neck | takuai | ultimately borrowed from Mon-Khmer but reconstructs to PChamic | 55 | |
| 26 | hair
|
ʔbuk | reconstructs to Proto-Chamic but the initial makes it clear that it is borrowed | 1 | |
| 27 | nose | ʔbauk | ultimately of Mon-Khmer origin but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic | ||
| 28 | to breathe | |
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| 29 | to sniff, smell | hañah | "nasal mucus"? PMP: *hiŋus | 90 | |
| 30 | mouth | pabah | 1 | ||
| 31 | tooth | tagei | 17 | ||
| 32 | tongue | dalah | 4 | ||
| 33 | to laugh | klaw | |||
| 34 | to cry | hia | 18 | ||
| 35 | to vomit | auk | x | ||
| 36 | to spit | chanuʔ | |||
| 37 | to eat | huak | both borrowed from Mon-Khmer; both reconstruct to Proto-Chamic | 19 | |
| 37 | to eat | ʔbəŋ | both borrowed from Mon-Khmer; both reconstruct to Proto-Chamic | L | |
| 38 | to chew
|
mɨmɨh | 1 | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
tanɨk | 1 | ||
| 40 | to drink | mɨñum | 1 | ||
| 41 | to bite | kaik | |||
| 42 | to suck | mum | irregular vowel | 11 | |
| 43 | ear | taŋi | 1 | ||
| 44 | to hear | hamit | borrowed | L | |
| 45 | eye | mɨta | 1 | ||
| 46 | to see | ʔboh | borrowed | L | |
| 47 | to yawn | |
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| 48 | to sleep | ʔdih | ultimately borrowed from Mon-Khmer but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic | 29 | |
| 49 | to lie down
|
ʔdih | = to sleep, lie down | 27 | |
| 50 | to dream | lipei | 1 | ||
| 51 | to sit | dauk | 35 | ||
| 52 | to stand | tagok | ultimately Mon-Khmer but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic | ||
| 53 | person/human being | lakɛy | |||
| 54 | man/male | tanauw | |||
| 55 | woman/female | amɛʔ | 126 | ||
| 56 | child | anɨʔ | 1 | ||
| 57 | husband | pasaŋ | 41 | ||
| 58 | wife | |
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| 59 | mother | inɨ | 1 | ||
| 60 | father | amɨ | 1? | ||
| 61 | house | ruməh | 1 | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | pabuŋ | 6 | ||
| 63 | name | aŋan | 1 | ||
| 64 | to say | layʔ | Mon-Khmer loan but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic | ||
| 65 | rope | talɛy | 1 | ||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | ikaʔ | 1 | ||
| 67 | to sew
|
jhik | 2 | ||
| 68 | needle | jarum | 1 | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
tiap | |||
| 70 | to shoot
|
panɨh | 1 | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | haluh | |||
| 72 | to hit
|
atauŋ | |||
| 73 | to steal | klaik | |||
| 74 | to kill | |
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| 75 | to die, be dead | mɨtay | 1 | ||
| 76 | to live, be alive | hadiəp | 1 | ||
| 77 | to scratch
|
gatəl | an itch | 37 | |
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
tak | 3 | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | kayuw | 1 | ||
| 80 | to split
|
blah | 1 | ||
| 81 | sharp | haluək | 37 | ||
| 82 | dull, blunt | |
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| 83 | to work
|
bruk | |||
| 84 | to plant | pala | 25 | ||
| 85 | to choose | ruah | |||
| 86 | to grow
|
tamuh | 1 | ||
| 87 | to swell
|
bok | |||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
tapik | |||
| 89 | to hold
|
apan | |||
| 90 | to dig | kalɛy | 1 | ||
| 91 | to buy | blɛy | 1 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | pəh | |||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
thauk | |||
| 94 | to throw
|
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| 95 | to fall
|
libuh | |||
| 96 | dog | asuw | 1 | ||
| 97 | bird | mɨnuk | 1 | ||
| 98 | egg | bauh | |||
| 99 | feather | buluw | 1 | ||
| 100 | wing | thiap | 26 | ||
| 101 | to fly | pər | loan from AA (Thurgood) | L | |
| 102 | rat | takuh | 22 | ||
| 103 | meat/flesh | asar | |||
| 104 | fat/grease | lamɨk | 24 | ||
| 105 | tail | iku | 1 | ||
| 106 | snake | ula | 2 | ||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | hulak | 36 | ||
| 108 | louse
|
katuw | 1 | ||
| 109 | mosquito | jamauk | 1 | ||
| 110 | spider | galimɨŋ | |||
| 111 | fish | ikan | 1 | ||
| 112 | rotten
|
bruk | 1 | ||
| 113 | branch
|
dhan | 1 | ||
| 114 | leaf | hala | Mon-Khmer loan | 61 | L |
| 115 | root | ugha | 2 | ||
| 116 | flower | biŋu | 1? | ||
| 117 | fruit | bauh | 1 | ||
| 118 | grass | rək | 55 | ||
| 119 | earth/soil | lən | |||
| 119 | earth/soil | tanɨh | 1 | ||
| 120 | stone | batuw | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | cuah | 32 | ||
| 122 | water
|
ia | 23 | ||
| 123 | to flow | ʔduəc | 35 | ||
| 124 | sea | tasiʔ | 1 | ||
| 125 | salt | sara | 1 | ||
| 126 | lake | danaw | 1 | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | hatan | |||
| 127 | woods/forest | rəm-glay | 42 | ||
| 128 | sky | laŋik | 1 | ||
| 129 | moon | bulan | 1 | ||
| 130 | star | bituk | 29 | ||
| 131 | cloud
|
ganəm | 59 | ||
| 132 | fog | huəl | 31 | ||
| 133 | rain | hujan | 1 | ||
| 134 | thunder | grum | 39 | ||
| 135 | lightning | katal | |||
| 136 | wind | aŋin | 1 | ||
| 137 | to blow
|
ayuk | 1 | ||
| 138 | warm
|
paʔdaw | Mon-Khmer but reconstructs to Proto-Chamic | 53 | |
| 139 | cold
|
lian | 55 | ||
| 140 | dry
|
thu | 41 | ||
| 141 | wet | basah | 1 | ||
| 142 | heavy | trak | 25 | ||
| 143 | fire | apuy | 1 | ||
| 144 | to burn
|
cuh | 30 | ||
| 145 | smoke
|
asak | 49 | ||
| 146 | ash | habuw | 1 | ||
| 147 | black | hitam | 1 | ||
| 148 | white | patih | 1 | ||
| 149 | red | mɨriah | 1 | ||
| 150 | yellow | kañik | 1? | ||
| 151 | green | hijaw | 25 | ||
| 152 | small | udar | |||
| 153 | big | raya | 1 | ||
| 153 | big | prauŋ | 34 | ||
| 154 | short
|
bier | |||
| 155 | long
|
atah | 38 | ||
| 156 | thin
|
lawaŋ | 19 | ||
| 157 | thick
|
|
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| 158 | narrow | ganik | 33 | ||
| 159 | wide | ʔblak | |||
| 160 | painful, sick | hakik | 1 | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed | maluw | 20 | ||
| 162 | old
|
taha | 1 | ||
| 163 | new | baruw | 1 | ||
| 163 | new | barahuw | 1 | ||
| 164 | good | biak | 33 | ||
| 165 | bad, evil | jhak | 1 | ||
| 166 | correct, true | ʔjəp | |||
| 167 | night | mɨləm | 20 | ||
| 168 | day | huray | 17 | ||
| 169 | year | thun | 1 | ||
| 170 | when?
|
təl | arrive, when | ||
| 171 | to hide
|
asadap | |||
| 172 | to climb
|
ʔdik | |||
| 173 | at | di | 20 | ||
| 174 | in, inside | dalam | 1 | ||
| 175 | above | atah | 1 | ||
| 176 | below | ala | 46 | ||
| 177 | this | ni | 1 | ||
| 178 | that | nan | 1 | ||
| 179 | near | jaik | 69 | ||
| 180 | far | atauh | 33 | ||
| 181 | where?
|
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| 182 | I | kaw | 1 | ||
| 183 | thou | hɨ | 12 | ||
| 184 | he/she | ñu | 1? | ||
| 185 | we
|
gita | 1 | ||
| 185 | we
|
ita | 1 | ||
| 186 | you | hɨ | 11 | ||
| 187 | they | ñu | 15 | ||
| 188 | what?
|
hagait | 19 | ||
| 189 | who?
|
halay | |||
| 190 | other | gan | 45 | ||
| 190 | other | uraŋ | 'person' | ||
| 191 | all | abih | 9 | ||
| 192 | and | ŋan | 64 | ||
| 193 | if | yah | |||
| 193 | if | hay | |||
| 194 | how?
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| 195 | no, not | ka...o | |||
| 196 | to count | yap | 2 | ||
| 197 | One
|
sa | 1 | ||
| 198 | Two
|
dua | 1 | ||
| 199 | Three
|
klaw | 1 | ||
| 200 | Four
|
pak | 1 | ||
| 201 | Five
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| 202 | Six
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| 203 | Seven
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| 204 | Eight
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| 205 | Nine
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| 206 | Ten
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| 207 | Twenty
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| 208 | Fifty
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| 209 | One Hundred
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| 210 | One Thousand
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