Language: Mwotlap
Source/Author: | Alex Francois (fieldnotes 1997-2006) | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:mlv Glottocode: motl1237 | |
Notes: | ||
Problems: | I chose a strictly IPA transcription, except that prenasalised consonants are not spelled out, and yod is /y/ rather than /j/. The cognacy column: I temporarily added the etyma themselves (either POc or PNCVanuatu, or even my own north Vanuatu reconstructions, with 2 stars) for the cognacy expert to make informed judgments -- knowing that Mwotlap can be extreme in its evolution -- e.g. /ɣɛy/ 'swim' < *kaRu. (I'm afraid my comments in that column were sometimes chopped out by the programme) | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Dr Alexandre François Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:North and Central Vanuatu:Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands:East Vanuatu | |
Map |
Resources:
ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Mwotlap
Ethnologue Information for mlv
OLAC Information for mlv
World Atlas of Language Structures Information for mwo
Homepage of Alex Francois
Paper discussing the main principles of phonological correspondences and reconstruction, for the 17 languages of north Vanuatu, Oceanic Linguistic, December 2005. Contains a (20-page) list of reconstructions for that region, with supporting data.
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[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing all of 9 entries
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:50:43)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:45:44)
- Changed from "ni-pni-k" (Word 12) - Simon Greenhill (2016-11-07 22:05:24)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2015-06-04 09:56:11)
- Updating Classification to Match Ethnologue 16. From: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Vanuatu, (A), Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu, (A) To: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu. - Simon Greenhill (2009-07-23 03:32:05)
- Changed from "na-lawlaw" (Word 149) - John Lynch (2007-01-28 22:42:27)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2006-05-20 12:21:32)
- Adding Resource - Simon Greenhill (2006-05-20 12:21:04)
- Adding Resource - Simon Greenhill (2006-05-20 12:19:34)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
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68 | needle | ![]() |
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69 | to hunt
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96 | dog | ![]() |
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11 | dust | nʊ-wʊwʊ | 1, 50 | ||
35 | to vomit | kpʷɔap | |||
41 | to bite | ŋit | 58 | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | yɪt | 77 | ||
82 | dull, blunt | nɛ-ŋmʷɛs | 34 | ||
86 | to grow
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mɔtɔw | 1 | ||
92 | to open, uncover | wak | 1? | ||
93 | to pound, beat
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kpʷʊs | 17? | ||
95 | to fall
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kpʷɪsdi | |||
95 | to fall
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sisɣɔy | 20 | ||
104 | fat/grease | na-ɣyak | 39 | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | ni-slat | 1, 8 | ||
108 | louse
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ni-ɣit | 1 | ||
111 | fish | nʊ-mʊmʊ | 81 | ||
112 | rotten
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sakpʷ | 53? | ||
123 | to flow | lɔŋ | 61 | ||
131 | cloud
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nɪ-kpʷɪykpʷɛy | 38 | ||
132 | fog | na-myɪp | 3, 32 | ||
133 | rain | na-sŋmʷal | |||
137 | to blow
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wɛyɛh | |||
138 | warm
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nɛ-sɛw | 42 | ||
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋmʷal | 43 | ||
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋɛy | |||
142 | heavy | nɪ-dɪw | 14 | ||
148 | white | na-kpʷaɣkpʷaɣ | 13 | ||
150 | yellow | nɔ-ŋɔyŋɔy | 9 | ||
151 | green | na-ŋmʷaŋmʷal | 43 | ||
152 | small | nu-su | 81, 83? | ||
154 | short
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na-maltɪ | |||
155 | long
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nɛ-hyɔ | |||
156 | thin
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nɛ-mßinßin | 1 | ||
158 | narrow | nɔ-kɔkɔk | |||
159 | wide | nɛ-twɔl | 34 | ||
166 | correct, true | hɪywɪ | |||
168 | day | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | 16 | ||
176 | below | lʊ-kpʷʊltɛ | |||
177 | this | ɣʊh | |||
178 | that | nɛn | 1? | ||
179 | near | iskpʷɛt | |||
185 | we
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kɛmɛm | E42 | ||
191 | all | dɛl | 15 | ||
192 | and | tʊ | 30 | ||
193 | if | sɔwɔ | 32? | ||
195 | no, not | tatɛh | 10 | ||
196 | to count | ßatah | |||
207 | Twenty
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sɔŋwul yʊ | 9 | ||
208 | Fifty
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sɔŋwul tɪßɪlɪm | x | ||
52 | to stand | tiɣ | ((NOT *tuqu) | 68 | |
36 | to spit | ninih | (*(q)anusi) | 14, 84 | |
190 | other | tɛɣha | (**-sae) | 60 | |
145 | smoke
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na-hʊ | (**asu-a ?) | 2 | |
64 | to say | ßap | (**ßaßa <) | 13 | |
17 | liver | na-ßay | (**ßara) | 17 | |
73 | to steal | bɛl | (**balu) | 23 | |
122 | water
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nɪ-bɪ | (**bei) | 28 | |
76 | to live, be alive | n-ɪh | (**esu) | 24 | |
70 | to shoot
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kay | (**gara) | 33 | |
47 | to yawn | ɣayŋmʷa | (**kaʀat +) | 19 | |
77 | to scratch
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ɣayɣay | (**karo) | 1 | |
202 | Six
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lɛßɛtɛ | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
203 | Seven
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lißiyʊ | (**laßea-) | 13 | |
204 | Eight
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lɛßɛtɪl | (**laßea-) | 5, 7 | |
205 | Nine
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lɛßɛßɛt | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
72 | to hit
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laŋmʷ | (**lamʷas) | ||
149 | red | na-lawlaw | (**lawa 'br) | 52 | |
10 | dirty | nɛ-lɛm | (**leba) | 9 | |
153 | big | ni-lwo | (**liwoa) | 111 | |
28 | to breathe | ŋmʷʊkhɛɣ | (**mabus-ak) | 14 | |
83 | to work
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muwumwu | (**makui) | 29 | |
147 | black | nɛ-mlɪmlɪɣ | (**maliɣo) | 41 | |
161 | shy, ashamed | mamayɣɛ | (**maraɣai) | 34 | |
4 | leg/foot | na-yŋɪ-k | (**raŋo) | 17 | |
172 | to climb
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yɛm | (**rabit) | 37 | |
180 | far | yɛh | (**rasu) | 32 | |
87 | to swell
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yɪɣ | (**riɣa) | 23 | |
51 | to sit | haɣ | (**sake) | 72 | |
81 | sharp | nɛ-hɛy | (**sar[i,u]) | 19 | |
63 | name | na-hɛ-k | (**sasa- <?) | 66 | |
171 | to hide
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takpʷ bat | (**tabwaß) | 32? | |
89 | to hold
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tɪy | (**tauri) | 35 | |
116 | flower | na-twɪh | (**tawaɣas) | 34 | |
197 | One
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ßi-twaɣ | (**tuwale) | 9 | |
164 | good | nɪ-wɪ | (**wia) 1 or 43? | 1 | |
184 | he/she | kɪ | (*-a) | 1, 29 | |
187 | they | kɪy | (*-ra) | 1, 70 | |
201 | Five
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tɪßɪlɪm | (*?? + *lim) | 1 | |
175 | above | apwɔ | (*a-papo) | 2 | |
143 | fire | n-ɛp | (*api) | 1 | |
109 | mosquito | nɛ-nɛm | (*ñamuk) | 1 | |
167 | night | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | (*boŋi) | 1 | |
50 | to dream | kpʷɔykpʷɔy | (*boʀe) | 10 | |
79 | stick/wood | nɪ-kpʷɪtɪnɣɛ | (*bwatu 'he) | 1 | |
21 | to think | dɪm | (*domi) | 13 | |
23 | blood | na-day | (*draʀaq) | 1 | |
2 | left | na-ɣla | (*ɣalawa) | 14 | |
61 | house | n-ɪŋmʷ | (*ʀumaq) | 1 | |
40 | to drink | in | (*inum) | 1 | |
6 | road/path | na-mtɛhal | (*jalan) | 1 | |
9 | to swim | ɣɛy | (*kaʀu) | 5 | |
37 | to eat | ɣɛn | (*kani) | 1 | |
163 | new | nɛ-ɣyakpʷ | (*karabwa) | 9 | |
102 | rat | na-ɣhʊw | (*kasupe) | 3 | |
90 | to dig | ɣil | (*keli) | 1 | |
136 | wind | nɛ-lɛŋ | (*laŋit 's) | 1, 77 | |
174 | in, inside | lɛlɔ | (*lo lolo) | 1 | |
173 | at | lɛ- | (*lo) | 38 | |
139 | cold
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nɔ-mɔmyiy | (*madridri�) | 1 | |
97 | bird | nɛ-mɛn | (*manuk) | 1 | |
22 | to fear | mɪtɪɣtɛɣ | (*matakut) | 1 | |
75 | to die, be dead | mat | (*mate) | 1 | |
157 | thick
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nɛ-mtɪmtɪl | (*matolutol) | 3 | |
3 | right | na-mtʊ | (*matuqa) | 5, 37 | |
48 | to sleep | mitiy | (*maturuR) | 1 | |
106 | snake | na-ŋmʷat | (*mʷata) | 12 | |
127 | woods/forest | nɪ-ŋmʷɪt | (*motus) | 60 | |
182 | I | nɔ | (*n-au) | 1, 21, 22 | |
125 | salt | na-naw | (*napon 'su) | 30 | |
183 | thou | nɪk | (*nigo) | 1, 17, 18 | |
135 | lightning | nɪ-ßɪl | (*p(w)ilak) | 26 | |
118 | grass | na-plih | (*paliji) | 1 | |
7 | to come | ßan mɛ | (*pano + *m) | 23, 1 | |
5 | to walk | ßanßan | (*pano) | 2 | |
200 | Four
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ßɪ-ßɛt | (*pati) | 1, 65 | |
121 | sand | nɪ-ßɪthiylɛ | (*patu 'sto) | ||
120 | stone | nɛ-ßɛt | (*patu) | 1 | |
181 | where?
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aßɛ | (*pea) | 3, 35 | |
103 | meat/flesh | nɪ-phɔɰ | (*pisiko) | 10 | |
130 | star | ni-ßit | (*pituqun) | 1 | |
91 | to buy | wɪl | (*poli) | 1 | |
129 | moon | nʊ-wʊl | (*pulan) | 1 | |
146 | ash | nʊ-wʊwʊ | (*qapu-a (?) | 1? | |
53 | person/human being | n-ɛt | (*qata (?)) | 4 | |
54 | man/male | na-tŋmʷan | (*qata + *mʷaqane) | 1, 14 | |
162 | old
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tamayɣɛ | (*qata-mara) | 132 | |
49 | to lie down
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ɛn | (*qenop) | 1 | |
198 | Two
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ßʊ-yʊ | (*rua) | 1 | |
206 | Ten
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sɔŋwul | (*saŋapulu) | 5 | |
188 | what?
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na-hap | (*sapa) | 1 | |
165 | bad, evil | nɛ-hɛt | (*saqat) | 1 | |
189 | who?
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yɪ | (*sei) | 1 | |
15 | bone | ni-hiy | (*suʀi) | 52 | |
18 | breast | ni-sis | (*susu) | 1 | |
67 | to sew
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susuy | (*susuʀi) | 15, 59 | |
34 | to cry | tɛŋ | (*taŋis) | 1 | |
169 | year | n-ɪtɛ | (*taun) | 1 | |
16 | intestines | nɪ-tna | (*tinaqe) | 1 | |
199 | Three
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ßɪ-tɪl | (*tolu) | 1 | |
78 | to cut, hack
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tɔt | (*totok) | 3 | |
46 | to see | ɛt | (?) | 1, 89 | |
119 | earth/soil | nɪ-ßɪtan | (?*patu 'st) | 1? | |
29 | to sniff, smell | hɪmɛn | (?? + **mad) | 15 | |
55 | woman/female | na-lkpʷʊßɪn | (?? + *pine) | 1, 72 | |
186 | you | kimi | (cf. kamiu) | 1, 13 | |
185 | we
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ɣɪn | (**kinta +) | 1 | |
110 | spider | na-myaw | (**marawa) | 32 | |
33 | to laugh | yɪyɪ | (<**riwa) | 90 | |
80 | to split
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Vb1 + wɔy | (only as Vb2 in serialisation) (**ßora) | 1 | |
84 | to plant | ßah | **vaso | 6 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | lɪɣ | *likot | 1, 39 | |
35 | to vomit | lʊlʊ + | *luaq | 8 | |
137 | to blow
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yip | a (**rißi) | 40 | |
56 | child | nɪtŋmʷɛy | a child (*natu) | 5, 8 | |
128 | sky | alɣɛ | above (**lakau 's) | 35? | |
137 | to blow
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yip | b. | 40 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | nɔ-lɔlmɛyɛn | be knowledgeable | 86 | |
126 | lake | nɪ-bɪ liwo | big water | 21 | |
8 | to turn
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hɪsɪm | change paths at crossroads; | 126 | |
38 | to chew
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kamkam | chew betel | ||
39 | to cook
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kpʷaŋyis | cook in earth oven (**bwaraŋi) | 42 | |
168 | day | na-myɛn | daylight (**ma-raqan) | 6 | |
124 | sea | na-lam | deep sea, ocean (*napon 'su) | 14 | |
140 | dry
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mah | dry river (*mama) | 11 | |
140 | dry
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mɛyɛŋ | dry wood | 1, 85 | |
101 | to fly | ɣap | fly flapping wings (*kapak) | 14 | |
84 | to plant | yuw | for yams | 9 | |
38 | to chew
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ŋɛ | general term | 12 | |
99 | feather | n-ili mɛn | hair of bird (*pulu + *m) | 1 | |
44 | to hear | yɔŋtɛɣ | hear, feel (*roŋoʀ) | 1, 55 | |
74 | to kill | wuh mat | hit dead (**ßusi +) | 26, 2 | |
209 | One Hundred
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ŋmʷɛldɪl ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | hundred time-one (**mwele-do) | 35 | |
170 | when?
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ŋɪh | in future (*ŋaican) | 1 | |
170 | when?
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aŋɪh | in past | 1 | |
113 | branch
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nɪ-wtɪ-n | its branch | ||
98 | egg | nɪ-tlɪ-n | its egg(s) (*qatoluR) | 1 | |
117 | fruit | n-ɪwa-n | its fruit (*puaq) | 1, 26 | |
114 | leaf | na-yɔ-n | its leaf (*raun) | 1 | |
115 | root | nʊ-ɣʊyɣʊyɪ-n | its roots (**koaʀi) | 2, 41 | |
105 | tail | na-ɣlɔ-n | its tail (**ɣolo) | 24 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ɪɣlal | know (*kilal) | 18 | |
65 | rope | na-ɣayɣa | liana, rope, string (? **kaʀo) | 25, 56 | |
194 | how?
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kpʷɛlɛ aßɛ | lit. like where | ||
85 | to choose | ɛt yak | lit. look + take away | 30 | |
13 | back
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nɪ-klɛ-k | my back (*gula-) | 10 | |
14 | belly | na-tkpʷɛ-k | my belly (*tobwa) | 36 | |
56 | child | inti-k | my child | 5 | |
43 | ear | nɪ-dɪlŋɛ-k | my ear(s) (*taliŋa) | 1, 40 | |
30 | mouth | na-ŋyɛ-k | my external mouth/lips | 7 | |
45 | eye | na-mtɛ-k | my eyes (*mata) | 1 | |
60 | father | itmɛ-k | my father (*tama) | 1 | |
26 | hair
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n-ili-k | my hair (*pulu) | 31 | |
1 | hand | na-mnɪ-k | my hand(s) (*banic) | 14 | |
24 | head | ni-kpʷti-k | my head (*bwatu) | 9 | |
30 | mouth | na-plɛ-k | my internal mouth (**βal) | 42 | |
59 | mother | ißɪ-k | my mother (**ßeße) | 20 | |
25 | neck | nɪ-nlɪ-k | my neck (**daleqo) | 42 | |
27 | nose | ni-mdi-k | my nose (**madu-) | 14 | |
12 | skin | ni-pni-k | my skin (**ßiniti) | 28 | |
57 | husband | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 65 | |
58 | wife | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 51 | |
31 | tooth | nɪ-lwɪ-k | my teeth (*lipon) | 1, 35 | |
32 | tongue | na-ɣaymɛ-k | my tongue (*kaʀamaya) | 7, 14 | |
92 | to open, uncover | ʊw | open earth oven | ||
160 | painful, sick | nɛ-mɛmɛh | painful | 1 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | hiɣ | prick (*sukit) | 1, 8 | |
8 | to turn
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ßɪy | reverse direction (**ßir) | 24 | |
62 | thatch/roof | nɔ-yɔt | sago palm, thatch (*raun + *q) | 1, 61 | |
124 | sea | na-naw | sea, lagoon | 42 | |
144 | to burn
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bɪ n-ɛp hiy | set fire to | 42 | |
160 | painful, sick | nɔ-ɣɔm | sick (**ɣob) | 50 | |
88 | to squeeze
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ßiɣiy (lʊ) | squeeze (out) (***ßaɣir) | 16 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | ɛs | stab with knife | 34 | |
134 | thunder | nɛ-lɛŋ-ßayßay | stamping wind | 15, 84 | |
19 | shoulder | na-kpʷtɪɣ bɪnɪ-k | start of my arm/hand (*bwatu (?)) | 65, 36? | |
42 | to suck | saŋmʷ | suck/chew sugarcane ((*jamu)) | 21 | |
210 | One Thousand
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tɛy ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | thousan (**tari + *)d time-one | 13 | |
94 | to throw
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yim | to stone, throw a stone | ||
94 | to throw
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suwyɛɣ | to throw in gen. | ||
100 | wing | na-mnɪ mɛn | wing/arm of bird (see hand) (*banic + *) | 2 |