Language: Mwotlap
Source/Author: | Alex Francois (fieldnotes 1997-2006) | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:mlv Glottocode: motl1237 | |
Notes: | ||
Problems: | I chose a strictly IPA transcription, except that prenasalised consonants are not spelled out, and yod is /y/ rather than /j/. The cognacy column: I temporarily added the etyma themselves (either POc or PNCVanuatu, or even my own north Vanuatu reconstructions, with 2 stars) for the cognacy expert to make informed judgments -- knowing that Mwotlap can be extreme in its evolution -- e.g. /ɣɛy/ 'swim' < *kaRu. (I'm afraid my comments in that column were sometimes chopped out by the programme) | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Dr Alexandre François Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:North and Central Vanuatu:Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands:East Vanuatu | |
Map |
Resources:
ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Mwotlap
Ethnologue Information for mlv
OLAC Information for mlv
World Atlas of Language Structures Information for mwo
Homepage of Alex Francois
Paper discussing the main principles of phonological correspondences and reconstruction, for the 17 languages of north Vanuatu, Oceanic Linguistic, December 2005. Contains a (20-page) list of reconstructions for that region, with supporting data.
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[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 9 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:50:43)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:45:44)
- Changed from "ni-pni-k" (Word 12) - Simon Greenhill (2016-11-07 22:05:24)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
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68 | needle | ![]() |
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69 | to hunt
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96 | dog | ![]() |
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35 | to vomit | kpʷɔap | |||
38 | to chew
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kamkam | chew betel | ||
72 | to hit
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laŋmʷ | (**lamʷas) | ||
92 | to open, uncover | ʊw | open earth oven | ||
94 | to throw
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yim | to stone, throw a stone | ||
94 | to throw
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suwyɛɣ | to throw in gen. | ||
95 | to fall
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kpʷɪsdi | |||
113 | branch
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nɪ-wtɪ-n | its branch | ||
121 | sand | nɪ-ßɪthiylɛ | (*patu 'sto) | ||
133 | rain | na-sŋmʷal | |||
137 | to blow
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wɛyɛh | |||
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋɛy | |||
154 | short
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na-maltɪ | |||
155 | long
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nɛ-hyɔ | |||
158 | narrow | nɔ-kɔkɔk | |||
166 | correct, true | hɪywɪ | |||
176 | below | lʊ-kpʷʊltɛ | |||
177 | this | ɣʊh | |||
179 | near | iskpʷɛt | |||
194 | how?
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kpʷɛlɛ aßɛ | lit. like where | ||
196 | to count | ßatah | |||
6 | road/path | na-mtɛhal | (*jalan) | 1 | |
16 | intestines | nɪ-tna | (*tinaqe) | 1 | |
18 | breast | ni-sis | (*susu) | 1 | |
22 | to fear | mɪtɪɣtɛɣ | (*matakut) | 1 | |
23 | blood | na-day | (*draʀaq) | 1 | |
34 | to cry | tɛŋ | (*taŋis) | 1 | |
37 | to eat | ɣɛn | (*kani) | 1 | |
40 | to drink | in | (*inum) | 1 | |
45 | eye | na-mtɛ-k | my eyes (*mata) | 1 | |
48 | to sleep | mitiy | (*maturuR) | 1 | |
49 | to lie down
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ɛn | (*qenop) | 1 | |
60 | father | itmɛ-k | my father (*tama) | 1 | |
61 | house | n-ɪŋmʷ | (*ʀumaq) | 1 | |
75 | to die, be dead | mat | (*mate) | 1 | |
77 | to scratch
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ɣayɣay | (**karo) | 1 | |
79 | stick/wood | nɪ-kpʷɪtɪnɣɛ | (*bwatu 'he) | 1 | |
80 | to split
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Vb1 + wɔy | (only as Vb2 in serialisation) (**ßora) | 1 | |
86 | to grow
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mɔtɔw | 1 | ||
90 | to dig | ɣil | (*keli) | 1 | |
91 | to buy | wɪl | (*poli) | 1 | |
97 | bird | nɛ-mɛn | (*manuk) | 1 | |
98 | egg | nɪ-tlɪ-n | its egg(s) (*qatoluR) | 1 | |
99 | feather | n-ili mɛn | hair of bird (*pulu + *m) | 1 | |
108 | louse
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ni-ɣit | 1 | ||
109 | mosquito | nɛ-nɛm | (*ñamuk) | 1 | |
114 | leaf | na-yɔ-n | its leaf (*raun) | 1 | |
118 | grass | na-plih | (*paliji) | 1 | |
120 | stone | nɛ-ßɛt | (*patu) | 1 | |
129 | moon | nʊ-wʊl | (*pulan) | 1 | |
130 | star | ni-ßit | (*pituqun) | 1 | |
139 | cold
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nɔ-mɔmyiy | (*madridri�) | 1 | |
143 | fire | n-ɛp | (*api) | 1 | |
156 | thin
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nɛ-mßinßin | 1 | ||
160 | painful, sick | nɛ-mɛmɛh | painful | 1 | |
164 | good | nɪ-wɪ | (**wia) 1 or 43? | 1 | |
165 | bad, evil | nɛ-hɛt | (*saqat) | 1 | |
167 | night | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | (*boŋi) | 1 | |
169 | year | n-ɪtɛ | (*taun) | 1 | |
170 | when?
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ŋɪh | in future (*ŋaican) | 1 | |
170 | when?
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aŋɪh | in past | 1 | |
174 | in, inside | lɛlɔ | (*lo lolo) | 1 | |
185 | we
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ɣɪn | (**kinta +) | 1 | |
188 | what?
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na-hap | (*sapa) | 1 | |
189 | who?
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yɪ | (*sei) | 1 | |
198 | Two
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ßʊ-yʊ | (*rua) | 1 | |
199 | Three
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ßɪ-tɪl | (*tolu) | 1 | |
201 | Five
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tɪßɪlɪm | (*?? + *lim) | 1 | |
183 | thou | nɪk | (*nigo) | 1, 17, 18 | |
117 | fruit | n-ɪwa-n | its fruit (*puaq) | 1, 26 | |
184 | he/she | kɪ | (*-a) | 1, 29 | |
43 | ear | nɪ-dɪlŋɛ-k | my ear(s) (*taliŋa) | 1, 40 | |
11 | dust | nʊ-wʊwʊ | 1, 50 | ||
44 | to hear | yɔŋtɛɣ | hear, feel (*roŋoʀ) | 1, 55 | |
62 | thatch/roof | nɔ-yɔt | sago palm, thatch (*raun + *q) | 1, 61 | |
187 | they | kɪy | (*-ra) | 1, 70 | |
136 | wind | nɛ-lɛŋ | (*laŋit 's) | 1, 77 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | hiɣ | prick (*sukit) | 1, 8 | |
46 | to see | ɛt | (?) | 1, 89 | |
186 | you | kimi | (cf. kamiu) | 1, 13 | |
54 | man/male | na-tŋmʷan | (*qata + *mʷaqane) | 1, 14 | |
182 | I | nɔ | (*n-au) | 1, 21, 22 | |
31 | tooth | nɪ-lwɪ-k | my teeth (*lipon) | 1, 35 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | lɪɣ | *likot | 1, 39 | |
200 | Four
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ßɪ-ßɛt | (*pati) | 1, 65 | |
55 | woman/female | na-lkpʷʊßɪn | (?? + *pine) | 1, 72 | |
107 | worm (earthworm) | ni-slat | 1, 8 | ||
140 | dry
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mɛyɛŋ | dry wood | 1, 85 | |
13 | back
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nɪ-klɛ-k | my back (*gula-) | 10 | |
50 | to dream | kpʷɔykpʷɔy | (*boʀe) | 10 | |
103 | meat/flesh | nɪ-phɔɰ | (*pisiko) | 10 | |
195 | no, not | tatɛh | 10 | ||
140 | dry
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mah | dry river (*mama) | 11 | |
153 | big | ni-lwo | (**liwoa) | 111 | |
38 | to chew
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ŋɛ | general term | 12 | |
106 | snake | na-ŋmʷat | (*mʷata) | 12 | |
8 | to turn
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hɪsɪm | change paths at crossroads; | 126 | |
21 | to think | dɪm | (*domi) | 13 | |
64 | to say | ßap | (**ßaßa <) | 13 | |
148 | white | na-kpʷaɣkpʷaɣ | 13 | ||
203 | Seven
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lißiyʊ | (**laßea-) | 13 | |
210 | One Thousand
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tɛy ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | thousan (**tari + *)d time-one | 13 | |
162 | old
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tamayɣɛ | (*qata-mara) | 132 | |
1 | hand | na-mnɪ-k | my hand(s) (*banic) | 14 | |
2 | left | na-ɣla | (*ɣalawa) | 14 | |
27 | nose | ni-mdi-k | my nose (**madu-) | 14 | |
28 | to breathe | ŋmʷʊkhɛɣ | (**mabus-ak) | 14 | |
101 | to fly | ɣap | fly flapping wings (*kapak) | 14 | |
124 | sea | na-lam | deep sea, ocean (*napon 'su) | 14 | |
142 | heavy | nɪ-dɪw | 14 | ||
36 | to spit | ninih | (*(q)anusi) | 14, 84 | |
29 | to sniff, smell | hɪmɛn | (?? + **mad) | 15 | |
191 | all | dɛl | 15 | ||
67 | to sew
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susuy | (*susuʀi) | 15, 59 | |
134 | thunder | nɛ-lɛŋ-ßayßay | stamping wind | 15, 84 | |
88 | to squeeze
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ßiɣiy (lʊ) | squeeze (out) (***ßaɣir) | 16 | |
168 | day | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | 16 | ||
4 | leg/foot | na-yŋɪ-k | (**raŋo) | 17 | |
17 | liver | na-ßay | (**ßara) | 17 | |
93 | to pound, beat
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kpʷʊs | 17? | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ɪɣlal | know (*kilal) | 18 | |
47 | to yawn | ɣayŋmʷa | (**kaʀat +) | 19 | |
81 | sharp | nɛ-hɛy | (**sar[i,u]) | 19 | |
92 | to open, uncover | wak | 1? | ||
119 | earth/soil | nɪ-ßɪtan | (?*patu 'st) | 1? | |
146 | ash | nʊ-wʊwʊ | (*qapu-a (?) | 1? | |
178 | that | nɛn | 1? | ||
5 | to walk | ßanßan | (*pano) | 2 | |
100 | wing | na-mnɪ mɛn | wing/arm of bird (see hand) (*banic + *) | 2 | |
145 | smoke
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na-hʊ | (**asu-a ?) | 2 | |
175 | above | apwɔ | (*a-papo) | 2 | |
115 | root | nʊ-ɣʊyɣʊyɪ-n | its roots (**koaʀi) | 2, 41 | |
59 | mother | ißɪ-k | my mother (**ßeße) | 20 | |
95 | to fall
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sisɣɔy | 20 | ||
202 | Six
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lɛßɛtɛ | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
205 | Nine
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lɛßɛßɛt | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
42 | to suck | saŋmʷ | suck/chew sugarcane ((*jamu)) | 21 | |
126 | lake | nɪ-bɪ liwo | big water | 21 | |
73 | to steal | bɛl | (**balu) | 23 | |
87 | to swell
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yɪɣ | (**riɣa) | 23 | |
7 | to come | ßan mɛ | (*pano + *m) | 23, 1 | |
8 | to turn
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ßɪy | reverse direction (**ßir) | 24 | |
76 | to live, be alive | n-ɪh | (**esu) | 24 | |
105 | tail | na-ɣlɔ-n | its tail (**ɣolo) | 24 | |
65 | rope | na-ɣayɣa | liana, rope, string (? **kaʀo) | 25, 56 | |
135 | lightning | nɪ-ßɪl | (*p(w)ilak) | 26 | |
74 | to kill | wuh mat | hit dead (**ßusi +) | 26, 2 | |
12 | skin | ni-pni-k | my skin (**ßiniti) | 28 | |
122 | water
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nɪ-bɪ | (**bei) | 28 | |
83 | to work
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muwumwu | (**makui) | 29 | |
78 | to cut, hack
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tɔt | (*totok) | 3 | |
102 | rat | na-ɣhʊw | (*kasupe) | 3 | |
157 | thick
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nɛ-mtɪmtɪl | (*matolutol) | 3 | |
132 | fog | na-myɪp | 3, 32 | ||
181 | where?
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aßɛ | (*pea) | 3, 35 | |
85 | to choose | ɛt yak | lit. look + take away | 30 | |
125 | salt | na-naw | (*napon 'su) | 30 | |
192 | and | tʊ | 30 | ||
26 | hair
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n-ili-k | my hair (*pulu) | 31 | |
110 | spider | na-myaw | (**marawa) | 32 | |
180 | far | yɛh | (**rasu) | 32 | |
171 | to hide
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takpʷ bat | (**tabwaß) | 32? | |
193 | if | sɔwɔ | 32? | ||
70 | to shoot
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kay | (**gara) | 33 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | ɛs | stab with knife | 34 | |
82 | dull, blunt | nɛ-ŋmʷɛs | 34 | ||
116 | flower | na-twɪh | (**tawaɣas) | 34 | |
159 | wide | nɛ-twɔl | 34 | ||
161 | shy, ashamed | mamayɣɛ | (**maraɣai) | 34 | |
89 | to hold
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tɪy | (**tauri) | 35 | |
209 | One Hundred
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ŋmʷɛldɪl ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | hundred time-one (**mwele-do) | 35 | |
128 | sky | alɣɛ | above (**lakau 's) | 35? | |
14 | belly | na-tkpʷɛ-k | my belly (*tobwa) | 36 | |
172 | to climb
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yɛm | (**rabit) | 37 | |
131 | cloud
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nɪ-kpʷɪykpʷɛy | 38 | ||
173 | at | lɛ- | (*lo) | 38 | |
104 | fat/grease | na-ɣyak | 39 | ||
53 | person/human being | n-ɛt | (*qata (?)) | 4 | |
137 | to blow
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yip | a (**rißi) | 40 | |
137 | to blow
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yip | b. | 40 | |
147 | black | nɛ-mlɪmlɪɣ | (**maliɣo) | 41 | |
25 | neck | nɪ-nlɪ-k | my neck (**daleqo) | 42 | |
30 | mouth | na-plɛ-k | my internal mouth (**βal) | 42 | |
39 | to cook
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kpʷaŋyis | cook in earth oven (**bwaraŋi) | 42 | |
124 | sea | na-naw | sea, lagoon | 42 | |
138 | warm
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nɛ-sɛw | 42 | ||
144 | to burn
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bɪ n-ɛp hiy | set fire to | 42 | |
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋmʷal | 43 | ||
151 | green | na-ŋmʷaŋmʷal | 43 | ||
9 | to swim | ɣɛy | (*kaʀu) | 5 | |
56 | child | inti-k | my child | 5 | |
206 | Ten
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sɔŋwul | (*saŋapulu) | 5 | |
3 | right | na-mtʊ | (*matuqa) | 5, 37 | |
56 | child | nɪtŋmʷɛy | a child (*natu) | 5, 8 | |
204 | Eight
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lɛßɛtɪl | (**laßea-) | 5, 7 | |
160 | painful, sick | nɔ-ɣɔm | sick (**ɣob) | 50 | |
58 | wife | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 51 | |
15 | bone | ni-hiy | (*suʀi) | 52 | |
149 | red | na-lawlaw | (**lawa 'br) | 52 | |
112 | rotten
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sakpʷ | 53? | ||
41 | to bite | ŋit | 58 | ||
84 | to plant | ßah | **vaso | 6 | |
168 | day | na-myɛn | daylight (**ma-raqan) | 6 | |
127 | woods/forest | nɪ-ŋmʷɪt | (*motus) | 60 | |
190 | other | tɛɣha | (**-sae) | 60 | |
123 | to flow | lɔŋ | 61 | ||
57 | husband | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 65 | |
19 | shoulder | na-kpʷtɪɣ bɪnɪ-k | start of my arm/hand (*bwatu (?)) | 65, 36? | |
63 | name | na-hɛ-k | (**sasa- <?) | 66 | |
52 | to stand | tiɣ | ((NOT *tuqu) | 68 | |
30 | mouth | na-ŋyɛ-k | my external mouth/lips | 7 | |
32 | tongue | na-ɣaymɛ-k | my tongue (*kaʀamaya) | 7, 14 | |
51 | to sit | haɣ | (**sake) | 72 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | yɪt | 77 | ||
35 | to vomit | lʊlʊ + | *luaq | 8 | |
111 | fish | nʊ-mʊmʊ | 81 | ||
152 | small | nu-su | 81, 83? | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | nɔ-lɔlmɛyɛn | be knowledgeable | 86 | |
10 | dirty | nɛ-lɛm | (**leba) | 9 | |
24 | head | ni-kpʷti-k | my head (*bwatu) | 9 | |
84 | to plant | yuw | for yams | 9 | |
150 | yellow | nɔ-ŋɔyŋɔy | 9 | ||
163 | new | nɛ-ɣyakpʷ | (*karabwa) | 9 | |
197 | One
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ßi-twaɣ | (**tuwale) | 9 | |
207 | Twenty
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sɔŋwul yʊ | 9 | ||
33 | to laugh | yɪyɪ | (<**riwa) | 90 | |
185 | we
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kɛmɛm | E42 | ||
208 | Fifty
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sɔŋwul tɪßɪlɪm | x |