Language: Mwotlap
Source/Author: | Alex Francois (fieldnotes 1997-2006) | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:mlv Glottocode: motl1237 | |
Notes: | ||
Problems: | I chose a strictly IPA transcription, except that prenasalised consonants are not spelled out, and yod is /y/ rather than /j/. The cognacy column: I temporarily added the etyma themselves (either POc or PNCVanuatu, or even my own north Vanuatu reconstructions, with 2 stars) for the cognacy expert to make informed judgments -- knowing that Mwotlap can be extreme in its evolution -- e.g. /ɣɛy/ 'swim' < *kaRu. (I'm afraid my comments in that column were sometimes chopped out by the programme) | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Dr Alexandre François Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:North and Central Vanuatu:Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands:East Vanuatu | |
Map |
Resources:
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Mwotlap
- Ethnologue Information for mlv
- OLAC Information for mlv
- World Atlas of Language Structures Information for mwo
- Homepage of Alex Francois
- Paper discussing the main principles of phonological correspondences and reconstruction, for the 17 languages of north Vanuatu, Oceanic Linguistic, December 2005. Contains a (20-page) list of reconstructions for that region, with supporting data.
- [Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing all of 9 entries
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:50:43)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:45:44)
- Changed from "ni-pni-k" (Word 12) - Simon Greenhill (2016-11-07 22:05:24)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2015-06-04 09:56:11)
- Updating Classification to Match Ethnologue 16. From: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Vanuatu, (A), Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu, (A) To: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu. - Simon Greenhill (2009-07-23 03:32:05)
- Changed from "na-lawlaw" (Word 149) - John Lynch (2007-01-28 22:42:27)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2006-05-20 12:21:32)
- Adding Resource - Simon Greenhill (2006-05-20 12:21:04)
- Adding Resource - Simon Greenhill (2006-05-20 12:19:34)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
68 | needle | ||||
69 | to hunt | ||||
96 | dog | ||||
1 | hand | na-mnɪ-k | my hand(s) (*banic) | 14 | |
2 | left | na-ɣla | (*ɣalawa) | 14 | |
3 | right | na-mtʊ | (*matuqa) | 5, 37 | |
4 | leg/foot | na-yŋɪ-k | (**raŋo) | 17 | |
5 | to walk | ßanßan | (*pano) | 2 | |
6 | road/path | na-mtɛhal | (*jalan) | 1 | |
7 | to come | ßan mɛ | (*pano + *m) | 23, 1 | |
8 | to turn | ßɪy | reverse direction (**ßir) | 24 | |
8 | to turn | hɪsɪm | change paths at crossroads; | 126 | |
9 | to swim | ɣɛy | (*kaʀu) | 5 | |
10 | dirty | nɛ-lɛm | (**leba) | 9 | |
11 | dust | nʊ-wʊwʊ | 1, 50 | ||
12 | skin | ni-pni-k | my skin (**ßiniti) | 28 | |
13 | back | nɪ-klɛ-k | my back (*gula-) | 10 | |
14 | belly | na-tkpʷɛ-k | my belly (*tobwa) | 36 | |
15 | bone | ni-hiy | (*suʀi) | 52 | |
16 | intestines | nɪ-tna | (*tinaqe) | 1 | |
17 | liver | na-ßay | (**ßara) | 17 | |
18 | breast | ni-sis | (*susu) | 1 | |
19 | shoulder | na-kpʷtɪɣ bɪnɪ-k | start of my arm/hand (*bwatu (?)) | 65, 36? | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ɪɣlal | know (*kilal) | 18 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | nɔ-lɔlmɛyɛn | be knowledgeable | 86 | |
21 | to think | dɪm | (*domi) | 13 | |
22 | to fear | mɪtɪɣtɛɣ | (*matakut) | 1 | |
23 | blood | na-day | (*draʀaq) | 1 | |
24 | head | ni-kpʷti-k | my head (*bwatu) | 9 | |
25 | neck | nɪ-nlɪ-k | my neck (**daleqo) | 42 | |
26 | hair | n-ili-k | my hair (*pulu) | 31 | |
27 | nose | ni-mdi-k | my nose (**madu-) | 14 | |
28 | to breathe | ŋmʷʊkhɛɣ | (**mabus-ak) | 14 | |
29 | to sniff, smell | hɪmɛn | (?? + **mad) | 15 | |
30 | mouth | na-ŋyɛ-k | my external mouth/lips | 7 | |
30 | mouth | na-plɛ-k | my internal mouth (**βal) | 42 | |
31 | tooth | nɪ-lwɪ-k | my teeth (*lipon) | 1, 35 | |
32 | tongue | na-ɣaymɛ-k | my tongue (*kaʀamaya) | 7, 14 | |
33 | to laugh | yɪyɪ | (<**riwa) | 90 | |
34 | to cry | tɛŋ | (*taŋis) | 1 | |
35 | to vomit | lʊlʊ + | *luaq | 8 | |
35 | to vomit | kpʷɔap | |||
36 | to spit | ninih | (*(q)anusi) | 14, 84 | |
37 | to eat | ɣɛn | (*kani) | 1 | |
38 | to chew | ŋɛ | general term | 12 | |
38 | to chew | kamkam | chew betel | ||
39 | to cook | kpʷaŋyis | cook in earth oven (**bwaraŋi) | 42 | |
40 | to drink | in | (*inum) | 1 | |
41 | to bite | ŋit | 58 | ||
42 | to suck | saŋmʷ | suck/chew sugarcane ((*jamu)) | 21 | |
43 | ear | nɪ-dɪlŋɛ-k | my ear(s) (*taliŋa) | 1, 40 | |
44 | to hear | yɔŋtɛɣ | hear, feel (*roŋoʀ) | 1, 55 | |
45 | eye | na-mtɛ-k | my eyes (*mata) | 1 | |
46 | to see | ɛt | (?) | 1, 89 | |
47 | to yawn | ɣayŋmʷa | (**kaʀat +) | 19 | |
48 | to sleep | mitiy | (*maturuR) | 1 | |
49 | to lie down | ɛn | (*qenop) | 1 | |
50 | to dream | kpʷɔykpʷɔy | (*boʀe) | 10 | |
51 | to sit | haɣ | (**sake) | 72 | |
52 | to stand | tiɣ | ((NOT *tuqu) | 68 | |
53 | person/human being | n-ɛt | (*qata (?)) | 4 | |
54 | man/male | na-tŋmʷan | (*qata + *mʷaqane) | 1, 14 | |
55 | woman/female | na-lkpʷʊßɪn | (?? + *pine) | 1, 72 | |
56 | child | nɪtŋmʷɛy | a child (*natu) | 5, 8 | |
56 | child | inti-k | my child | 5 | |
57 | husband | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 65 | |
58 | wife | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 51 | |
59 | mother | ißɪ-k | my mother (**ßeße) | 20 | |
60 | father | itmɛ-k | my father (*tama) | 1 | |
61 | house | n-ɪŋmʷ | (*ʀumaq) | 1 | |
62 | thatch/roof | nɔ-yɔt | sago palm, thatch (*raun + *q) | 1, 61 | |
63 | name | na-hɛ-k | (**sasa- <?) | 66 | |
64 | to say | ßap | (**ßaßa <) | 13 | |
65 | rope | na-ɣayɣa | liana, rope, string (? **kaʀo) | 25, 56 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | lɪɣ | *likot | 1, 39 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | yɪt | 77 | ||
67 | to sew | susuy | (*susuʀi) | 15, 59 | |
70 | to shoot | kay | (**gara) | 33 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | ɛs | stab with knife | 34 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | hiɣ | prick (*sukit) | 1, 8 | |
72 | to hit | laŋmʷ | (**lamʷas) | ||
73 | to steal | bɛl | (**balu) | 23 | |
74 | to kill | wuh mat | hit dead (**ßusi +) | 26, 2 | |
75 | to die, be dead | mat | (*mate) | 1 | |
76 | to live, be alive | n-ɪh | (**esu) | 24 | |
77 | to scratch | ɣayɣay | (**karo) | 1 | |
78 | to cut, hack | tɔt | (*totok) | 3 | |
79 | stick/wood | nɪ-kpʷɪtɪnɣɛ | (*bwatu 'he) | 1 | |
80 | to split | Vb1 + wɔy | (only as Vb2 in serialisation) (**ßora) | 1 | |
81 | sharp | nɛ-hɛy | (**sar[i,u]) | 19 | |
82 | dull, blunt | nɛ-ŋmʷɛs | 34 | ||
83 | to work | muwumwu | (**makui) | 29 | |
84 | to plant | ßah | **vaso | 6 | |
84 | to plant | yuw | for yams | 9 | |
85 | to choose | ɛt yak | lit. look + take away | 30 | |
86 | to grow | mɔtɔw | 1 | ||
87 | to swell | yɪɣ | (**riɣa) | 23 | |
88 | to squeeze | ßiɣiy (lʊ) | squeeze (out) (***ßaɣir) | 16 | |
89 | to hold | tɪy | (**tauri) | 35 | |
90 | to dig | ɣil | (*keli) | 1 | |
91 | to buy | wɪl | (*poli) | 1 | |
92 | to open, uncover | wak | 1? | ||
92 | to open, uncover | ʊw | open earth oven | ||
93 | to pound, beat | kpʷʊs | 17? | ||
94 | to throw | yim | to stone, throw a stone | ||
94 | to throw | suwyɛɣ | to throw in gen. | ||
95 | to fall | kpʷɪsdi | |||
95 | to fall | sisɣɔy | 20 | ||
97 | bird | nɛ-mɛn | (*manuk) | 1 | |
98 | egg | nɪ-tlɪ-n | its egg(s) (*qatoluR) | 1 | |
99 | feather | n-ili mɛn | hair of bird (*pulu + *m) | 1 | |
100 | wing | na-mnɪ mɛn | wing/arm of bird (see hand) (*banic + *) | 2 | |
101 | to fly | ɣap | fly flapping wings (*kapak) | 14 | |
102 | rat | na-ɣhʊw | (*kasupe) | 3 | |
103 | meat/flesh | nɪ-phɔɰ | (*pisiko) | 10 | |
104 | fat/grease | na-ɣyak | 39 | ||
105 | tail | na-ɣlɔ-n | its tail (**ɣolo) | 24 | |
106 | snake | na-ŋmʷat | (*mʷata) | 12 | |
107 | worm (earthworm) | ni-slat | 1, 8 | ||
108 | louse | ni-ɣit | 1 | ||
109 | mosquito | nɛ-nɛm | (*ñamuk) | 1 | |
110 | spider | na-myaw | (**marawa) | 32 | |
111 | fish | nʊ-mʊmʊ | 81 | ||
112 | rotten | sakpʷ | 53? | ||
113 | branch | nɪ-wtɪ-n | its branch | ||
114 | leaf | na-yɔ-n | its leaf (*raun) | 1 | |
115 | root | nʊ-ɣʊyɣʊyɪ-n | its roots (**koaʀi) | 2, 41 | |
116 | flower | na-twɪh | (**tawaɣas) | 34 | |
117 | fruit | n-ɪwa-n | its fruit (*puaq) | 1, 26 | |
118 | grass | na-plih | (*paliji) | 1 | |
119 | earth/soil | nɪ-ßɪtan | (?*patu 'st) | 1? | |
120 | stone | nɛ-ßɛt | (*patu) | 1 | |
121 | sand | nɪ-ßɪthiylɛ | (*patu 'sto) | ||
122 | water | nɪ-bɪ | (**bei) | 28 | |
123 | to flow | lɔŋ | 61 | ||
124 | sea | na-lam | deep sea, ocean (*napon 'su) | 14 | |
124 | sea | na-naw | sea, lagoon | 42 | |
125 | salt | na-naw | (*napon 'su) | 30 | |
126 | lake | nɪ-bɪ liwo | big water | 21 | |
127 | woods/forest | nɪ-ŋmʷɪt | (*motus) | 60 | |
128 | sky | alɣɛ | above (**lakau 's) | 35? | |
129 | moon | nʊ-wʊl | (*pulan) | 1 | |
130 | star | ni-ßit | (*pituqun) | 1 | |
131 | cloud | nɪ-kpʷɪykpʷɛy | 38 | ||
132 | fog | na-myɪp | 3, 32 | ||
133 | rain | na-sŋmʷal | |||
134 | thunder | nɛ-lɛŋ-ßayßay | stamping wind | 15, 84 | |
135 | lightning | nɪ-ßɪl | (*p(w)ilak) | 26 | |
136 | wind | nɛ-lɛŋ | (*laŋit 's) | 1, 77 | |
137 | to blow | yip | a (**rißi) | 40 | |
137 | to blow | yip | b. | 40 | |
137 | to blow | wɛyɛh | |||
138 | warm | nɛ-sɛw | 42 | ||
139 | cold | nɔ-mɔmyiy | (*madridri�) | 1 | |
140 | dry | mah | dry river (*mama) | 11 | |
140 | dry | mɛyɛŋ | dry wood | 1, 85 | |
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋmʷal | 43 | ||
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋɛy | |||
142 | heavy | nɪ-dɪw | 14 | ||
143 | fire | n-ɛp | (*api) | 1 | |
144 | to burn | bɪ n-ɛp hiy | set fire to | 42 | |
145 | smoke | na-hʊ | (**asu-a ?) | 2 | |
146 | ash | nʊ-wʊwʊ | (*qapu-a (?) | 1? | |
147 | black | nɛ-mlɪmlɪɣ | (**maliɣo) | 41 | |
148 | white | na-kpʷaɣkpʷaɣ | 13 | ||
149 | red | na-lawlaw | (**lawa 'br) | 52 | |
150 | yellow | nɔ-ŋɔyŋɔy | 9 | ||
151 | green | na-ŋmʷaŋmʷal | 43 | ||
152 | small | nu-su | 81, 83? | ||
153 | big | ni-lwo | (**liwoa) | 111 | |
154 | short | na-maltɪ | |||
155 | long | nɛ-hyɔ | |||
156 | thin | nɛ-mßinßin | 1 | ||
157 | thick | nɛ-mtɪmtɪl | (*matolutol) | 3 | |
158 | narrow | nɔ-kɔkɔk | |||
159 | wide | nɛ-twɔl | 34 | ||
160 | painful, sick | nɔ-ɣɔm | sick (**ɣob) | 50 | |
160 | painful, sick | nɛ-mɛmɛh | painful | 1 | |
161 | shy, ashamed | mamayɣɛ | (**maraɣai) | 34 | |
162 | old | tamayɣɛ | (*qata-mara) | 132 | |
163 | new | nɛ-ɣyakpʷ | (*karabwa) | 9 | |
164 | good | nɪ-wɪ | (**wia) 1 or 43? | 1 | |
165 | bad, evil | nɛ-hɛt | (*saqat) | 1 | |
166 | correct, true | hɪywɪ | |||
167 | night | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | (*boŋi) | 1 | |
168 | day | na-myɛn | daylight (**ma-raqan) | 6 | |
168 | day | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | 16 | ||
169 | year | n-ɪtɛ | (*taun) | 1 | |
170 | when? | ŋɪh | in future (*ŋaican) | 1 | |
170 | when? | aŋɪh | in past | 1 | |
171 | to hide | takpʷ bat | (**tabwaß) | 32? | |
172 | to climb | yɛm | (**rabit) | 37 | |
173 | at | lɛ- | (*lo) | 38 | |
174 | in, inside | lɛlɔ | (*lo lolo) | 1 | |
175 | above | apwɔ | (*a-papo) | 2 | |
176 | below | lʊ-kpʷʊltɛ | |||
177 | this | ɣʊh | |||
178 | that | nɛn | 1? | ||
179 | near | iskpʷɛt | |||
180 | far | yɛh | (**rasu) | 32 | |
181 | where? | aßɛ | (*pea) | 3, 35 | |
182 | I | nɔ | (*n-au) | 1, 21, 22 | |
183 | thou | nɪk | (*nigo) | 1, 17, 18 | |
184 | he/she | kɪ | (*-a) | 1, 29 | |
185 | we | ɣɪn | (**kinta +) | 1 | |
185 | we | kɛmɛm | E42 | ||
186 | you | kimi | (cf. kamiu) | 1, 13 | |
187 | they | kɪy | (*-ra) | 1, 70 | |
188 | what? | na-hap | (*sapa) | 1 | |
189 | who? | yɪ | (*sei) | 1 | |
190 | other | tɛɣha | (**-sae) | 60 | |
191 | all | dɛl | 15 | ||
192 | and | tʊ | 30 | ||
193 | if | sɔwɔ | 32? | ||
194 | how? | kpʷɛlɛ aßɛ | lit. like where | ||
195 | no, not | tatɛh | 10 | ||
196 | to count | ßatah | |||
197 | One | ßi-twaɣ | (**tuwale) | 9 | |
198 | Two | ßʊ-yʊ | (*rua) | 1 | |
199 | Three | ßɪ-tɪl | (*tolu) | 1 | |
200 | Four | ßɪ-ßɛt | (*pati) | 1, 65 | |
201 | Five | tɪßɪlɪm | (*?? + *lim) | 1 | |
202 | Six | lɛßɛtɛ | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
203 | Seven | lißiyʊ | (**laßea-) | 13 | |
204 | Eight | lɛßɛtɪl | (**laßea-) | 5, 7 | |
205 | Nine | lɛßɛßɛt | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
206 | Ten | sɔŋwul | (*saŋapulu) | 5 | |
207 | Twenty | sɔŋwul yʊ | 9 | ||
208 | Fifty | sɔŋwul tɪßɪlɪm | x | ||
209 | One Hundred | ŋmʷɛldɪl ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | hundred time-one (**mwele-do) | 35 | |
210 | One Thousand | tɛy ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | thousan (**tari + *)d time-one | 13 |