Language: Mwotlap
Source/Author: | Alex Francois (fieldnotes 1997-2006) | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:mlv Glottocode: motl1237 | |
Notes: | ||
Problems: | I chose a strictly IPA transcription, except that prenasalised consonants are not spelled out, and yod is /y/ rather than /j/. The cognacy column: I temporarily added the etyma themselves (either POc or PNCVanuatu, or even my own north Vanuatu reconstructions, with 2 stars) for the cognacy expert to make informed judgments -- knowing that Mwotlap can be extreme in its evolution -- e.g. /ɣɛy/ 'swim' < *kaRu. (I'm afraid my comments in that column were sometimes chopped out by the programme) | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Dr Alexandre François Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:Oceanic:Central-Eastern Oceanic:Remote Oceanic:North and Central Vanuatu:Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands:East Vanuatu | |
Map |
Resources:
ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Mwotlap
Ethnologue Information for mlv
OLAC Information for mlv
World Atlas of Language Structures Information for mwo
Homepage of Alex Francois
Paper discussing the main principles of phonological correspondences and reconstruction, for the 17 languages of north Vanuatu, Oceanic Linguistic, December 2005. Contains a (20-page) list of reconstructions for that region, with supporting data.
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[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 9 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:50:43)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:45:44)
- Changed from "ni-pni-k" (Word 12) - Simon Greenhill (2016-11-07 22:05:24)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
175 | above | apwɔ | (*a-papo) | 2 | |
191 | all | dɛl | 15 | ||
192 | and | tʊ | 30 | ||
146 | ash | nʊ-wʊwʊ | (*qapu-a (?) | 1? | |
173 | at | lɛ- | (*lo) | 38 | |
13 | back
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nɪ-klɛ-k | my back (*gula-) | 10 | |
165 | bad, evil | nɛ-hɛt | (*saqat) | 1 | |
14 | belly | na-tkpʷɛ-k | my belly (*tobwa) | 36 | |
176 | below | lʊ-kpʷʊltɛ | |||
153 | big | ni-lwo | (**liwoa) | 111 | |
97 | bird | nɛ-mɛn | (*manuk) | 1 | |
147 | black | nɛ-mlɪmlɪɣ | (**maliɣo) | 41 | |
23 | blood | na-day | (*draʀaq) | 1 | |
15 | bone | ni-hiy | (*suʀi) | 52 | |
113 | branch
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nɪ-wtɪ-n | its branch | ||
18 | breast | ni-sis | (*susu) | 1 | |
56 | child | nɪtŋmʷɛy | a child (*natu) | 5, 8 | |
56 | child | inti-k | my child | 5 | |
131 | cloud
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nɪ-kpʷɪykpʷɛy | 38 | ||
139 | cold
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nɔ-mɔmyiy | (*madridri�) | 1 | |
166 | correct, true | hɪywɪ | |||
168 | day | na-myɛn | daylight (**ma-raqan) | 6 | |
168 | day | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | 16 | ||
10 | dirty | nɛ-lɛm | (**leba) | 9 | |
96 | dog | ![]() |
|||
140 | dry
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mah | dry river (*mama) | 11 | |
140 | dry
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mɛyɛŋ | dry wood | 1, 85 | |
82 | dull, blunt | nɛ-ŋmʷɛs | 34 | ||
11 | dust | nʊ-wʊwʊ | 1, 50 | ||
43 | ear | nɪ-dɪlŋɛ-k | my ear(s) (*taliŋa) | 1, 40 | |
119 | earth/soil | nɪ-ßɪtan | (?*patu 'st) | 1? | |
98 | egg | nɪ-tlɪ-n | its egg(s) (*qatoluR) | 1 | |
204 | Eight
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lɛßɛtɪl | (**laßea-) | 5, 7 | |
45 | eye | na-mtɛ-k | my eyes (*mata) | 1 | |
180 | far | yɛh | (**rasu) | 32 | |
104 | fat/grease | na-ɣyak | 39 | ||
60 | father | itmɛ-k | my father (*tama) | 1 | |
99 | feather | n-ili mɛn | hair of bird (*pulu + *m) | 1 | |
208 | Fifty
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sɔŋwul tɪßɪlɪm | x | ||
143 | fire | n-ɛp | (*api) | 1 | |
111 | fish | nʊ-mʊmʊ | 81 | ||
201 | Five
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tɪßɪlɪm | (*?? + *lim) | 1 | |
116 | flower | na-twɪh | (**tawaɣas) | 34 | |
132 | fog | na-myɪp | 3, 32 | ||
200 | Four
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ßɪ-ßɛt | (*pati) | 1, 65 | |
117 | fruit | n-ɪwa-n | its fruit (*puaq) | 1, 26 | |
164 | good | nɪ-wɪ | (**wia) 1 or 43? | 1 | |
118 | grass | na-plih | (*paliji) | 1 | |
151 | green | na-ŋmʷaŋmʷal | 43 | ||
26 | hair
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n-ili-k | my hair (*pulu) | 31 | |
1 | hand | na-mnɪ-k | my hand(s) (*banic) | 14 | |
184 | he/she | kɪ | (*-a) | 1, 29 | |
24 | head | ni-kpʷti-k | my head (*bwatu) | 9 | |
142 | heavy | nɪ-dɪw | 14 | ||
61 | house | n-ɪŋmʷ | (*ʀumaq) | 1 | |
194 | how?
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kpʷɛlɛ aßɛ | lit. like where | ||
57 | husband | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 65 | |
182 | I | nɔ | (*n-au) | 1, 21, 22 | |
193 | if | sɔwɔ | 32? | ||
174 | in, inside | lɛlɔ | (*lo lolo) | 1 | |
16 | intestines | nɪ-tna | (*tinaqe) | 1 | |
126 | lake | nɪ-bɪ liwo | big water | 21 | |
114 | leaf | na-yɔ-n | its leaf (*raun) | 1 | |
2 | left | na-ɣla | (*ɣalawa) | 14 | |
4 | leg/foot | na-yŋɪ-k | (**raŋo) | 17 | |
135 | lightning | nɪ-ßɪl | (*p(w)ilak) | 26 | |
17 | liver | na-ßay | (**ßara) | 17 | |
155 | long
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nɛ-hyɔ | |||
108 | louse
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ni-ɣit | 1 | ||
54 | man/male | na-tŋmʷan | (*qata + *mʷaqane) | 1, 14 | |
103 | meat/flesh | nɪ-phɔɰ | (*pisiko) | 10 | |
129 | moon | nʊ-wʊl | (*pulan) | 1 | |
109 | mosquito | nɛ-nɛm | (*ñamuk) | 1 | |
59 | mother | ißɪ-k | my mother (**ßeße) | 20 | |
30 | mouth | na-ŋyɛ-k | my external mouth/lips | 7 | |
30 | mouth | na-plɛ-k | my internal mouth (**βal) | 42 | |
63 | name | na-hɛ-k | (**sasa- <?) | 66 | |
158 | narrow | nɔ-kɔkɔk | |||
179 | near | iskpʷɛt | |||
25 | neck | nɪ-nlɪ-k | my neck (**daleqo) | 42 | |
68 | needle | ![]() |
|||
163 | new | nɛ-ɣyakpʷ | (*karabwa) | 9 | |
167 | night | nʊ-kpʷʊŋ | (*boŋi) | 1 | |
205 | Nine
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lɛßɛßɛt | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
195 | no, not | tatɛh | 10 | ||
27 | nose | ni-mdi-k | my nose (**madu-) | 14 | |
162 | old
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tamayɣɛ | (*qata-mara) | 132 | |
197 | One
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ßi-twaɣ | (**tuwale) | 9 | |
209 | One Hundred
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ŋmʷɛldɪl ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | hundred time-one (**mwele-do) | 35 | |
210 | One Thousand
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tɛy ßaɣ-tiwaɣ | thousan (**tari + *)d time-one | 13 | |
190 | other | tɛɣha | (**-sae) | 60 | |
160 | painful, sick | nɔ-ɣɔm | sick (**ɣob) | 50 | |
160 | painful, sick | nɛ-mɛmɛh | painful | 1 | |
53 | person/human being | n-ɛt | (*qata (?)) | 4 | |
133 | rain | na-sŋmʷal | |||
102 | rat | na-ɣhʊw | (*kasupe) | 3 | |
149 | red | na-lawlaw | (**lawa 'br) | 52 | |
3 | right | na-mtʊ | (*matuqa) | 5, 37 | |
6 | road/path | na-mtɛhal | (*jalan) | 1 | |
115 | root | nʊ-ɣʊyɣʊyɪ-n | its roots (**koaʀi) | 2, 41 | |
65 | rope | na-ɣayɣa | liana, rope, string (? **kaʀo) | 25, 56 | |
112 | rotten
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sakpʷ | 53? | ||
125 | salt | na-naw | (*napon 'su) | 30 | |
121 | sand | nɪ-ßɪthiylɛ | (*patu 'sto) | ||
124 | sea | na-lam | deep sea, ocean (*napon 'su) | 14 | |
124 | sea | na-naw | sea, lagoon | 42 | |
203 | Seven
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lißiyʊ | (**laßea-) | 13 | |
81 | sharp | nɛ-hɛy | (**sar[i,u]) | 19 | |
154 | short
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na-maltɪ | |||
19 | shoulder | na-kpʷtɪɣ bɪnɪ-k | start of my arm/hand (*bwatu (?)) | 65, 36? | |
161 | shy, ashamed | mamayɣɛ | (**maraɣai) | 34 | |
202 | Six
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lɛßɛtɛ | (**laßea-) | 20 | |
12 | skin | ni-pni-k | my skin (**ßiniti) | 28 | |
128 | sky | alɣɛ | above (**lakau 's) | 35? | |
152 | small | nu-su | 81, 83? | ||
145 | smoke
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na-hʊ | (**asu-a ?) | 2 | |
106 | snake | na-ŋmʷat | (*mʷata) | 12 | |
110 | spider | na-myaw | (**marawa) | 32 | |
130 | star | ni-ßit | (*pituqun) | 1 | |
79 | stick/wood | nɪ-kpʷɪtɪnɣɛ | (*bwatu 'he) | 1 | |
120 | stone | nɛ-ßɛt | (*patu) | 1 | |
105 | tail | na-ɣlɔ-n | its tail (**ɣolo) | 24 | |
206 | Ten
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sɔŋwul | (*saŋapulu) | 5 | |
178 | that | nɛn | 1? | ||
62 | thatch/roof | nɔ-yɔt | sago palm, thatch (*raun + *q) | 1, 61 | |
187 | they | kɪy | (*-ra) | 1, 70 | |
157 | thick
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nɛ-mtɪmtɪl | (*matolutol) | 3 | |
156 | thin
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nɛ-mßinßin | 1 | ||
177 | this | ɣʊh | |||
183 | thou | nɪk | (*nigo) | 1, 17, 18 | |
199 | Three
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ßɪ-tɪl | (*tolu) | 1 | |
134 | thunder | nɛ-lɛŋ-ßayßay | stamping wind | 15, 84 | |
41 | to bite | ŋit | 58 | ||
137 | to blow
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yip | a (**rißi) | 40 | |
137 | to blow
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yip | b. | 40 | |
137 | to blow
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wɛyɛh | |||
28 | to breathe | ŋmʷʊkhɛɣ | (**mabus-ak) | 14 | |
144 | to burn
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bɪ n-ɛp hiy | set fire to | 42 | |
91 | to buy | wɪl | (*poli) | 1 | |
38 | to chew
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ŋɛ | general term | 12 | |
38 | to chew
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kamkam | chew betel | ||
85 | to choose | ɛt yak | lit. look + take away | 30 | |
172 | to climb
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yɛm | (**rabit) | 37 | |
7 | to come | ßan mɛ | (*pano + *m) | 23, 1 | |
39 | to cook
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kpʷaŋyis | cook in earth oven (**bwaraŋi) | 42 | |
196 | to count | ßatah | |||
34 | to cry | tɛŋ | (*taŋis) | 1 | |
78 | to cut, hack
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tɔt | (*totok) | 3 | |
75 | to die, be dead | mat | (*mate) | 1 | |
90 | to dig | ɣil | (*keli) | 1 | |
50 | to dream | kpʷɔykpʷɔy | (*boʀe) | 10 | |
40 | to drink | in | (*inum) | 1 | |
37 | to eat | ɣɛn | (*kani) | 1 | |
95 | to fall
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kpʷɪsdi | |||
95 | to fall
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sisɣɔy | 20 | ||
22 | to fear | mɪtɪɣtɛɣ | (*matakut) | 1 | |
123 | to flow | lɔŋ | 61 | ||
101 | to fly | ɣap | fly flapping wings (*kapak) | 14 | |
86 | to grow
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mɔtɔw | 1 | ||
44 | to hear | yɔŋtɛɣ | hear, feel (*roŋoʀ) | 1, 55 | |
171 | to hide
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takpʷ bat | (**tabwaß) | 32? | |
72 | to hit
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laŋmʷ | (**lamʷas) | ||
89 | to hold
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tɪy | (**tauri) | 35 | |
69 | to hunt
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|||
74 | to kill | wuh mat | hit dead (**ßusi +) | 26, 2 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ɪɣlal | know (*kilal) | 18 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | nɔ-lɔlmɛyɛn | be knowledgeable | 86 | |
33 | to laugh | yɪyɪ | (<**riwa) | 90 | |
49 | to lie down
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ɛn | (*qenop) | 1 | |
76 | to live, be alive | n-ɪh | (**esu) | 24 | |
92 | to open, uncover | wak | 1? | ||
92 | to open, uncover | ʊw | open earth oven | ||
84 | to plant | ßah | **vaso | 6 | |
84 | to plant | yuw | for yams | 9 | |
93 | to pound, beat
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kpʷʊs | 17? | ||
64 | to say | ßap | (**ßaßa <) | 13 | |
77 | to scratch
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ɣayɣay | (**karo) | 1 | |
46 | to see | ɛt | (?) | 1, 89 | |
67 | to sew
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susuy | (*susuʀi) | 15, 59 | |
70 | to shoot
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kay | (**gara) | 33 | |
51 | to sit | haɣ | (**sake) | 72 | |
48 | to sleep | mitiy | (*maturuR) | 1 | |
29 | to sniff, smell | hɪmɛn | (?? + **mad) | 15 | |
36 | to spit | ninih | (*(q)anusi) | 14, 84 | |
80 | to split
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Vb1 + wɔy | (only as Vb2 in serialisation) (**ßora) | 1 | |
88 | to squeeze
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ßiɣiy (lʊ) | squeeze (out) (***ßaɣir) | 16 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | ɛs | stab with knife | 34 | |
71 | to stab, pierce | hiɣ | prick (*sukit) | 1, 8 | |
52 | to stand | tiɣ | ((NOT *tuqu) | 68 | |
73 | to steal | bɛl | (**balu) | 23 | |
42 | to suck | saŋmʷ | suck/chew sugarcane ((*jamu)) | 21 | |
87 | to swell
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yɪɣ | (**riɣa) | 23 | |
9 | to swim | ɣɛy | (*kaʀu) | 5 | |
21 | to think | dɪm | (*domi) | 13 | |
94 | to throw
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yim | to stone, throw a stone | ||
94 | to throw
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suwyɛɣ | to throw in gen. | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | lɪɣ | *likot | 1, 39 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | yɪt | 77 | ||
8 | to turn
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ßɪy | reverse direction (**ßir) | 24 | |
8 | to turn
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hɪsɪm | change paths at crossroads; | 126 | |
35 | to vomit | lʊlʊ + | *luaq | 8 | |
35 | to vomit | kpʷɔap | |||
5 | to walk | ßanßan | (*pano) | 2 | |
83 | to work
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muwumwu | (**makui) | 29 | |
47 | to yawn | ɣayŋmʷa | (**kaʀat +) | 19 | |
32 | tongue | na-ɣaymɛ-k | my tongue (*kaʀamaya) | 7, 14 | |
31 | tooth | nɪ-lwɪ-k | my teeth (*lipon) | 1, 35 | |
207 | Twenty
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sɔŋwul yʊ | 9 | ||
198 | Two
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ßʊ-yʊ | (*rua) | 1 | |
138 | warm
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nɛ-sɛw | 42 | ||
122 | water
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nɪ-bɪ | (**bei) | 28 | |
185 | we
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ɣɪn | (**kinta +) | 1 | |
185 | we
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kɛmɛm | E42 | ||
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋmʷal | 43 | ||
141 | wet | nɛ-sŋɛy | |||
188 | what?
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na-hap | (*sapa) | 1 | |
170 | when?
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ŋɪh | in future (*ŋaican) | 1 | |
170 | when?
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aŋɪh | in past | 1 | |
181 | where?
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aßɛ | (*pea) | 3, 35 | |
148 | white | na-kpʷaɣkpʷaɣ | 13 | ||
189 | who?
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yɪ | (*sei) | 1 | |
159 | wide | nɛ-twɔl | 34 | ||
58 | wife | iɣni-k | my spouse (**ɣunu-) | 51 | |
136 | wind | nɛ-lɛŋ | (*laŋit 's) | 1, 77 | |
100 | wing | na-mnɪ mɛn | wing/arm of bird (see hand) (*banic + *) | 2 | |
55 | woman/female | na-lkpʷʊßɪn | (?? + *pine) | 1, 72 | |
127 | woods/forest | nɪ-ŋmʷɪt | (*motus) | 60 | |
107 | worm (earthworm) | ni-slat | 1, 8 | ||
169 | year | n-ɪtɛ | (*taun) | 1 | |
150 | yellow | nɔ-ŋɔyŋɔy | 9 | ||
186 | you | kimi | (cf. kamiu) | 1, 13 |