Language: Tolai
Resources:
Change History:
Showing 3 of 77 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Changed "source" from "'@misc{Vue-382-2009,
author = "Lawrence Vue, Malcolm Ross",
date = "2009",
howpublished = "personal communication"
}'" - Malcolm Ross (2017-04-07 07:38:44)
- Changed "language" from "Kuanua" - Malcolm Ross (2016-06-24 11:07:27)
- Changed "notes" from "" - Malcolm Ross (2016-06-24 11:07:27)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
21 |
to think |
|
|
|
|
49 |
to lie down
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
person/human being |
|
|
|
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
|
|
|
|
68 |
needle |
|
|
|
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
|
|
|
|
93 |
to pound, beat
|
|
|
|
|
117 |
fruit |
|
|
|
|
137 |
to blow
|
|
|
|
|
157 |
thick
|
|
|
|
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
|
|
|
|
172 |
to climb
|
|
|
|
|
173 |
at |
|
|
|
|
175 |
above |
|
|
|
|
176 |
below |
|
|
|
|
179 |
near |
|
|
|
|
180 |
far |
|
|
|
|
181 |
where?
|
|
|
|
|
183 |
thou |
|
|
|
|
192 |
and |
|
|
|
|
193 |
if |
|
|
|
|
194 |
how?
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
hand |
limana |
|
1, 64 |
|
1 |
hand |
a limana |
|
1, 64 |
|
2 |
left |
lima maira |
|
1, 59 |
|
3 |
right |
liman tuna |
|
5, 70 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
a ka una |
|
1 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
a kauna |
|
1 |
|
5 |
to walk |
i vana |
|
2, 64 |
|
5 |
to walk |
i vana vana |
|
2, 64 |
|
6 |
road/path |
nga |
|
20 |
|
7 |
to come |
i po ot |
|
32 |
|
8 |
to turn
|
i vilalikun |
|
|
|
9 |
to swim |
i alir |
|
44 |
|
10 |
dirty |
dur |
|
68 |
|
11 |
dust |
tobon |
|
62 |
|
12 |
skin |
a palina |
|
30 |
|
13 |
back
|
a muru na |
|
3 |
|
14 |
belly |
a balana |
|
18 |
|
15 |
bone |
a uruna |
|
52 |
|
16 |
intestines |
a vivilau na balana |
|
26, 28 |
|
17 |
liver |
a katina |
|
1 |
|
18 |
breast |
a libongaina |
|
|
|
18 |
breast |
luuna |
|
1 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
a ula va ra na |
|
1 |
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
i nunure |
|
53 |
|
22 |
to fear |
a bul i burut |
a/the child is afraid |
28 |
|
22 |
to fear |
burut |
to be afraid |
28 |
|
23 |
blood |
a gapuna |
|
5 |
|
24 |
head |
a uluna |
|
1 |
|
25 |
neck |
a ingoana |
|
|
|
26 |
hair
|
a kat kat na uluna |
|
|
|
27 |
nose |
a bilauna |
|
1, 95 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
i mama dang |
|
|
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
i angi ne |
|
11 |
|
30 |
mouth |
a ngiene |
|
|
|
31 |
tooth |
a palangiene |
|
24 |
|
31 |
tooth |
a gorop na ngiene |
|
24 |
|
32 |
tongue |
a karameana |
|
7, 14 |
|
33 |
to laugh |
i no ng on |
|
16 |
|
34 |
to cry |
i tangi |
|
1 |
|
35 |
to vomit |
marmaruai |
|
37 |
|
36 |
to spit |
a tekena gagami |
|
|
|
37 |
to eat |
i ian |
|
1 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
i mamai |
b. used exclusively for chewing betelnut and not used with food or anything else. |
1 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
i papara ta ra ubu |
'he/she "mumued" (cooked) with an earth oven' |
52 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
i tu tun ta ra iap |
'he/she cooked it on a/the fire' |
9 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
papara |
a specific type of cooking |
52 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
tutun |
a specific type of cooking |
9 |
|
40 |
to drink |
i mo mo |
|
27 |
|
41 |
to bite |
a pap i kakakarat |
'a/the pup bites'. <pap> = 'dog'; <i> = 3sg subject marker; <kakakarat> = 'biting' (one reduplication could be detransitivising/progressive, the other is perhaps intensity.) |
1 |
|
41 |
to bite |
karat |
|
1 |
|
42 |
to suck |
i-u |
|
25 |
|
43 |
ear |
a talingana |
|
1 |
|
44 |
to hear |
i valongor |
|
1, 36 |
|
45 |
eye |
a matana |
|
1 |
|
46 |
to see |
i bo bo |
|
63 |
|
47 |
to yawn |
mauviap |
|
19 |
|
48 |
to sleep |
i va |
= he sleeps |
|
|
50 |
to dream |
i ri rivon |
could be i ririvon |
35 |
|
51 |
to sit |
i ki ki ka |
|
20 |
|
52 |
to stand |
tur |
|
2, 69 |
|
54 |
man/male |
tutana |
|
44 |
|
55 |
woman/female |
avavina |
|
1, 106 |
|
56 |
child |
bul |
child |
37 |
|
57 |
husband |
kana tutana |
his/her husband |
51 |
|
57 |
husband |
taulai |
spouse: < *tau + *laki |
55, 28 |
|
58 |
wife |
kana vavina |
his/her wife |
5, 68 |
|
58 |
wife |
taulai |
spouse |
39 |
|
59 |
mother |
kana mama |
his/her mother |
5 |
|
60 |
father |
kana tete |
'his/her father' |
15 |
|
60 |
father |
tama- |
bound form, requiring possessor suffix |
1 |
|
61 |
house |
pal |
|
14 |
|
63 |
name |
a iangina |
|
66 |
|
64 |
to say |
i ta ta |
= he speaks |
|
|
65 |
rope |
vinau |
|
39 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
i kukubu |
I don't know this form, but based on the structure <kubu> is probably the lexeme. <i kukubu> probably means 'he/she ties up/fastens' and <kubu ra kukubu> probably means 'tie/fasten the fastenings'. |
51 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
kubu ra kukubu |
|
51 |
|
67 |
to sew
|
i ingit |
|
43 |
|
69 |
to hunt
|
i rovoi |
|
37 |
|
70 |
to shoot
|
i ponok |
|
1 |
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
i goa |
|
50 |
|
72 |
to hit
|
i varu bu |
|
44 |
|
73 |
to steal |
i long |
|
56 |
|
74 |
to kill |
doko |
to kill (transitive) |
39 |
|
75 |
to die, be dead |
i mat |
|
1 |
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
la un |
|
31 |
|
77 |
to scratch
|
i ka ka |
|
5 |
|
77 |
to scratch
|
i kara ik |
|
10 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
i poko |
|
56 |
|
79 |
stick/wood |
a pakana davai |
|
1 |
|
80 |
to split
|
i kulit |
|
|
|
81 |
sharp |
mangi |
|
|
|
83 |
to work
|
papalum |
|
45 |
|
84 |
to plant |
i ing ra kau kau |
<i ing ra kau kau> is a full sentence - not just a lexeme for 'to plant'. I would guess that the lexeme for 'to plant' is <ing>, although I'm not familiar with this word. <i> = 3sg subject marker; <ra> = noun marker/article; <kaukau> = sweet potato |
41 |
|
85 |
to choose |
i pilak |
|
1, 28 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
lubang |
|
19 |
|
87 |
to swell
|
i ung |
|
|
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
i liu |
|
|
|
89 |
to hold
|
i vaturia |
<i vaturia> means 'he/she holds it'. <i> = 3sg subject marker; <va-> = causative prefix; <tur> = 'to stand'; <-ia> = 3sg object enclitic |
51 |
|
90 |
to dig |
i kakal |
|
1 |
|
91 |
to buy |
i kulia |
|
15 |
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
i pa pa ra banbanu |
= he opens (a door) |
|
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
papa |
to open |
34 |
|
94 |
to throw
|
i vue |
|
67 |
|
95 |
to fall
|
i bura |
|
117 |
|
96 |
dog |
pap |
|
37 |
|
97 |
bird |
beo |
|
|
|
98 |
egg |
kiau |
|
31 |
|
99 |
feather |
ivuna |
|
7 |
|
100 |
wing |
be be ei ra beo |
wing of the bird/bird's wing |
|
|
100 |
wing |
bebe |
|
34 |
|
101 |
to fly |
beo i pururung |
means 'the/a bird is flying' |
29 |
|
101 |
to fly |
pururung |
|
29 |
|
102 |
rat |
galang |
|
|
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
viono |
|
10 |
|
104 |
fat/grease |
a monoina |
|
1, 65 |
|
105 |
tail |
tauk |
|
79 |
|
106 |
snake |
a ui |
|
17 |
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
go go ulom |
|
|
|
108 |
louse
|
pal |
|
|
|
108 |
louse
|
a'ut |
|
1 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
mu mu |
|
1 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
a ngatingat |
|
41 |
|
110 |
spider |
kailoko |
|
28 |
|
111 |
fish |
en |
|
1 |
|
112 |
rotten
|
marapup |
|
39 |
|
113 |
branch
|
ingara da vai |
|
50 |
|
114 |
leaf |
mapinadavai |
|
58 |
|
115 |
root |
okoradavai |
|
2 |
|
118 |
grass |
vura |
|
50 |
|
118 |
grass |
kunai |
|
43 |
|
119 |
earth/soil |
a pi |
could be api |
16 |
|
120 |
stone |
a vat |
could be avat |
1 |
|
121 |
sand |
a veu |
could be aveu |
96 |
|
122 |
water
|
tava |
|
31 |
|
123 |
to flow |
i alir |
|
24 |
|
124 |
sea |
a ta |
|
1 |
|
125 |
salt |
a bil |
could be abil |
|
|
126 |
lake |
tavakikil |
'water-round' |
|
|
127 |
woods/forest |
lokor |
|
46 |
|
128 |
sky |
bakut |
|
30 |
|
129 |
moon |
vagam |
|
|
|
130 |
star |
tagul |
|
36 |
|
131 |
cloud
|
gavul |
|
48 |
|
132 |
fog |
oala |
|
56 |
|
133 |
rain |
a bata |
|
8 |
|
134 |
thunder |
vaul |
|
44 |
|
135 |
lightning |
pi pi |
|
46 |
|
136 |
wind |
vuvu |
the wind blew/is blowing |
33 |
|
136 |
wind |
avuvu i vuvu |
means both 'wind' and 'to blow' |
33 |
|
138 |
warm
|
i malapang |
|
32 |
|
139 |
cold
|
i mudian |
|
40 |
|
140 |
dry
|
matetek |
|
101 |
|
140 |
dry
|
ige |
|
|
|
141 |
wet |
pu puk |
|
|
|
142 |
heavy |
i mamat |
|
46, 35 |
|
143 |
fire |
iap |
|
1 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
tun |
to burn |
1 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
a iap i io |
"fire is burning" |
72 |
|
145 |
smoke
|
a mi |
could be ami |
39 |
|
146 |
ash |
kabu |
|
70 |
|
147 |
black |
korong |
|
34 |
|
148 |
white |
pua |
|
29 |
|
149 |
red |
birau |
|
|
|
150 |
yellow |
viau |
|
|
|
151 |
green |
launa |
|
|
|
152 |
small |
nat |
|
41 |
|
152 |
small |
ik |
irregular loss of *r |
66 |
|
152 |
small |
ikilik |
|
66 |
|
153 |
big |
ngala na boroi |
big pig |
115 |
|
153 |
big |
nagla |
|
|
|
154 |
short
|
tutukan |
could be tu tu kan |
66 |
|
155 |
long
|
lo lo vina |
|
98 |
|
156 |
thin
|
pala ur |
|
|
|
158 |
narrow |
nga tur |
|
29 |
|
159 |
wide |
palar |
|
33 |
|
160 |
painful, sick |
i kale ra pidian |
Sheena Van Der Mark: meaning of 'pidian' unknown |
|
|
160 |
painful, sick |
i kale ra manua |
he/she has a cut/sore |
49 |
|
160 |
painful, sick |
kadik |
to be painful |
54 |
|
160 |
painful, sick |
mait |
to be sick |
|
|
162 |
old
|
maulana |
|
47 |
|
163 |
new |
kalamana |
|
35 |
|
164 |
good |
bona pal |
|
|
|
165 |
bad, evil |
kaina |
|
1 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
i kodo |
|
13 |
|
167 |
night |
marum |
|
20 |
|
168 |
day |
maup |
|
|
|
169 |
year |
kilala |
|
35 |
|
170 |
when?
|
vingaia? |
|
1, 24 |
|
171 |
to hide
|
i parau |
|
9 |
|
174 |
in, inside |
olo |
to enter, go through |
1 |
|
177 |
this |
a pal nin |
|
15 |
|
178 |
that |
nam ra pal i vailik |
|
|
|
178 |
that |
nam ra pal i mara vai |
|
|
|
182 |
I |
iau |
|
1, 21 |
|
184 |
he/she |
ia |
proper name fem |
x |
|
184 |
he/she |
to |
proper name masc |
x |
|
185 |
we
|
u datal va utul |
could be vautul |
6 |
|
185 |
we
|
a mital va utul |
|
|
|
185 |
we
|
amirkaka |
|
|
|
185 |
we
|
amirikani |
|
|
|
185 |
we
|
amirika |
|
|
|
185 |
we
|
amir |
|
2 |
|
186 |
you |
a mutal va utul |
could be vautul |
x |
|
186 |
you |
avat |
|
1, 29 |
|
186 |
you |
u-ulu |
|
x |
|
187 |
they |
dital vautul |
vautul written as one word this time |
x |
|
187 |
they |
diat |
|
25, 41 |
|
187 |
they |
dir waurua |
|
x |
|
188 |
what?
|
dave |
|
1 |
|
189 |
who?
|
i ia |
|
1, 28 |
|
190 |
other |
diat |
|
|
|
191 |
all |
diat par |
|
|
|
195 |
no, not |
pata |
|
51 |
|
196 |
to count |
i luluk |
could be i lu luk |
30 |
|
197 |
One
|
tike |
|
43 |
|
197 |
One
|
tikai |
|
43 |
|
198 |
Two
|
urade |
|
1 |
|
198 |
Two
|
aurua |
|
1 |
|
199 |
Three
|
tamapu |
|
|
|
199 |
Three
|
autul |
|
1 |
|
200 |
Four
|
kaiti |
|
1, 65 |
|
200 |
Four
|
aiwat |
|
1, 65 |
|
201 |
Five
|
kaita |
|
|
|
201 |
Five
|
ailima |
|
1 |
|
202 |
Six
|
laptikai |
'plus one' |
6 |
|
202 |
Six
|
laptikai |
|
6 |
|
203 |
Seven
|
lavurua |
'plus two' |
24 |
|
204 |
Eight
|
lavutul |
|
5, 7 |
|
205 |
Nine
|
lavuvat |
|
15 |
|
205 |
Nine
|
lavuwat |
|
15 |
|
206 |
Ten
|
avinun |
|
20 |
|
206 |
Ten
|
avinun |
|
20 |
|
207 |
Twenty
|
a uravinun |
|
|
|
208 |
Fifty
|
a ilima na vinun |
|
|
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
a mar |
|
6 |
|
210 |
One Thousand
|
tikana arip |
|
5 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
kuk |
general term, but probably Tok Pisin loan |
|
L |
39 |
to cook
|
i kuk na tava |
'he/she boiled water (or a liquid)'. Tok Pisin loan? <kuk na tava> is arguably a noun-incorporation construction |
|
L? |
59 |
mother |
mama |
Tok Pisin loan? |
5 |
L? |
116 |
flower |
pur pur |
|
13 |
L? |