Language: Kuot
Source/Author: | Lindström field notes | |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:kto Glottocode: kuot1243 | |
Notes: | non-Austronesian ("East Papuan"), New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Previous names: Panaras (also Nayama, Kun, Kulot; see Lindström 2002 p19). Noun endings -ma, -na, -nəm, -nim, -bam, -bu, -bun, -uom disappear in plural formation and should probably be ignored for comparative purposes. | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Eva Lindström Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Isolate | |
Map |
Resources:
- Ethnologue Information for kto
- OLAC Information for kto
- World Atlas of Language Structures Information for kuo
- [Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 5 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Changed "classification" from "languages isolate" - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-20 02:13:16)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2019-12-06 16:51:22)
- Updating Classification to Match Ethnologue 16. From: East Papuan, Yele-Solomons-New Britain, New Britain, Kuot To: Language isolate - Simon Greenhill (2009-07-23 03:40:36)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
175 | above | bo | also 'on' | ||
175 | above | nakkap | adv 'on, over, up' | ||
191 | all | ganam | 'all, whole' | ||
192 | and | ga | |||
146 | ash | ura | |||
146 | ash | utərə | |||
173 | at | na | |||
13 | back | ibunəm | |||
165 | bad, evil | kirə | adj | ||
14 | belly | puana | |||
176 | below | pət | also 'under' | ||
176 | below | laurup | adv 'under, below, down' | ||
153 | big | kan | adj also 'thick', 'wide' | ||
97 | bird | kobeŋ | southern Kuot (AN loan? Lakuramau koben=wing) | L? | |
97 | bird | amani | northern Kuot (AN loan) | L | |
147 | black | pul | |||
147 | black | puppul | adj (AN? =Nochi 'black, dirty') | ||
23 | blood | oləbuan | |||
15 | bone | muanəm | |||
113 | branch | muaranim | |||
113 | branch | muareima | |||
18 | breast | sisima | (AN loan) | ||
56 | child | poi | someone's child | ||
56 | child | kulot | boy | ||
56 | child | kuləmut | girl | ||
56 | child | lop | children (PL only) | ||
131 | cloud | ||||
139 | cold | madin | Vcls 1, cold, cool in general | ||
166 | correct, true | mikə | adj | ||
168 | day | la | day | ||
168 | day | ileŋ | daytime, daylight | ||
10 | dirty | pəppəl | adj | ||
96 | dog | kapuna | (AN: same as Nochi) | ||
140 | dry | bəlak | Vcls 1, dry, be dry in general | ||
140 | dry | uauk | Vcls 1, of sores or anything wet that dries out | ||
82 | dull, blunt | but | adj | ||
11 | dust | buia | |||
43 | ear | kikinəm | |||
119 | earth/soil | kimanəm | |||
98 | egg | səgər | |||
98 | egg | dəkər | Kabil dialect | ||
204 | Eight | gamin | |||
45 | eye | irəma | |||
180 | far | kəkkaliat | |||
104 | fat/grease | ailu | |||
104 | fat/grease | kiris | of nuts | ||
60 | father | irə | |||
60 | father | mama | child's address | ||
99 | feather | nebam | |||
208 | Fifty | muanə ma mənaburualap | five tens | ||
143 | fire | kit | (AN? Lavongai kut) | ||
111 | fish | abuluma | |||
201 | Five | muanəm | |||
116 | flower | purə | only verb; prob loan | ||
132 | fog | upau | mist, rising from forest after rain | ||
200 | Four | nakala | |||
117 | fruit | ||||
164 | good | mur | adj | ||
164 | good | məgo | adj | ||
118 | grass | pəlis | |||
151 | green | makmakada | Vcls 1 (AN: Nalik mərəxə'wa, Madak məmaxa) | ||
26 | hair | kapuruma | |||
1 | hand | kilan | |||
184 | he/she | i | masc | ||
184 | he/she | u | fem -- much variation across pronominal functions | ||
24 | head | bukom | |||
142 | heavy | giginə | adj | ||
61 | house | lukuan | (also 'roof') | ||
194 | how? | are mani | "like what" | ||
57 | husband | lai | |||
182 | I | tuo | |||
182 | I | turuo | |||
193 | if | ||||
174 | in, inside | na | |||
16 | intestines | pakkubinəm | |||
16 | intestines | dalə | includes general insides of belly, 'offal' | ||
126 | lake | ||||
114 | leaf | bəbam | |||
2 | left | kaiar | prob 'left hand(ed)' | ||
4 | leg/foot | kiban | |||
4 | leg/foot | kadəlek | (northern dialect) | ||
135 | lightning | ilak | (AN loan) | ||
17 | liver | bakkarep | |||
17 | liver | bəsok | also 'lung' | ||
155 | long | laklakə | adj | ||
108 | louse | ineima | |||
54 | man/male | mikana | |||
54 | man/male | teima | |||
103 | meat/flesh | puppunes | |||
103 | meat/flesh | otbəna | 'meat of fish' | ||
103 | meat/flesh | ŋane | 'what you have with the carbo hydrates (Tok Pisin abus)' | ||
129 | moon | uləŋ | (AN loan) | ||
109 | mosquito | ŋatŋarima | (AN loan) | ||
59 | mother | naga | same in Nalik, Nochi, Madak ('my mother') | ||
59 | mother | num | older root? base of collective forms | ||
59 | mother | kakka | child's address | ||
30 | mouth | nənəm | |||
63 | name | bonim | |||
158 | narrow | ||||
179 | near | kakarat | |||
25 | neck | kəkkoŋ | |||
68 | needle | ||||
163 | new | nə | adj | ||
167 | night | arubu | also 'darkness' | ||
205 | Nine | gamiala | |||
195 | no, not | təle | negation | ||
195 | no, not | karuk | is not, no | ||
27 | nose | akabunima | 'nostril' | ||
27 | nose | ŋof | 'nostril' | ||
162 | old | lai | old man | ||
162 | old | lappək | 'be old' if used as Vcls 1 | ||
162 | old | kuala | old woman | ||
162 | old | kualappik | 'be old' if used as Vcls 1 | ||
197 | One | namurit | |||
209 | One Hundred | mənaburuan ma mənaburualap | ten tens | ||
210 | One Thousand | ||||
190 | other | ||||
160 | painful, sick | ŋit | Vcls 1 hurt | ||
160 | painful, sick | tafa | Vcls 1 sick | ||
53 | person/human being | ||||
133 | rain | afərət | (AN loan < wet season) | ||
102 | rat | kifəma (m) | (AN loan) | L | |
102 | rat | kifəbun (f) | (AN loan) | L | |
149 | red | toktok | adj (AN?? = Nochi tok) | ||
3 | right | ||||
6 | road/path | alaŋ | (AN loan) | ||
115 | root | ikunəm | |||
65 | rope | iakur | |||
112 | rotten | is | adj | ||
125 | salt | tes | (AN loan) | ||
121 | sand | ubiem | |||
124 | sea | pirom | |||
203 | Seven | gamura | |||
81 | sharp | oror | adj | ||
154 | short | pəppo | adj (length and height) | ||
19 | shoulder | barana | |||
19 | shoulder | biaməna | 'shoulder blade' | ||
161 | shy, ashamed | muli-bə | Vcls 3 | ||
202 | Six | gunamur | |||
12 | skin | neip | only in plural form | ||
12 | skin | kumalip | only in plural form | ||
12 | skin | pəppək | pəppək also of 'peel', 'bark' etc. | ||
128 | sky | panbinim | the blue sky, clouds are below it | ||
152 | small | kəppi | adj also 'thin', 'narrow' | ||
152 | small | tətak | (AN? Nochi: dokdok) | L? | |
145 | smoke | bonət | |||
106 | snake | kakok | |||
110 | spider | kakoburik | |||
110 | spider | kokoburik | |||
130 | star | marələ | (AN loan < Morning star) | L | |
130 | star | mataleŋleŋ | (AN? = Nochi) | L? | |
79 | stick/wood | karənəm | |||
79 | stick/wood | pas | |||
120 | stone | adəs | |||
105 | tail | ləpəle | of dog as well as snake | ||
105 | tail | pətpat | also 'lower back of pig (butchered with the tail)' | ||
105 | tail | ləbonaŋ | tail and backmost part of fish | ||
105 | tail | uliakano | bird's tail | ||
206 | Ten | mənaburuan | |||
178 | that | to | many many forms,+ inflected for person | ||
62 | thatch/roof | lukuan | also 'house' | ||
187 | they | mi | varies across functions | ||
187 | they | ma | varies across functions | ||
157 | thick | am | adj also 'fat' | ||
156 | thin | ||||
177 | this | ti | many many forms,+ inflected for person | ||
183 | thou | nuo | |||
183 | thou | nunuo | |||
199 | Three | naien | |||
134 | thunder | duk | |||
41 | to bite | karət | (AN loan) also 'betel nut' | ||
137 | to blow | ləf | blow away, of wind | ||
137 | to blow | fu | blow with the mouth (AN loan) | L | |
28 | to breathe | ||||
144 | to burn | suam | Vcls 1 | ||
144 | to burn | ip-au | Vcls 3 'burn secondary growth in garden preparation' | ||
91 | to buy | seo | Vcls 1 also 'pay' | ||
91 | to buy | u-i | Vcls 3 also 'pay | ||
38 | to chew | səm | chew | ||
38 | to chew | soŋ | chew betel nut | ||
38 | to chew | ŋose | chew and swallow juice, as of sugar cane | ||
38 | to chew | kərəs | chew noisily, crunch | ||
38 | to chew | səmsəm | chew | ||
85 | to choose | ite | Vcls 1 also 'sort' | ||
85 | to choose | mat | Vcls 1 also 'take aim' | ||
172 | to climb | abə | Vcl 2, also rise etc | ||
7 | to come | mu-o | Vcls 3 | ||
7 | to come | op | Vcls 2 | ||
39 | to cook | bukara | 'make cooked < adj. 'cooked' | ||
39 | to cook | pa iouna | Vcls 2, make 'mumu', cook in stones (iouna=cooking stones) | ||
196 | to count | pəs | Vcls 1 | ||
34 | to cry | libə | Vcls 2 | ||
78 | to cut, hack | bulə | Vcls 2a 'cut, chop, fell' | ||
78 | to cut, hack | kirip | Vcls 1 'cut, chop with knife' | ||
75 | to die, be dead | pəra | Vcls 2 | ||
90 | to dig | kau | Vcls 1 (AN loan (?)) | ||
50 | to dream | kirit-ie | Vcls 3 | ||
50 | to dream | kikkirit-ie | Vcls 3 | ||
40 | to drink | təp-o | Vcls 3 | ||
37 | to eat | o | Vcls 2 | ||
37 | to eat | parak | Vcls 1 | ||
95 | to fall | kəm | Vcls 2 | ||
95 | to fall | tiri | Vcls 1 | ||
95 | to fall | mir | Vcls 1 | ||
22 | to fear | rau | Vcls 2 | ||
123 | to flow | ripa | Vcls 2 | ||
101 | to fly | pəva-la | Vcls 3 | ||
86 | to grow | sik | (AN: Nochi chik chikchik) | L | |
86 | to grow | siksik | (AN: Nochi chik chikchik) | L | |
44 | to hear | ptə | Vcls 2 | ||
44 | to hear | omirə | Vcls 2 | ||
171 | to hide | kako-ri | Vcls 3 | ||
171 | to hide | sukə | V cls 1 'pull back to hide' | ||
72 | to hit | pit | Vcls 1, hit with stick, also 'cut firewood' | ||
72 | to hit | pukət | Vcls 1, beat with stick | ||
89 | to hold | at | Vcls 2a | ||
69 | to hunt | sin | Vcls 1 'hunt with dogs' | ||
74 | to kill | nəm | Vcls 2a, 'to go at, injure' | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | it | Vcls 2 | ||
33 | to laugh | fakabuo | Vcls 1 | ||
33 | to laugh | akkit | Vcls 1 | ||
33 | to laugh | tekkit | Vcls 1 | ||
49 | to lie down | duri | also 'to sleep' | ||
76 | to live, be alive | nim | Vcls 2, also 'be conscious' | ||
92 | to open, uncover | pilas | Vcls 1 | ||
84 | to plant | li | Vcls 2a | ||
84 | to plant | lə | Vcls 1 'plant a new garden' | ||
93 | to pound, beat | sək | Vcls 1 hit, pound with stone or stick | ||
93 | to pound, beat | ra | Vcls 2a 'pound to open shell' | ||
64 | to say | ga | |||
64 | to say | gama | |||
64 | to say | ma | |||
64 | to say | mama | |||
77 | to scratch | karamit | Vcls 1 | ||
46 | to see | kima | Vcls 1 | ||
46 | to see | i-i | Vcls 3 | ||
67 | to sew | sikit | (AN loan) | ||
70 | to shoot | bəle | shoot with spear | ||
70 | to shoot | pure | shoot or stab with spear etc. | ||
51 | to sit | onəma | Vcls 2 | ||
48 | to sleep | duri | also 'lie down' | ||
48 | to sleep | tete | child-directed | ||
29 | to sniff, smell | ie | Vcls 2 | ||
36 | to spit | kasup | Vcls 1 | ||
80 | to split | səba | Vcls 1 'split bamboo, or areca palm trunk for walling or flooring' | ||
80 | to split | bəsa | Vcls 1 'split bamboo, or areca palm trunk for walling or flooring' | ||
80 | to split | pəreit | Vcls 1 'split firewood, or vine for lashing' | ||
88 | to squeeze | pora | Vcls 1 | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | pure | Vcls 1 stab, shoot | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | siki | Vcls 1 stab, pierce, prick (AN loan) | L | |
71 | to stab, pierce | buliŋ | Vcls 1 'stab', poke, as ground for post etc | ||
52 | to stand | dus | Vcls 1 | ||
73 | to steal | pula | Vcls 1 | ||
42 | to suck | sisi | Vcls 1 (AN loan, see 'breast') | L | |
42 | to suck | ninip | 'as in suck on fingers' | ||
87 | to swell | dəŋ | Vcls 1 | ||
87 | to swell | tiŋ | Vcls 1 | ||
87 | to swell | abə | Vcls 2 also 'rise, climb' | ||
87 | to swell | ut | Vcls 1 also 'be full from eating' | ||
9 | to swim | kakai | Vcls 1; also 'float' | ||
21 | to think | akat | Vcls 1 | ||
94 | to throw | ko | Vcls 1 | ||
94 | to throw | apə | Vcls 1 incl throw spear | ||
94 | to throw | pure | Vcls 1 throw at | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | pis | Vcls 1 (AN loan) | L | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | pəla | Vcls 1 | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | buruk-in | tie with knot | ||
8 | to turn | ||||
35 | to vomit | tarak-ban | Vcls 3 | ||
35 | to vomit | abən | Vcls 2, of small children | ||
5 | to walk | num | Vcls 2 | ||
83 | to work | ubi | Vcls 1 | ||
47 | to yawn | marala | Vcls 1 | ||
32 | tongue | məlobiem | |||
31 | tooth | laukima | |||
207 | Twenty | narain mənaburualapien | two tens | ||
198 | Two | narain | |||
138 | warm | pamnə | adj | ||
138 | warm | pəppamnə | warm, hot in general | ||
122 | water | burunəm | |||
122 | water | danuot | also 'river', AN loan (?) | L? | |
185 | we | buo | incl | ||
185 | we | bubuo | |||
185 | we | papa | excl | ||
185 | we | pa | |||
141 | wet | saput | Vcls 1 | ||
141 | wet | sərap | adj | ||
141 | wet | puskə | adj 'moist' | ||
141 | wet | səsarap | adj | ||
141 | wet | saraput | Vcls 1 | ||
188 | what? | mani | |||
170 | when? | namuk | adv, also 'how many' | ||
181 | where? | lakum | |||
148 | white | pəsok | Vcls 1 (AN: Tigak & Lavongai: posok) | ||
189 | who? | aka | |||
159 | wide | ||||
58 | wife | kualə | also 'old woman' (same in Nochi) | ||
136 | wind | ifif | (AN loan) | ||
100 | wing | pupuruna | |||
55 | woman/female | makabun | |||
127 | woods/forest | panap | bush, also 'rubbish, trash' (PL only) | ||
127 | woods/forest | ben | high forest | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | makabunama | (spp, long and thin) | ||
169 | year | karanim | also 'low tide, reef at low tide' | ||
150 | yellow | kakko | Vcls 1 | ||
186 | you | mi | |||
186 | you | mimi |