Language: Besemah
| Source/Author: | Sindi Idwin | |
|---|---|---|
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:pse Glottocode: cent2053 | |
| Notes: | This language is spoken largely in the highland of Besemah of South Sumatera Indonesia - particularly those who live in around Mount Dempo. Appreciate any corrections SKT = 'Sanskrit', which stands for all North Indian influence between Sanskrit and Middle-Indian | |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Sindi Idwin Checked By: | |
| Statistics: |
| |
| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Malayo-Chamic:Malayic:Malay | |
| Map | ||
Resources:
ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Ogan
ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Lahat (Central Malay)
Ethnologue Information for pse
OLAC Information for pse-
[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing all of 71 entries
- Source: Helfrich 1904 (SA) (Word 168) - sander (2017-09-04 11:03:29)
- Changed #168218 from "siang", "?suspect (usually refers to early afternoon; there is also aghi 'day' (Helfrich 1904))", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-04 11:01:29)
- Changed #168144 from "nukar", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-04 10:11:48)
- Changed #168088 from "mepak", "SA: kunyah (16) and mamah (1) are also in Besemah ", "66", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-04 09:35:51)
- Changed #168128 from "netak", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-04 09:35:51)
- Changed #168130 from "mbagi", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-09-04 09:35:51)
- Changed #168088 from "mepak", "", "66", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 21:08:31)
- Changed #345013 from "bədənaŋ", "", "23", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 21:06:29)
- Changed #168068 from "dade", "", "12", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 21:06:29)
- Changed #345014 from "susu", "", "1", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 21:06:29)
- Changed #168088 from "mepak", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 21:06:29)
- Source: Adelaar 1992/Helfrich 1904 (Word 18) - sander (2017-08-31 21:02:35)
- Source: Adelaar 1992/vdToorn (Word 9) - sander (2017-08-31 20:54:56)
- Changed #168059 from "bekayuh", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:46:00)
- Changed #168229 from "damping", "", "25", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:43:46)
- Changed #168187 from "embus", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168190 from "keghing", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168192 from "beghat", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168199 from "abang", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168203 from "besak", "", "28", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168206 from "nipis", "", "1", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168209 from "libagh", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168212 from "tue", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168219 from "taun", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168220 from "kebile", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168223 from "di", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168231 from "dimane", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168233 from "die", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168236 from "rombongan", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168238 from "sape", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168242 from "kalu", "", "14", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168246 from "sikuk", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168248 from "tige", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed #168256 from "due puluh", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:41:22)
- Changed "notes" from "This language is spoken largely in the highland of Besemah of South Sumatera Indonesia - particularly those who live in around Mount Dempo. Appreciate any corrections " - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed "source" from "'@misc{Idwin-650-2009, author = "Sindi Idwin", date = "2009", howpublished = "personal communication" }'" - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168058 from "mbelok", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168063 from "belakang", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168064 from "peghut", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168068 from "dade", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168069 from "bahu", "", "17", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168070 from "ngerti", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168071 from "mikir", "", "22", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168074 from "palak", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168075 from "liagh", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168078 from "benapas", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168089 from "bemasak", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168092 from "ngisap", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168094 from "ndengagh", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168099 from "ngguling", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168100 from "bemimpi", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168103 from "jeme", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168104 from "lanang", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168109 from "umak", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168110 from "bapang", "", "5", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168111 from "ghumah", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168113 from "name", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168114 from "ngicik", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168118 from "jaghum", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168127 from "gaghut", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168133 from "begawe", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168139 from "genggam", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168148 from "teluw", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168155 from "ikok", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168156 from "ulagh", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168165 from "akagh", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168168 from "ghumput", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed #168172 from "ayek", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - sander (2017-08-31 20:36:22)
- Changed "silcode" from "" - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-15 05:43:07)
- Changed "classification" from "" - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-15 05:43:07)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2009-11-15 05:40:36)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | tangan | 18 | ||
| 2 | left | kidau | 56, 28 | ||
| 3 | right | kanan | 1, 73 | ||
| 4 | leg/foot | keting | 92 | ||
| 5 | to walk | bejalan | 21 | ||
| 6 | road/path | jalan | 1 | ||
| 7 | to come | datang | 14 | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
mbelok | 24 | ||
| 9 | to swim | bekayuh | X (SA: lit. 'to row') | ||
| 9 | to swim | bədənaŋ | < Helfrich 1904 | 23 | |
| 10 | dirty | kulat | 60 | ||
| 11 | dust | debu | 58 | ||
| 12 | skin | kulit | 1 | ||
| 13 | back
|
belakang | 27 | ||
| 14 | belly | peghut | 32 | ||
| 15 | bone | tulang | 1 | ||
| 16 | intestines | usus | 24 | ||
| 17 | liver | ati | 1 | ||
| 18 | breast | dade | = chest | 12 | |
| 18 | breast | susu | = female breast | 1 | |
| 19 | shoulder | bahu | < SKT | 17 | L |
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ngerti | < SKT | 140 | L |
| 21 | to think | mikir | < AR | 22 | L |
| 22 | to fear | takut | 1 | ||
| 23 | blood | dagha | 1 | ||
| 24 | head | palak | < SKT | 29 | L |
| 25 | neck | liagh | 1 | ||
| 26 | hair
|
gumbak | |||
| 27 | nose | idung | 1 | ||
| 28 | to breathe | benapas | < AR | 29 | L |
| 29 | to sniff, smell | ngisap | 'to suck in'? | 121 | |
| 30 | mouth | mulut | 27 | ||
| 31 | tooth | gigi | 17 | ||
| 32 | tongue | lidah | 4, 31 | ||
| 33 | to laugh | tetawe | 1 | ||
| 34 | to cry | nangis | 1 | ||
| 35 | to vomit | muntah | 1 | ||
| 36 | to spit | tusuk | 111 | ||
| 37 | to eat | makan | 1 | ||
| 38 | to chew
|
mepak | SA: kunyah (16) and mamah (1) are also in Besemah (cf. Helfrich 1904) | 66 | |
| 39 | to cook
|
bemasak | 19 | ||
| 40 | to drink | minum | 1 | ||
| 41 | to bite | gigit | 21 | ||
| 42 | to suck | ngisap | 1 | ||
| 43 | ear | cuping | 15, 51 | ||
| 44 | to hear | ndengagh | 1 | ||
| 45 | eye | mate | 1 | ||
| 46 | to see | nginak | 131 | ||
| 47 | to yawn | nguap | 19 | ||
| 48 | to sleep | tiduk | 1, 70 | ||
| 49 | to lie down
|
ngguling | 54 | ||
| 50 | to dream | bemimpi | 1, 37 | ||
| 51 | to sit | duduk | 35 | ||
| 52 | to stand | bediri | 1 | ||
| 53 | person/human being | jeme | ult. < Sanskrit | 16 | L |
| 54 | man/male | lanang | < JV | 124 | L |
| 55 | woman/female | betine | 19 | ||
| 56 | child | anak | 1 | ||
| 57 | husband | laki | 28 | ||
| 58 | wife | bini | 5 | ||
| 59 | mother | umak | 35 | ||
| 60 | father | bapang | < *b(a)- +*apa + *N; *apa = Dravidian | 5 | L |
| 61 | house | ghumah | 1 | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | atap | 1 | ||
| 63 | name | name | < SKT | 12 | L |
| 64 | to say | ngicik | 26 | ||
| 65 | rope | tali | 1 | ||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | ngencang | |||
| 67 | to sew
|
njait | 2 | ||
| 68 | needle | jaghum | 1 | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
beburu | 23 | ||
| 70 | to shoot
|
nembak | 49 | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | nujah | 22 | ||
| 72 | to hit
|
gucuh | |||
| 73 | to steal | maling | 16 | ||
| 74 | to kill | mbunuh | 1 | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead | mati | 1 | ||
| 76 | to live, be alive | idup | 1, 82 | ||
| 77 | to scratch
|
gaghut | 44 | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
netak | 3 | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | kayu | 1 | ||
| 80 | to split
|
mbagi | (= "to divide'?) ult. < Sanskrit | 93 | L |
| 81 | sharp | landap | 34 | ||
| 82 | dull, blunt | tumpul | 3 | ||
| 83 | to work
|
begawe | < JV | 23 | L |
| 84 | to plant | nanam | 2 | ||
| 85 | to choose | milih | 1 | ||
| 86 | to grow
|
besak | |||
| 87 | to swell
|
ngembang | 20 | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
nciut | |||
| 89 | to hold
|
genggam | 1 | ||
| 90 | to dig | kali | 1 | ||
| 91 | to buy | beli | 1 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | buka | 1 | ||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
nutuk | 2 | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
nukar | ? questionable; there is also limpar (Helfrich 1904) | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
umban | |||
| 96 | dog | anjing | 27 | ||
| 97 | bird | burung | 17 | ||
| 98 | egg | teluw | 1 | ||
| 99 | feather | bulu | 1 | ||
| 100 | wing | sayap | 26 | ||
| 101 | to fly | terbang | 18 | ||
| 102 | rat | tikus | 22 | ||
| 103 | meat/flesh | daging | 26 | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | bunguk | |||
| 105 | tail | ikok | 1, 72 | ||
| 106 | snake | ulagh | 2 | ||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | nggelang | 15 | ||
| 108 | louse
|
kutu | 1 | ||
| 109 | mosquito | nyamuk | 1 | ||
| 110 | spider | labalaba | 1 | ||
| 111 | fish | ikan | 1 | ||
| 112 | rotten
|
bangai | |||
| 113 | branch
|
cabang | 9 | ||
| 114 | leaf | daun | 1 | ||
| 115 | root | akagh | 2 | ||
| 116 | flower | bunge | 1 | ||
| 117 | fruit | buah | 1 | ||
| 118 | grass | ghumput | 27 | ||
| 119 | earth/soil | tanah | 1 | ||
| 120 | stone | batu | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | pasir | 18 | ||
| 122 | water
|
ayek | 2 | ||
| 123 | to flow | ngalir | 1 | ||
| 124 | sea | laut | 6 | ||
| 125 | salt | garam | 18 | ||
| 126 | lake | danau | 1 | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | utan | 7 | ||
| 128 | sky | langit | 1 | ||
| 129 | moon | bulan | 1 | ||
| 130 | star | bintang | 1 | ||
| 131 | cloud
|
mendung | |||
| 132 | fog | kabut | 1 | ||
| 133 | rain | ujan | 1 | ||
| 134 | thunder | ribut | ? means 'stormy' in other Malay dialects; there is also gurue(h) (Helfrich 1904) | 102 | |
| 135 | lightning | kilat | 1 | ||
| 136 | wind | angin | 1 | ||
| 137 | to blow
|
embus | 30 | ||
| 138 | warm
|
angat | 112 | ||
| 139 | cold
|
dingin | 1 | ||
| 140 | dry
|
keghing | 22 | ||
| 141 | wet | basah | 1 | ||
| 142 | heavy | beghat | 1 | ||
| 143 | fire | api | 1 | ||
| 144 | to burn
|
nyilap | 22, 14 | ||
| 145 | smoke
|
asap | 49 | ||
| 146 | ash | abu | 1 | ||
| 147 | black | itam | 1 | ||
| 148 | white | putih | 1 | ||
| 149 | red | abang | < JV | 33 | L |
| 150 | yellow | kuning | 1 | ||
| 151 | green | ijau | 25 | ||
| 152 | small | kecik | 28 | ||
| 153 | big | besak | SA: -k is irregular | 28, 128 | |
| 154 | short
|
pandak | 1 | ||
| 155 | long
|
panjang | 24 | ||
| 156 | thin
|
nipis | 1, 44 | ||
| 157 | thick
|
tebal | 26 | ||
| 158 | narrow | sempit | 68 | ||
| 159 | wide | libagh | 48 | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | sakit | 1 | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed | malu | 20 | ||
| 162 | old
|
tue | 1 | ||
| 163 | new | empai | 17 | ||
| 164 | good | ilok | 68 | ||
| 165 | bad, evil | karuk | |||
| 166 | correct, true | betul | 23 | ||
| 167 | night | malam | 20 | ||
| 168 | day | siang | ?suspect (usually refers to early afternoon) | ||
| 168 | day | aghi | list originally had siang but that word usually refers to 'early afternoon, clearest part of the day' | 17 | |
| 169 | year | taun | 1 | ||
| 170 | when?
|
kebile | 13 | ||
| 171 | to hide
|
besimbun | |||
| 172 | to climb
|
naik | 1 | ||
| 173 | at | di | 20 | ||
| 174 | in, inside | di dalam | 1 | ||
| 175 | above | di pucuk | |||
| 176 | below | bawah | 1 | ||
| 177 | this | ini | 1 | ||
| 178 | that | itu | 16 | ||
| 179 | near | damping | 25 | ||
| 180 | far | jauh | 1 | ||
| 181 | where?
|
dimane | 20 | ||
| 182 | I | aku | 1 | ||
| 183 | thou | |
|||
| 184 | he/she | die | 18 | ||
| 185 | we
|
kami | 2 | ||
| 186 | you | kaba | ? < *(i)tu apa, cf. tuapo (Helfrich 1904) (SA) | ||
| 187 | they | rombongan | lit. 'group of people' (SA) | ||
| 188 | what?
|
tape | |||
| 189 | who?
|
sape | 12 | ||
| 190 | other | ne lain | 2 | ||
| 191 | all | semua | 33 | L | |
| 192 | and | dan | 18 | ||
| 193 | if | kalu | < SKT jaka + AR law | 14 | L |
| 194 | how?
|
lukmane | 23 | ||
| 195 | no, not | bukan | 26 | ||
| 196 | to count | ngitung | 31 | ||
| 197 | One
|
sikuk | < *sa- *ikuʔ 'one tail' | 1, 85 | |
| 198 | Two
|
due | 1 | ||
| 199 | Three
|
tige | 8 | ||
| 200 | Four
|
empat | 1 | ||
| 201 | Five
|
lime | 1 | ||
| 202 | Six
|
enam | 1 | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
tujuh | 4 | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
lapan | 4 | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
sembilan | 10 | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
sepuluh | 5 | ||
| 207 | Twenty
|
due puluh | 3, 6 | ||
| 208 | Fifty
|
lime puluh | 1, 2 | ||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
seratus | 4 | ||
| 210 | One Thousand
|
seribu | 5 |





