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Language: Proto-Southwestern Tai

Source/Author:  Nanna L. Jonsson 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:  Glottocode: wenm1239 
Notes:  Source: Jonsson, Nanna L. (1991) Proto Southwestern Tai. Ph.D dissertation, available from UMI and SEAlang.net on http://sealang.net/crcl/proto/

Also consulted: Li, Fang Kuei (1977) A Handbook of Comparative Tai. University of Hawai'i Press.

PAN & PMP reconstructions, given for reference, are not necessarily potential cognates. They have been sourced from: Blust, R. (1999). Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In Zeitoun, E., & Li, P. J-K., Selected Papers From the 8th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Taipei, Taiwan: Academica Sinica.

Proto-tones are represented as A, B, C, and D. D occurs in "dead syllables" (syllables with final stops), while A, B, and C are "live syllables" (syllables ending in vowels, semivowels, and nasals). In Li's system, 1 refers to proto-voiceless initial consonants, and 2 to proto-voiced initial consonants. For D1, S refers to proto-short vowels, and L to proto-long vowels. 
Problems:  Where Nanna L. Jonsson does not provide any reconstructions, I have instead used Fang-Kuei Li's SW-Tai reconstructions. Li's tones differ markedly from those of Jonsson's.

I have also checked proto-forms against Titima Suthiwan's list of loanwords in Thai/Siamese (Suthiwan, Titima. 2009. "Thai vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 2073 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/23.) 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu  Checked By:  
Statistics: 
  • Total Data: 193
  • Number of Retentions:
  • Number of Loans: 0
 
Classification:  Tai-Kadai:Kam-Tai:Be-Tai:Tai-Sek:Tai:Southwestern 
Map  Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. 

Resources:

Change History:

Showing 3 of 3 entries. Show ALL logged changes

Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
8 to turn word info      
10 dirty      
28 to breathe      
40 to drink      
52 to stand      
69 to hunt word info      
72 to hit word info      
76 to live, be alive      
82 dull, blunt      
89 to hold word info      
110 spider      
124 sea      
126 lake      
141 wet      
170 when? word info      
173 at      
174 in, inside      
178 that      
181 where? word info      
188 what? word info      
189 who? word info      
192 and      
193 if      
194 how? word info      
195 no, not      
208 Fifty word info      
5 to walk *Praay A1/ C1      
26 hair word info *Prom A1 PAN *bukeS ? 47  
80 to split word info *Prɛk DL1 PMP *belaq ? 1  
57 husband *Pua A1 PAN *bana ? 49  
66 to tie up, fasten *Puk DL1      
74 to kill *Xa C1 Chinese ? 38  
148 white *Xaaw A1      
92 to open, uncover *Xay A1 Chinese ?    
68 needle *Xem A1 PAN *zaʀum or Chinese ? 1  
151 green *Xiaw A1 PAN & PMP *mataq ? 50  
68 needle *Xim A1 PAN *zaʀum or Chinese ? 1  
99 feather *Xon A1      
47 to yawn *Xraaw A1 PAN *ma-Suab ? 17  
33 to laugh *Xrua A1 PAN *Cawa ? 72  
90 to dig *Xut DS1   36  
3 right *Xwa A1 PAN *ka-wanaN ? 1  
94 to throw word info *Xwaaŋ C1      
137 to blow word info *bat DS4      
14 belly *buŋ A4 (?)    
60 father *bɔ B4 Universally common form 26  
87 to swell word info *bɔŋ A4      
203 Seven word info *cet DS2 Middle Chinese: tshjet    
6 road/path *daaŋ A4 PAN *zalan 1  
146 ash *daw B4   43  
191 all *daŋ A4/C4 PAN *amin ?    
71 to stab, pierce *dɛŋ A4   62  
131 cloud word info *fa C1      
50 to dream *fan A1 PAN *Sepi / PMP *hipi ? 8  
133 rain *fon A1 PAN *quzaN ? 37  
11 dust *fun B1 PMP *qabuk ?    
158 narrow *gap DS4   46  
21 to think *git DS4      
53 person/human being *gon A4   32  
201 Five word info *ha C1 Old Chinese: ŋagx    
46 to see *han A1 PAN *kita or Chinese ? 67  
34 to cry *hay C1 PAN *Caŋis ? 50  
83 to work word info *het DS1      
123 to flow *hlay A1 PAN *qaluʀ ? 43  
13 back word info *hlaŋ A1 PAN *likud ? 66  
150 yellow *hlɯaŋ A1 PMP *ma-kunij ? 56  
96 dog *hma A1   61  
117 fruit *hmaak DL1 PAN *buaq ? 24  
144 to burn word info *hmay C1   109  
163 new *hmaɯ B1 PAN *ma-baqeʀu ? 34  
132 fog *hmɔk DL1   53  
157 thick word info *hna A1   47  
139 cold word info *hnaaw A1   72  
142 heavy *hnak DS1   42  
12 skin *hnaŋ A1 PAN *qaNiC ? 56  
102 rat *hnu A1   59  
107 worm (earthworm) *hnɔn A1   43  
175 above *hnɯa A1 also means "north" 34  
197 One word info *hnɯŋ Tai form    
105 tail *hraaŋ A1 PAN *ikuʀ ? 53  
108 louse word info *hraw A1   1  
88 to squeeze word info *hriip DL1      
120 stone *hrin A1   29  
202 Six word info *hrok DS1 Middle Chinese: ljuk    
43 ear *hru A1 PAN *Caliŋa ? 8  
24 head *hrua A1 PAN *qulu ? 33  
39 to cook word info *hruŋ A4 PAN *tanek ?    
9 to swim *hwaay C1 PAN *Naŋuy ? 1  
118 grass *hña C1 PAN *Cemel ? 44  
38 to chew word info *hñam C1 PMP *mamaq ?    
153 big *hñaɯ B1 PAN *ma-ʀaya ? 59  
67 to sew word info *hñep DS1   29  
140 dry word info *hɛŋ C1 PMP *ma-ʀaŋaw or Chinese ? 79  
155 long word info *jaaw A4   64  
41 to bite *kat DS2 PAN *kaʀat ? 1  
182 I *kaw A1 PAN *i-aku ? 1  
77 to scratch word info *kaw A2 PAN *kaʀaw ? 1  
205 Nine word info *kaw C2 Middle Chinese: kjəu    
187 they *khlau A1 Fang-Kuei Li    
98 egg *khray B1 PAN *qiCeluʀ ?    
160 painful, sick *khray C1 feverish 122  
151 green *khriaw A1 PAN & PMP *mataq ? 50  
37 to eat *kin A2 PAN *kaen 1  
113 branch word info *kiŋ B2   28  
180 far *klay A2   54  
179 near *klaɯ C2   72  
22 to fear *klua A2   44  
125 salt *klɯa A2 PAN *qasiʀa ? 21  
182 I *ku A1 PAN *i-aku ? 1  
159 wide *kwaaŋ C2 Chinese ? 74  
73 to steal *lak DS4 PAN *Cakaw ? 34  
154 short word info *lek D2S Fang-Kuei Li    
152 small *lekD2S Fang-Kuei Li    
32 tongue *lin C4 PMP *dilaq ? + metathesis = 31 (unlikely) 36?  
136 wind *lom A4 PAN *bali ? 63  
85 to choose *lɯak DL4 PAN *piliq ? 26  
23 blood *lɯat DL4 PAN *daʀaq ? 28  
7 to come *ma A4 PMP *maʀi 1  
104 fat/grease *man A4 PAN *Simaʀ / PMP *meñak ? 2?  
184 he/she *man A4      
166 correct, true *man C4 PMP *ma-bener ?    
183 thou *maɯ A4   1  
58 wife *mia A4   44  
135 lightning *mlɛp DL4      
62 thatch/roof *muŋ A4 PAN *Cawali ?    
59 mother *mɛ B4 Universally common form 39  
166 correct, true *mɛn C4 PMP *ma-bener ?    
1 hand *mɯ A4 PAN *(qa)lima ? 1  
183 thou *mɯŋ A4   1  
122 water word info *naam C2 Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *daNum 1  
112 rotten word info *nau B2 Fang-Kuei Li 34  
51 to sit *naŋ B2 Fang-Kuei Li 65  
177 this *nii C2 Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *i-ni 1  
97 bird *nokD2S Fang-Kuei Li; PMP *manuk 1  
18 breast *nom A2 Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *nunu/*susu ? 40  
154 short word info *nɔɔi C2 Fang-Kuei Li    
48 to sleep *nɔɔn A2 Fang-Kuei Li 66  
49 to lie down word info *nɔɔn A2 Fang-Kuei Li; same as "to sleep" 56  
103 meat/flesh *nɯə C2   60  
30 mouth *paak DL2 PMP *baqbaq ? 1  
209 One Hundred word info *paak DL2 Chinese    
134 thunder *phliə A1 Fang-Kuei Li, PAN *deʀuŋ ?    
169 year *pi A1   52  
100 wing *pik DL2 PMP *kapak?? 55  
172 to climb word info *pin A4      
111 fish *pla A2   64  
84 to plant *pluuk DL2 PAN *mula ? 16  
204 Eight word info *pɛt DL2 Middle Chinese: pat    
35 to vomit *raak DL4 PAN *utaq ? 1  
115 root *raak DL4 PAN *ʀameC / PMP *uʀat ? 31  
165 bad, evil *raay C4 PAN *kuya ? 56  
185 we word info *raw A4      
155 long word info *ri A4   65  
210 One Thousand word info *riŋ A4 Chinese ?    
134 thunder *riə A1 Fang-Kuei Li, PAN *deʀuŋ ?    
20 to know, be knowledgeable *ru C4 PAN *bajaq ? 57  
61 house *rɯan A4 PAN *ʀumaq ? 46  
199 Three word info *saam A1 Middle Chinese: sam    
16 intestines *say C1 *not* PAN *Cinaqi    
200 Four word info *si B1 Middle Chinese: si    
206 Ten word info *sip DS1 Middle Chinese: zjep    
186 you *su A1   1  
198 Two word info *sɔŋ A1 Tai form; PAN *duSa ?    
45 eye *ta A2 PAN *maCa 1  
75 to die, be dead *taay A2 PAN *m-aCay 1  
93 to pound, beat word info *tam A2   26  
17 liver *tap DS2 PAN *qaCay ? 37  
78 to cut, hack word info *tat DS2 PAN *taʀaq ? 1  
176 below *taɯ A2 also means "south" 50?  
162 old word info *thaw C1 PAN *ma-tuqaS ? 94  
79 stick/wood *thu B1 PAN *kaSiw ?    
4 leg/foot *tin A2   12  
95 to fall word info *tɔk DS2   76  
128 sky *va C4   48  
31 tooth *van A2 Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *nipen ? 1  
143 fire *vay A4 PAN *Sapuy ? 1  
64 to say *wa B4 PMP *kaʀi ?    
168 day *wan A4 PAN *qalejaw ? 41  
207 Twenty word info *zaaw A4 North Siamese form    
121 sand *zaay A4 PAN *qenay ?    
2 left *zaay C4 PAN *ka-wiʀi ? 46  
171 to hide word info *zɔŋ B4      
91 to buy *zɯ C4 PAN *beli / *baliw ? 37  
44 to hear *ñin A4 PAN *tumaNa / PMP *deŋeʀ ? 33  
55 woman/female *ñiŋ A4   60  
109 mosquito *ñuŋ A4   58  
70 to shoot word info *ñɯ A4 PAN *panaq ? 29  
106 snake *ŋu A4   50  
86 to grow word info *ŋɔk DL4      
54 man/male *ǰaay A4 PAN *ma-ʀuqaNay / PMP *laki ? 55  
63 name *ǰɯ B4 PAN *ŋajan ? 30  
65 rope *ǰɯak DL4   37  
36 to spit *ɣaay A4 PMP *luzaq ? 67  
81 sharp *ɣom A3 PAN *Cazem ? 1  
145 smoke word info *ɣwan A4   54  
25 neck *ɣɔ A4   52  
167 night *ɣɯn A4 PAN *beʀŋi ? 51  
196 to count *ʔaan B3 compare Tagalog "bílaŋ" 52  
161 shy, ashamed *ʔaay A3 PAN *ma-Siaq ? 1  
19 shoulder *ʔba B3 PAN *qabaʀa ? 1  
156 thin word info *ʔbaaŋ A3   39  
114 leaf *ʔbaɯ A3 PAN *biʀaq ? 64  
101 to fly *ʔbin A3   54  
116 flower *ʔblɔk DL3 compare Tagalog "bulaklák" 22  
129 moon *ʔblɯan A3 PAN *bulaN 1  
130 star *ʔdaaw A3   1  
147 black *ʔdam A3 PMP *ma-qitem ? 1  
27 nose *ʔdaŋ C3 PAN *mujiŋ / PMP *ijuŋ ? 1  
56 child *ʔdek DS3 PAN *aNak 42  
164 good *ʔdi A3   87  
119 earth/soil *ʔdin A3 PAN *daʀeq / PMP *tanaq ? 56  
29 to sniff, smell *ʔdom A3      
127 woods/forest *ʔdoŋ A3      
15 bone *ʔduuk DL3 PAN *CuqelaN ? 1?  
42 to suck *ʔduut DL3   39  
149 red *ʔdɛŋ A3 PAN *ma-taNah / PMP *ma-iʀaq ? 67  
70 to shoot word info *ʔnɯ PAN *panaq ? 29  
138 warm word info *ʔun B3 Chinese ? 69  
190 other *ʔɯn B3 PAN *duma ?    

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