Language: Proto-Southwestern Tai
Source/Author: | Nanna L. Jonsson |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: wenm1239 |
Notes: | Source: Jonsson, Nanna L. (1991) Proto Southwestern Tai. Ph.D dissertation, available from UMI and SEAlang.net on http://sealang.net/crcl/proto/ Also consulted: Li, Fang Kuei (1977) A Handbook of Comparative Tai. University of Hawai'i Press. PAN & PMP reconstructions, given for reference, are not necessarily potential cognates. They have been sourced from: Blust, R. (1999). Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In Zeitoun, E., & Li, P. J-K., Selected Papers From the 8th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Taipei, Taiwan: Academica Sinica. Proto-tones are represented as A, B, C, and D. D occurs in "dead syllables" (syllables with final stops), while A, B, and C are "live syllables" (syllables ending in vowels, semivowels, and nasals). In Li's system, 1 refers to proto-voiceless initial consonants, and 2 to proto-voiced initial consonants. For D1, S refers to proto-short vowels, and L to proto-long vowels. |
Problems: | Where Nanna L. Jonsson does not provide any reconstructions, I have instead used Fang-Kuei Li's SW-Tai reconstructions. Li's tones differ markedly from those of Jonsson's. I have also checked proto-forms against Titima Suthiwan's list of loanwords in Thai/Siamese (Suthiwan, Titima. 2009. "Thai vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 2073 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/23.) |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Tai-Kadai:Kam-Tai:Be-Tai:Tai-Sek:Tai:Southwestern |
Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
- Ethnologue/World Atlas of Language Structures Information is not available
- Proto-Tai'o'Matic from SEAlang.net
- [Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 3 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Adding Resource - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-15 02:36:26)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-14 22:13:51)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-14 22:12:41)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | to turn | ||||
10 | dirty | ||||
28 | to breathe | ||||
40 | to drink | ||||
52 | to stand | ||||
69 | to hunt | ||||
72 | to hit | ||||
76 | to live, be alive | ||||
82 | dull, blunt | ||||
89 | to hold | ||||
110 | spider | ||||
124 | sea | ||||
126 | lake | ||||
141 | wet | ||||
170 | when? | ||||
173 | at | ||||
174 | in, inside | ||||
178 | that | ||||
181 | where? | ||||
188 | what? | ||||
189 | who? | ||||
192 | and | ||||
193 | if | ||||
194 | how? | ||||
195 | no, not | ||||
208 | Fifty | ||||
5 | to walk | *Praay A1/ C1 | |||
26 | hair | *Prom A1 | PAN *bukeS ? | 47 | |
80 | to split | *Prɛk DL1 | PMP *belaq ? | 1 | |
57 | husband | *Pua A1 | PAN *bana ? | 49 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | *Puk DL1 | |||
74 | to kill | *Xa C1 | Chinese ? | 38 | |
148 | white | *Xaaw A1 | |||
92 | to open, uncover | *Xay A1 | Chinese ? | ||
68 | needle | *Xem A1 | PAN *zaʀum or Chinese ? | 1 | |
151 | green | *Xiaw A1 | PAN & PMP *mataq ? | 50 | |
68 | needle | *Xim A1 | PAN *zaʀum or Chinese ? | 1 | |
99 | feather | *Xon A1 | |||
47 | to yawn | *Xraaw A1 | PAN *ma-Suab ? | 17 | |
33 | to laugh | *Xrua A1 | PAN *Cawa ? | 72 | |
90 | to dig | *Xut DS1 | 36 | ||
3 | right | *Xwa A1 | PAN *ka-wanaN ? | 1 | |
94 | to throw | *Xwaaŋ C1 | |||
137 | to blow | *bat DS4 | |||
14 | belly | *buŋ A4 | (?) | ||
60 | father | *bɔ B4 | Universally common form | 26 | |
87 | to swell | *bɔŋ A4 | |||
203 | Seven | *cet DS2 | Middle Chinese: tshjet | ||
6 | road/path | *daaŋ A4 | PAN *zalan | 1 | |
146 | ash | *daw B4 | 43 | ||
191 | all | *daŋ A4/C4 | PAN *amin ? | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | *dɛŋ A4 | 62 | ||
131 | cloud | *fa C1 | |||
50 | to dream | *fan A1 | PAN *Sepi / PMP *hipi ? | 8 | |
133 | rain | *fon A1 | PAN *quzaN ? | 37 | |
11 | dust | *fun B1 | PMP *qabuk ? | ||
158 | narrow | *gap DS4 | 46 | ||
21 | to think | *git DS4 | |||
53 | person/human being | *gon A4 | 32 | ||
201 | Five | *ha C1 | Old Chinese: ŋagx | ||
46 | to see | *han A1 | PAN *kita or Chinese ? | 67 | |
34 | to cry | *hay C1 | PAN *Caŋis ? | 50 | |
83 | to work | *het DS1 | |||
123 | to flow | *hlay A1 | PAN *qaluʀ ? | 43 | |
13 | back | *hlaŋ A1 | PAN *likud ? | 66 | |
150 | yellow | *hlɯaŋ A1 | PMP *ma-kunij ? | 56 | |
96 | dog | *hma A1 | 61 | ||
117 | fruit | *hmaak DL1 | PAN *buaq ? | 24 | |
144 | to burn | *hmay C1 | 109 | ||
163 | new | *hmaɯ B1 | PAN *ma-baqeʀu ? | 34 | |
132 | fog | *hmɔk DL1 | 53 | ||
157 | thick | *hna A1 | 47 | ||
139 | cold | *hnaaw A1 | 72 | ||
142 | heavy | *hnak DS1 | 42 | ||
12 | skin | *hnaŋ A1 | PAN *qaNiC ? | 56 | |
102 | rat | *hnu A1 | 59 | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | *hnɔn A1 | 43 | ||
175 | above | *hnɯa A1 | also means "north" | 34 | |
197 | One | *hnɯŋ | Tai form | ||
105 | tail | *hraaŋ A1 | PAN *ikuʀ ? | 53 | |
108 | louse | *hraw A1 | 1 | ||
88 | to squeeze | *hriip DL1 | |||
120 | stone | *hrin A1 | 29 | ||
202 | Six | *hrok DS1 | Middle Chinese: ljuk | ||
43 | ear | *hru A1 | PAN *Caliŋa ? | 8 | |
24 | head | *hrua A1 | PAN *qulu ? | 33 | |
39 | to cook | *hruŋ A4 | PAN *tanek ? | ||
9 | to swim | *hwaay C1 | PAN *Naŋuy ? | 1 | |
118 | grass | *hña C1 | PAN *Cemel ? | 44 | |
38 | to chew | *hñam C1 | PMP *mamaq ? | ||
153 | big | *hñaɯ B1 | PAN *ma-ʀaya ? | 59 | |
67 | to sew | *hñep DS1 | 29 | ||
140 | dry | *hɛŋ C1 | PMP *ma-ʀaŋaw or Chinese ? | 79 | |
155 | long | *jaaw A4 | 64 | ||
41 | to bite | *kat DS2 | PAN *kaʀat ? | 1 | |
182 | I | *kaw A1 | PAN *i-aku ? | 1 | |
77 | to scratch | *kaw A2 | PAN *kaʀaw ? | 1 | |
205 | Nine | *kaw C2 | Middle Chinese: kjəu | ||
187 | they | *khlau A1 | Fang-Kuei Li | ||
98 | egg | *khray B1 | PAN *qiCeluʀ ? | ||
160 | painful, sick | *khray C1 | feverish | 122 | |
151 | green | *khriaw A1 | PAN & PMP *mataq ? | 50 | |
37 | to eat | *kin A2 | PAN *kaen | 1 | |
113 | branch | *kiŋ B2 | 28 | ||
180 | far | *klay A2 | 54 | ||
179 | near | *klaɯ C2 | 72 | ||
22 | to fear | *klua A2 | 44 | ||
125 | salt | *klɯa A2 | PAN *qasiʀa ? | 21 | |
182 | I | *ku A1 | PAN *i-aku ? | 1 | |
159 | wide | *kwaaŋ C2 | Chinese ? | 74 | |
73 | to steal | *lak DS4 | PAN *Cakaw ? | 34 | |
154 | short | *lek D2S | Fang-Kuei Li | ||
152 | small | *lekD2S | Fang-Kuei Li | ||
32 | tongue | *lin C4 | PMP *dilaq ? + metathesis = 31 (unlikely) | 36? | |
136 | wind | *lom A4 | PAN *bali ? | 63 | |
85 | to choose | *lɯak DL4 | PAN *piliq ? | 26 | |
23 | blood | *lɯat DL4 | PAN *daʀaq ? | 28 | |
7 | to come | *ma A4 | PMP *maʀi | 1 | |
104 | fat/grease | *man A4 | PAN *Simaʀ / PMP *meñak ? | 2? | |
184 | he/she | *man A4 | |||
166 | correct, true | *man C4 | PMP *ma-bener ? | ||
183 | thou | *maɯ A4 | 1 | ||
58 | wife | *mia A4 | 44 | ||
135 | lightning | *mlɛp DL4 | |||
62 | thatch/roof | *muŋ A4 | PAN *Cawali ? | ||
59 | mother | *mɛ B4 | Universally common form | 39 | |
166 | correct, true | *mɛn C4 | PMP *ma-bener ? | ||
1 | hand | *mɯ A4 | PAN *(qa)lima ? | 1 | |
183 | thou | *mɯŋ A4 | 1 | ||
122 | water | *naam C2 | Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *daNum | 1 | |
112 | rotten | *nau B2 | Fang-Kuei Li | 34 | |
51 | to sit | *naŋ B2 | Fang-Kuei Li | 65 | |
177 | this | *nii C2 | Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *i-ni | 1 | |
97 | bird | *nokD2S | Fang-Kuei Li; PMP *manuk | 1 | |
18 | breast | *nom A2 | Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *nunu/*susu ? | 40 | |
154 | short | *nɔɔi C2 | Fang-Kuei Li | ||
48 | to sleep | *nɔɔn A2 | Fang-Kuei Li | 66 | |
49 | to lie down | *nɔɔn A2 | Fang-Kuei Li; same as "to sleep" | 56 | |
103 | meat/flesh | *nɯə C2 | 60 | ||
30 | mouth | *paak DL2 | PMP *baqbaq ? | 1 | |
209 | One Hundred | *paak DL2 | Chinese | ||
134 | thunder | *phliə A1 | Fang-Kuei Li, PAN *deʀuŋ ? | ||
169 | year | *pi A1 | 52 | ||
100 | wing | *pik DL2 | PMP *kapak?? | 55 | |
172 | to climb | *pin A4 | |||
111 | fish | *pla A2 | 64 | ||
84 | to plant | *pluuk DL2 | PAN *mula ? | 16 | |
204 | Eight | *pɛt DL2 | Middle Chinese: pat | ||
35 | to vomit | *raak DL4 | PAN *utaq ? | 1 | |
115 | root | *raak DL4 | PAN *ʀameC / PMP *uʀat ? | 31 | |
165 | bad, evil | *raay C4 | PAN *kuya ? | 56 | |
185 | we | *raw A4 | |||
155 | long | *ri A4 | 65 | ||
210 | One Thousand | *riŋ A4 | Chinese ? | ||
134 | thunder | *riə A1 | Fang-Kuei Li, PAN *deʀuŋ ? | ||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *ru C4 | PAN *bajaq ? | 57 | |
61 | house | *rɯan A4 | PAN *ʀumaq ? | 46 | |
199 | Three | *saam A1 | Middle Chinese: sam | ||
16 | intestines | *say C1 | *not* PAN *Cinaqi | ||
200 | Four | *si B1 | Middle Chinese: si | ||
206 | Ten | *sip DS1 | Middle Chinese: zjep | ||
186 | you | *su A1 | 1 | ||
198 | Two | *sɔŋ A1 | Tai form; PAN *duSa ? | ||
45 | eye | *ta A2 | PAN *maCa | 1 | |
75 | to die, be dead | *taay A2 | PAN *m-aCay | 1 | |
93 | to pound, beat | *tam A2 | 26 | ||
17 | liver | *tap DS2 | PAN *qaCay ? | 37 | |
78 | to cut, hack | *tat DS2 | PAN *taʀaq ? | 1 | |
176 | below | *taɯ A2 | also means "south" | 50? | |
162 | old | *thaw C1 | PAN *ma-tuqaS ? | 94 | |
79 | stick/wood | *thu B1 | PAN *kaSiw ? | ||
4 | leg/foot | *tin A2 | 12 | ||
95 | to fall | *tɔk DS2 | 76 | ||
128 | sky | *va C4 | 48 | ||
31 | tooth | *van A2 | Fang-Kuei Li; PAN *nipen ? | 1 | |
143 | fire | *vay A4 | PAN *Sapuy ? | 1 | |
64 | to say | *wa B4 | PMP *kaʀi ? | ||
168 | day | *wan A4 | PAN *qalejaw ? | 41 | |
207 | Twenty | *zaaw A4 | North Siamese form | ||
121 | sand | *zaay A4 | PAN *qenay ? | ||
2 | left | *zaay C4 | PAN *ka-wiʀi ? | 46 | |
171 | to hide | *zɔŋ B4 | |||
91 | to buy | *zɯ C4 | PAN *beli / *baliw ? | 37 | |
44 | to hear | *ñin A4 | PAN *tumaNa / PMP *deŋeʀ ? | 33 | |
55 | woman/female | *ñiŋ A4 | 60 | ||
109 | mosquito | *ñuŋ A4 | 58 | ||
70 | to shoot | *ñɯ A4 | PAN *panaq ? | 29 | |
106 | snake | *ŋu A4 | 50 | ||
86 | to grow | *ŋɔk DL4 | |||
54 | man/male | *ǰaay A4 | PAN *ma-ʀuqaNay / PMP *laki ? | 55 | |
63 | name | *ǰɯ B4 | PAN *ŋajan ? | 30 | |
65 | rope | *ǰɯak DL4 | 37 | ||
36 | to spit | *ɣaay A4 | PMP *luzaq ? | 67 | |
81 | sharp | *ɣom A3 | PAN *Cazem ? | 1 | |
145 | smoke | *ɣwan A4 | 54 | ||
25 | neck | *ɣɔ A4 | 52 | ||
167 | night | *ɣɯn A4 | PAN *beʀŋi ? | 51 | |
196 | to count | *ʔaan B3 | compare Tagalog "bílaŋ" | 52 | |
161 | shy, ashamed | *ʔaay A3 | PAN *ma-Siaq ? | 1 | |
19 | shoulder | *ʔba B3 | PAN *qabaʀa ? | 1 | |
156 | thin | *ʔbaaŋ A3 | 39 | ||
114 | leaf | *ʔbaɯ A3 | PAN *biʀaq ? | 64 | |
101 | to fly | *ʔbin A3 | 54 | ||
116 | flower | *ʔblɔk DL3 | compare Tagalog "bulaklák" | 22 | |
129 | moon | *ʔblɯan A3 | PAN *bulaN | 1 | |
130 | star | *ʔdaaw A3 | 1 | ||
147 | black | *ʔdam A3 | PMP *ma-qitem ? | 1 | |
27 | nose | *ʔdaŋ C3 | PAN *mujiŋ / PMP *ijuŋ ? | 1 | |
56 | child | *ʔdek DS3 | PAN *aNak | 42 | |
164 | good | *ʔdi A3 | 87 | ||
119 | earth/soil | *ʔdin A3 | PAN *daʀeq / PMP *tanaq ? | 56 | |
29 | to sniff, smell | *ʔdom A3 | |||
127 | woods/forest | *ʔdoŋ A3 | |||
15 | bone | *ʔduuk DL3 | PAN *CuqelaN ? | 1? | |
42 | to suck | *ʔduut DL3 | 39 | ||
149 | red | *ʔdɛŋ A3 | PAN *ma-taNah / PMP *ma-iʀaq ? | 67 | |
70 | to shoot | *ʔnɯ | PAN *panaq ? | 29 | |
138 | warm | *ʔun B3 | Chinese ? | 69 | |
190 | other | *ʔɯn B3 | PAN *duma ? |