Language: Proto-Tai
Source/Author: | Pittayawat Pittayaporn |
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Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: kamt1241 |
Notes: | Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. 2009. Phonology of Proto-Tai. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Linguistics, Cornell University. Proto-Tai is ancestral to the Northern Tai, Central Tai, and Southwestern Tai branches of the Tai-Kadai family. The Proto-Tai tones are: *A: level & modal *B: rising & creaky *C: falling & glottal constriction *D: rising Proto-Austronesian reconstructions are from Pittayaporn's dissertation. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: |
Statistics: |
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Classification: | Tai-Kadai:Kam-Tai:Be-Tai:Tai-Sek:Tai |
Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
- Ethnologue/World Atlas of Language Structures Information is not available
- [Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 13 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Changed from "*so:ŋ A", source: Yoshiyuki Kotani (Word 198) - Simon Greenhill (2013-01-13 23:46:30)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 24) - Simon Greenhill (2011-05-19 11:54:06)
- Changed from "*pi:n fA", fixing typo (Word 172) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:22:15)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | hand | *mwɯ: A | 1 | ||
2 | left | ||||
3 | right | ||||
4 | leg/foot | *p.qa: A | leg, foot - PAN *paqa 'thigh' | 42 | |
4 | leg/foot | *ti:n A | 12 | ||
5 | to walk | *pra:j C | 54 | ||
6 | road/path | *ʰrwɤn A | 27 | ||
7 | to come | *ʰma: A | 1 | ||
7 | to come | *C̬.tɤŋ A | to arrive -PAN *dateŋ | 4 | |
8 | to turn | ||||
9 | to swim | *lo:j A | 64 | ||
10 | dirty | ||||
11 | dust | ||||
12 | skin | *ʰnaŋ A | 56 | ||
13 | back | *ʰlaŋ A | 66 | ||
14 | belly | *dwu:ŋ C | 47 | ||
15 | bone | *C̥.duk D | 1? | ||
16 | intestines | *saj C | 48 | ||
17 | liver | *tap D | 1? | ||
18 | breast | ||||
19 | shoulder | *C̥.ba: B | PAN *qabáɣa | 1 | |
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *rɯ:w C | 57 | ||
21 | to think | ||||
22 | to fear | *ʰla:w A | PAN *talaw | 43 | |
22 | to fear | *ja:n C | |||
23 | blood | *lɯət D | 28 | ||
24 | head | *kraw C | 1 | ||
24 | head | *truə A | 23 | ||
25 | neck | *ɣo: A | 52 | ||
26 | hair | *prɤm A | 47 | ||
27 | nose | *ɗaŋ A | 1 | ||
28 | to breathe | ||||
29 | to sniff, smell | *ɗɤm A | 39 | ||
30 | mouth | *pa:k D | 1? | ||
31 | tooth | *wan A | 1 | ||
32 | tongue | *li:n C | 36 | ||
33 | to laugh | *krɯəw A | 72 | ||
34 | to cry | *t.haj C | to weep, PAN *táŋic | 49 | |
35 | to vomit | *rwɯək D | 1 | ||
36 | to spit | ||||
37 | to eat | *kɯɲ A | 1 | ||
38 | to chew | *giəw C | 41 | ||
39 | to cook | *truŋ A | 66 | ||
40 | to drink | ||||
41 | to bite | *kat D | to take a bite | 1 | |
41 | to bite | *C̬.qɤp D | to bite | 29 | |
42 | to suck | ||||
43 | ear | *krwɯ: A | 8 | ||
44 | to hear | *ŋin A | 33 | ||
45 | eye | *p.ta: A | PAN *matá | 1 | |
46 | to see | *tran A | 67 | ||
47 | to yawn | *ʰra:w A | 17 | ||
48 | to sleep | *nwɯ:n A | 66 | ||
49 | to lie down | *nwɯ:n A | 56 | ||
50 | to dream | *hwan A | 8 | ||
51 | to sit | *naŋ B | 65 | ||
52 | to stand | *C̥.ɟɯ:n A | 46 | ||
53 | person/human being | *ɢwɯn A | 32 | ||
54 | man/male | *ʑa:j A | 55 | ||
55 | woman/female | *na:ŋ A | lady | 60 | |
56 | child | *lɯ:k D | child (offspring) | 1 | |
56 | child | *ɗek D | child (young person) | 42 | |
57 | husband | ||||
58 | wife | *miə A | 44 | ||
59 | mother | *me: B | 39 | ||
60 | father | *bo: B | 26 | ||
61 | house | *rɤ:n A | PAN *ɣumaq ? | 46 | |
62 | thatch/roof | ||||
63 | name | *ɟɤ: B | 30? | ||
64 | to say | ||||
65 | rope | *ɟɤ:k | rope, cord | 37 | |
66 | to tie up, fasten | *cm̩.ruk D | |||
67 | to sew | *ɲep D | 29 | ||
68 | needle | *qem A | 25 | ||
69 | to hunt | *p.raw B | |||
70 | to shoot | *ɲɯŋ A | 29 | ||
70 | to shoot | *ʰnwɯə C | crossbow, PAN *panaq | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | ||||
72 | to hit | ||||
73 | to steal | *C̬.lak D | 34 | ||
74 | to kill | *qa: C | 38 | ||
75 | to die, be dead | *p.ta:j A | PAN *matáy | 1 | |
76 | to live, be alive | *C̥.dip D | raw, not ripe; PAN *qudip | 1 | |
77 | to scratch | *kaw A | 1 | ||
78 | to cut, hack | *tac D | 91? | ||
79 | stick/wood | ||||
80 | to split | ||||
81 | sharp | ||||
82 | dull, blunt | ||||
83 | to work | ||||
84 | to plant | *plwɯ:k D | 16 | ||
84 | to plant | *t.nam A | to transplant, < PAN *taɬem | 2 | |
85 | to choose | *kep D | to pick | ||
86 | to grow | *ʰma: C | to grow, to rise | 26 | |
87 | to swell | *gaɰ B | adjective: swollen | 53 | |
88 | to squeeze | *gal C | 56 | ||
89 | to hold | ||||
90 | to dig | ||||
91 | to buy | *z.ɟɯ: C | 37 | ||
92 | to open, uncover | *ʔa: C | to open the mouth | 44 | |
93 | to pound, beat | *tam A | 26 | ||
93 | to pound, beat | *zo:m C | to pound rice | ||
94 | to throw | ||||
95 | to fall | *tok D | to drop | 76 | |
96 | dog | *ʰma: A | 61 | ||
97 | bird | *C̬.nok D | PAN *manúk 'bird' | 1 | |
98 | egg | *qraj | no tone given | 41 | |
99 | feather | *q.pɯl A | 1? | ||
100 | wing | *pi:k D | 55 | ||
101 | to fly | *ɓil A | 53 | ||
102 | rat | *ʰnu: A | 59 | ||
103 | meat/flesh | *n.mɤ: C | |||
104 | fat/grease | *man A | 1? | ||
105 | tail | *trwɤ:ŋ A | 53 | ||
106 | snake | *ŋwɯ: A | 50 | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | *ʰno:l A | worm | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | *t.nɯəlA | earthworm | ||
108 | louse | *traw A | head louse | 1 | |
108 | louse | *m.lel A | body louse | 24 | |
109 | mosquito | *ɲuŋ A | 58 | ||
110 | spider | *krwa:w A | 51 | ||
111 | fish | *pla: A | 64 | ||
112 | rotten | *naw B | 34 | ||
113 | branch | ||||
114 | leaf | *ɓaɰ A | 2? | ||
115 | root | *C̬.ra:k D | 31 | ||
116 | flower | *ɓlo:k D | 22 | ||
117 | fruit | *ʰma:k D | 24 | ||
118 | grass | *ʰɲɯə C | 44 | ||
119 | earth/soil | *ɗin | 56 | ||
120 | stone | *tri:l A | 29 | ||
121 | sand | *zwɯəj A | |||
122 | water | *C̬.nam C | PAN *daɬúm | 1 | |
123 | to flow | *ʰlwaj A | 43 | ||
124 | sea | ||||
125 | salt | *klwɯə A | 21 | ||
126 | lake | ||||
127 | woods/forest | *ɗoŋ A | 72 | ||
128 | sky | *va: C | sky, weather | 48? | |
128 | sky | *ɓɯn A | sky, heaven | 51 | |
129 | moon | *ɓlɯən A | moon, month | 1 | |
130 | star | *t.na:w A | |||
131 | cloud | *ʰwɯə C | 73 | ||
132 | fog | *ʰmo:k D | 53 | ||
133 | rain | *C̥.wɯn A | 37 | ||
134 | thunder | *pra: C | 60 | ||
135 | lightning | *m.le:p D | 55 | ||
136 | wind | *C̬.lɯm A | 63 | ||
137 | to blow | *pow B | with mouth | 54 | |
138 | warm | *ʔun B | 69 | ||
139 | cold | ||||
140 | dry | *χaɰ B | dry | 83 | |
140 | dry | *ʰre:ŋC | dried up | 79 | |
141 | wet | *dom A | 59? | ||
142 | heavy | *ʰnak D | 42 | ||
143 | fire | *wɤj A | PAN *sehapúy | 1 | |
144 | to burn | *praw A | 65 | ||
145 | smoke | *ɣwan A | 55 | ||
146 | ash | *daw B | 43 | ||
147 | black | *C̥.dam A | PAN *tidem | 1 | |
148 | white | *xa:w A | 64 | ||
149 | red | *C̥.dwi:ŋ A | 63 | ||
150 | yellow | *ʰlɯəŋ A | 56 | ||
151 | green | *xiəw A | 50 | ||
152 | small | *no:j C | 73 | ||
153 | big | *ʰluəŋ A | 58 | ||
153 | big | *ɓɯ:k D | rare | 62 | |
154 | short | *tin B | 64 | ||
155 | long | *rɯj A | 65 | ||
156 | thin | *C̥.ba:ŋ A | 39 | ||
157 | thick | *ʰna: A | 47 | ||
158 | narrow | *gap D | 46? | ||
159 | wide | ||||
160 | painful, sick | *k.raj | illness, fever | 122 | |
160 | painful, sick | *q.wat D | cold/flu | ||
161 | shy, ashamed | ||||
162 | old | *ke: B | 92 | ||
163 | new | *ʰmɤ:l B | 34 | ||
164 | good | *ɗɤj A | 87 | ||
165 | bad, evil | *rwɤ:j C | 56 | ||
166 | correct, true | ||||
167 | night | *ɣɯ:n A | 51 | ||
168 | day | *ŋwan A | daytime | 41? | |
168 | day | *mwɯ: C | day (period) | 42 | |
169 | year | *pi: A | 52 | ||
170 | when? | ||||
171 | to hide | ||||
172 | to climb | *pi:n A | 27 | ||
173 | at | ||||
174 | in, inside | *C̥.daɰ A | 36 | ||
175 | above | *ʰnɯə A | upstream, above | 34 | |
176 | below | *taɰ C | downsteam, below | 50 | |
177 | this | *naj C | 1 | ||
178 | that | ||||
179 | near | *k.raɰ C | 72 | ||
180 | far | *k.laj A | 54 | ||
181 | where? | ||||
182 | I | *ku: A | weak | 1 | |
182 | I | *kaw A | strong | 1 | |
183 | thou | *mɯŋ A | weak | 1 | |
183 | thou | *maɰ A | strong | 1 | |
184 | he/she | *mɯn A | weak | ||
184 | he/she | *man A | strong | 22 | |
185 | we | *raw A | 11 | ||
186 | you | ||||
187 | they | ||||
188 | what? | ||||
189 | who? | ||||
190 | other | *ʔɯ:n B | 39 | ||
191 | all | *daŋ A | 53 | ||
192 | and | *kap D | with, and | 44 | |
193 | if | ||||
194 | how? | ||||
195 | no, not | *mi: A | weak | 81 | |
195 | no, not | *ɓaw B | strong 1 | 80 | |
195 | no, not | *bo: B | strong 2 | 80 | |
196 | to count | *nap D | 54 | ||
197 | One | *nɯ:ŋ B | 35 | ||
198 | Two | *so:ŋ A | PAN *duSa ? 双 (not dusa, chinese loan - LS) | L | |
199 | Three | *sa:m | Chinese | L | |
200 | Four | *si: B | Chinese | L | |
201 | Five | *ha: C | Chinese | L | |
202 | Six | *krok D | Chinese | L | |
203 | Seven | *cet D | Chinese | L | |
204 | Eight | *pe:t D | Chinese | L | |
205 | Nine | *kɤw C | Chinese | L | |
206 | Ten | ||||
207 | Twenty | ||||
208 | Fifty | ||||
209 | One Hundred | *ro:j C | 33 | ||
210 | One Thousand |