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Language: Proto-Tai

Source/Author:  Pittayawat Pittayaporn 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:  Glottocode: kamt1241 
Notes:  Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. 2009. Phonology of Proto-Tai. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Linguistics, Cornell University.

Proto-Tai is ancestral to the Northern Tai, Central Tai, and Southwestern Tai branches of the Tai-Kadai family.

The Proto-Tai tones are:
*A: level & modal
*B: rising & creaky
*C: falling & glottal constriction
*D: rising

Proto-Austronesian reconstructions are from Pittayaporn's dissertation. 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu  Checked By:  
Statistics: 
  • Total Data: 185
  • Number of Retentions:
  • Number of Loans: 8
 
Classification:  Tai-Kadai:Kam-Tai:Be-Tai:Tai-Sek:Tai 
Map  Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. 

Resources:

Change History:

Showing 3 of 13 entries. Show ALL logged changes

Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
2 left      
3 right      
8 to turn word info      
10 dirty      
11 dust      
18 breast      
21 to think      
28 to breathe      
36 to spit      
40 to drink      
42 to suck      
57 husband      
62 thatch/roof      
64 to say      
71 to stab, pierce      
72 to hit word info      
79 stick/wood      
80 to split word info      
81 sharp      
82 dull, blunt      
83 to work word info      
89 to hold word info      
90 to dig      
94 to throw word info      
113 branch word info      
124 sea      
126 lake      
139 cold word info      
159 wide      
161 shy, ashamed      
166 correct, true      
170 when? word info      
171 to hide word info      
173 at      
178 that      
181 where? word info      
186 you      
187 they      
188 what? word info      
189 who? word info      
193 if      
194 how? word info      
206 Ten word info      
207 Twenty word info      
208 Fifty word info      
210 One Thousand word info      
1 hand *mwɯ: A   1  
4 leg/foot *ti:n A   12  
5 to walk *pra:j C   54  
6 road/path *ʰrwɤn A   27  
7 to come *ʰma: A   1  
9 to swim *lo:j A   64  
12 skin *ʰnaŋ A   56  
13 back word info *ʰlaŋ A   66  
14 belly *dwu:ŋ C   47  
15 bone *C̥.duk D   1?  
16 intestines *saj C   48  
17 liver *tap D   1?  
20 to know, be knowledgeable *rɯ:w C   57  
22 to fear *ja:n C      
23 blood *lɯət D   28  
24 head *kraw C   1  
24 head *truə A   23  
25 neck *ɣo: A   52  
26 hair word info *prɤm A   47  
27 nose *ɗaŋ A   1  
29 to sniff, smell *ɗɤm A   39  
30 mouth *pa:k D   1?  
31 tooth *wan A   1  
32 tongue *li:n C   36  
33 to laugh *krɯəw A   72  
35 to vomit *rwɯək D   1  
37 to eat *kɯɲ A   1  
38 to chew word info *giəw C   41  
39 to cook word info *truŋ A   66  
43 ear *krwɯ: A   8  
44 to hear *ŋin A   33  
46 to see *tran A   67  
47 to yawn *ʰra:w A   17  
48 to sleep *nwɯ:n A   66  
49 to lie down word info *nwɯ:n A   56  
50 to dream *hwan A   8  
51 to sit *naŋ B   65  
52 to stand *C̥.ɟɯ:n A   46  
53 person/human being *ɢwɯn A   32  
54 man/male *ʑa:j A   55  
58 wife *miə A   44  
59 mother *me: B   39  
60 father *bo: B   26  
63 name *ɟɤ: B   30?  
66 to tie up, fasten *cm̩.ruk D      
67 to sew word info *ɲep D   29  
68 needle *qem A   25  
69 to hunt word info *p.raw B      
70 to shoot word info *ɲɯŋ A   29  
73 to steal *C̬.lak D   34  
74 to kill *qa: C   38  
77 to scratch word info *kaw A   1  
78 to cut, hack word info *tac D   91?  
84 to plant *plwɯ:k D   16  
88 to squeeze word info *gal C   56  
91 to buy *z.ɟɯ: C   37  
93 to pound, beat word info *tam A   26  
96 dog *ʰma: A   61  
99 feather *q.pɯl A   1?  
100 wing *pi:k D   55  
101 to fly *ɓil A   53  
102 rat *ʰnu: A   59  
103 meat/flesh *n.mɤ: C      
104 fat/grease *man A   1?  
105 tail *trwɤ:ŋ A   53  
106 snake *ŋwɯ: A   50  
109 mosquito *ɲuŋ A   58  
110 spider *krwa:w A   51  
111 fish *pla: A   64  
112 rotten word info *naw B   34  
114 leaf *ɓaɰ A   2?  
115 root *C̬.ra:k D   31  
116 flower *ɓlo:k D   22  
117 fruit *ʰma:k D   24  
118 grass *ʰɲɯə C   44  
119 earth/soil *ɗin   56  
120 stone *tri:l A   29  
121 sand *zwɯəj A      
123 to flow *ʰlwaj A   43  
125 salt *klwɯə A   21  
127 woods/forest *ɗoŋ A   72  
130 star *t.na:w A      
131 cloud word info *ʰwɯə C   73  
132 fog *ʰmo:k D   53  
133 rain *C̥.wɯn A   37  
134 thunder *pra: C   60  
135 lightning *m.le:p D   55  
136 wind *C̬.lɯm A   63  
138 warm word info *ʔun B   69  
141 wet *dom A   59?  
142 heavy *ʰnak D   42  
144 to burn word info *praw A   65  
145 smoke word info *ɣwan A   55  
146 ash *daw B   43  
148 white *xa:w A   64  
149 red *C̥.dwi:ŋ A   63  
150 yellow *ʰlɯəŋ A   56  
151 green *xiəw A   50  
152 small *no:j C   73  
153 big *ʰluəŋ A   58  
154 short word info *tin B   64  
155 long word info *rɯj A   65  
156 thin word info *C̥.ba:ŋ A   39  
157 thick word info *ʰna: A   47  
158 narrow *gap D   46?  
162 old word info *ke: B   92  
163 new *ʰmɤ:l B   34  
164 good *ɗɤj A   87  
165 bad, evil *rwɤ:j C   56  
167 night *ɣɯ:n A   51  
169 year *pi: A   52  
172 to climb word info *pi:n A   27  
174 in, inside *C̥.daɰ A   36  
177 this *naj C   1  
179 near *k.raɰ C   72  
180 far *k.laj A   54  
185 we word info *raw A   11  
190 other *ʔɯ:n B   39  
191 all *daŋ A   53  
196 to count *nap D   54  
197 One word info *nɯ:ŋ B   35  
209 One Hundred word info *ro:j C   33  
87 to swell word info *gaɰ B adjective: swollen 53  
108 louse word info *m.lel A body louse 24  
56 child *lɯ:k D child (offspring) 1  
56 child *ɗek D child (young person) 42  
199 Three word info *sa:m Chinese   L
200 Four word info *si: B Chinese   L
201 Five word info *ha: C Chinese   L
202 Six word info *krok D Chinese   L
203 Seven word info *cet D Chinese   L
204 Eight word info *pe:t D Chinese   L
205 Nine word info *kɤw C Chinese   L
160 painful, sick *q.wat D cold/flu    
70 to shoot word info *ʰnwɯə C crossbow, PAN *panaq    
168 day *mwɯ: C day (period) 42  
168 day *ŋwan A daytime 41?  
176 below *taɰ C downsteam, below 50  
140 dry word info *ʰre:ŋC dried up 79  
140 dry word info *χaɰ B dry 83  
107 worm (earthworm) *t.nɯəlA earthworm    
108 louse word info *traw A head louse 1  
160 painful, sick *k.raj illness, fever 122  
55 woman/female *na:ŋ A lady 60  
4 leg/foot *p.qa: A leg, foot - PAN *paqa 'thigh' 42  
129 moon *ɓlɯən A moon, month 1  
98 egg *qraj no tone given 41  
122 water word info *C̬.nam C PAN *daɬúm 1  
198 Two word info *so:ŋ A PAN *duSa ? 双 (not dusa, chinese loan - LS)   L
61 house *rɤ:n A PAN *ɣumaq ? 46  
97 bird *C̬.nok D PAN *manúk 'bird' 1  
45 eye *p.ta: A PAN *matá 1  
75 to die, be dead *p.ta:j A PAN *matáy 1  
19 shoulder *C̥.ba: B PAN *qabáɣa 1  
143 fire *wɤj A PAN *sehapúy 1  
22 to fear *ʰla:w A PAN *talaw 43  
147 black *C̥.dam A PAN *tidem 1  
153 big *ɓɯ:k D rare 62  
76 to live, be alive *C̥.dip D raw, not ripe; PAN *qudip 1  
65 rope *ɟɤ:k rope, cord 37  
128 sky *ɓɯn A sky, heaven 51  
128 sky *va: C sky, weather 48?  
182 I *kaw A strong 1  
183 thou *maɰ A strong 1  
184 he/she *man A strong 22  
195 no, not *ɓaw B strong 1 80  
195 no, not *bo: B strong 2 80  
7 to come *C̬.tɤŋ A to arrive -PAN *dateŋ 4  
41 to bite *C̬.qɤp D to bite 29  
95 to fall word info *tok D to drop 76  
86 to grow word info *ʰma: C to grow, to rise 26  
92 to open, uncover *ʔa: C to open the mouth 44  
85 to choose *kep D to pick    
93 to pound, beat word info *zo:m C to pound rice    
41 to bite *kat D to take a bite 1  
84 to plant *t.nam A to transplant, < PAN *taɬem 2  
34 to cry *t.haj C to weep, PAN *táŋic 49  
175 above *ʰnɯə A upstream, above 34  
182 I *ku: A weak 1  
183 thou *mɯŋ A weak 1  
184 he/she *mɯn A weak    
195 no, not *mi: A weak 81  
137 to blow word info *pow B with mouth 54  
192 and *kap D with, and 44  
107 worm (earthworm) *ʰno:l A worm    

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