Language: Proto-Rukai
Source/Author: | Paul Jen-kuei Li |
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: ruka1240 |
Notes: | Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1977. "The Internal Relationships of Rukai." In Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 2004. Selected Papers on Formosan Languages. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
|
Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: |
Statistics: |
-
Total Data: 153
- Number of Retentions:
- Number of Loans: 1
|
Classification: | Austronesian:Rukai |
Map | |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing 3 of 6 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2021-07-03 06:16:22)
- Changed "classification" from "Austronesian, Formosan, Rukai" - Emily Gasser (2015-08-05 16:02:43)
- Changed from "*maicəɭəŋə" (Word 147) - Emily Gasser (2015-07-22 22:59:33)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
175 |
above |
*ɖaða |
|
41 |
|
191 |
all |
|
|
|
|
192 |
and |
*si |
|
49 |
|
146 |
ash |
*abo |
|
1 |
|
173 |
at |
|
|
|
|
13 |
back
|
*ɖəɭəkə |
|
71 |
|
165 |
bad, evil |
|
|
|
|
14 |
belly |
*baraŋə |
|
67 |
|
14 |
belly |
*bicoka |
stomach |
68 |
|
176 |
below |
*ɭaoɖo |
|
|
|
153 |
big |
*maɖaw |
|
33 |
|
97 |
bird |
*aðamə |
|
2 |
|
147 |
black |
*maicəɭəŋə |
metathesis |
2 |
|
23 |
blood |
|
|
|
|
15 |
bone |
|
|
|
|
113 |
branch
|
*pilaka |
|
38 |
|
18 |
breast |
*θoθo |
|
1 |
|
56 |
child |
*valakə |
generic |
1, 86 |
|
56 |
child |
*ɭolay |
child, baby |
20 |
|
131 |
cloud
|
|
|
|
|
139 |
cold
|
*makəcəɭə |
|
2 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
|
|
|
|
168 |
day |
*vaʔi |
sun |
17 |
|
10 |
dirty |
*makoɖoɭo |
|
91 |
|
96 |
dog |
|
|
|
|
140 |
dry
|
|
|
|
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
|
|
|
|
11 |
dust |
|
|
|
|
43 |
ear |
*caɭiŋa |
|
1 |
|
119 |
earth/soil |
*daʔə |
|
30 |
|
98 |
egg |
|
|
|
|
204 |
Eight
|
*vaɭo |
|
3 |
|
45 |
eye |
*maca |
|
1 |
|
180 |
far |
|
|
|
|
104 |
fat/grease |
*simaʔa |
|
2 |
|
60 |
father |
*ama |
|
1 |
|
99 |
feather |
*ɭomo |
feather |
28 |
|
99 |
feather |
*obalə |
body hair |
|
|
208 |
Fifty
|
|
|
|
|
143 |
fire |
*apoy |
|
1 |
|
111 |
fish |
*kaʔaŋə |
|
3 |
|
201 |
Five
|
*ɭima |
|
1 |
|
116 |
flower |
|
|
|
|
132 |
fog |
|
|
|
|
200 |
Four
|
*səpatə |
|
1 |
|
117 |
fruit |
*maɖo |
|
2 |
|
164 |
good |
|
|
|
|
118 |
grass |
|
|
|
|
151 |
green |
|
|
|
|
26 |
hair
|
*isiw |
|
50 |
|
1 |
hand |
*aɭima |
|
1 |
|
184 |
he/she |
|
|
|
|
24 |
head |
*aoɭo |
|
1 |
|
142 |
heavy |
|
|
|
|
61 |
house |
*daʔanə |
|
41 |
|
194 |
how?
|
|
|
|
|
57 |
husband |
*palaŋə |
spouse |
87 |
|
182 |
I |
*ka-li |
|
|
|
193 |
if |
|
|
|
|
174 |
in, inside |
*ʔaɖiŋi |
|
38 |
|
16 |
intestines |
*boro |
|
53 |
|
126 |
lake |
*baðo |
|
30 |
|
114 |
leaf |
*sopoŋo |
|
|
|
2 |
left |
*viri |
|
1 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
*ɖapalə |
foot |
55 |
|
135 |
lightning |
*ɭikacə |
|
89 |
|
17 |
liver |
*aθay |
L from Rukai? -EG |
1 |
L |
155 |
long
|
|
|
|
|
108 |
louse
|
*koco |
|
1 |
|
54 |
man/male |
*saʔovalay |
(?) |
1, 108 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
*boatə |
|
37 |
|
129 |
moon |
*ɖamarə |
|
25 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
|
|
|
|
59 |
mother |
*ina |
|
1 |
|
30 |
mouth |
*ŋodoy |
|
71 |
|
63 |
name |
|
|
|
|
158 |
narrow |
|
|
|
|
179 |
near |
|
|
|
|
25 |
neck |
*ɭəʔə |
|
1 |
|
68 |
needle |
*inəmay |
|
22 |
|
163 |
new |
*baʔoanə |
|
1 |
|
167 |
night |
*maoŋo |
|
2 |
|
167 |
night |
*ʔwaobo |
evening |
|
|
205 |
Nine
|
*baŋatə |
|
8 |
|
195 |
no, not |
*ini |
no |
3 |
|
195 |
no, not |
*kay |
not |
86 |
|
27 |
nose |
*ŋoŋoʔanə |
|
47 |
|
162 |
old
|
*ma-roɖaŋə |
|
130 |
|
197 |
One
|
*əa |
|
1? |
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
*iday |
|
1 |
|
210 |
One Thousand
|
*koɖolo |
|
7 |
|
190 |
other |
|
|
|
|
160 |
painful, sick |
*macaʔə́mə |
|
3 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
|
|
|
|
133 |
rain |
*odalə |
|
1 |
|
102 |
rat |
*koɭabaw |
|
1 |
|
149 |
red |
|
|
|
|
3 |
right |
*vanalə |
|
1 |
|
6 |
road/path |
*daɭanə |
|
1 |
|
115 |
root |
|
|
|
|
65 |
rope |
|
|
|
|
112 |
rotten
|
*malaməkə |
|
80 |
|
125 |
salt |
*timo |
|
2 |
|
121 |
sand |
*ənay |
|
1 |
|
124 |
sea |
|
|
|
|
203 |
Seven
|
*pito |
|
1 |
|
81 |
sharp |
*magaraŋə |
|
41 |
|
154 |
short
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
shoulder |
*alivaɖaŋə |
|
49 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
*tabalaŋaʔanə |
also means arm |
7 |
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
*maɭomalə |
embarassed |
44 |
|
202 |
Six
|
*ənəmə |
|
1 |
|
12 |
skin |
|
|
|
|
128 |
sky |
*tabələŋanə |
|
56 |
|
152 |
small |
|
|
|
|
145 |
smoke
|
*əbəɭə |
|
1 |
|
106 |
snake |
*soɭaʔa |
|
2 |
|
110 |
spider |
*ɭavaθə |
< *(taka)lawas |
1, 75 |
|
130 |
star |
*tariaw |
|
45 |
|
79 |
stick/wood |
*okoɖo |
|
|
|
120 |
stone |
*ɭənəgə |
|
34 |
|
105 |
tail |
|
|
|
|
206 |
Ten
|
*poɭoko |
|
5 |
|
178 |
that |
|
|
|
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
*cavaɭi |
|
2 |
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
*caɭavi |
|
2 |
|
187 |
they |
|
|
|
|
157 |
thick
|
|
|
|
|
156 |
thin
|
|
|
|
|
177 |
this |
*kay |
|
30 |
|
183 |
thou |
|
|
|
|
199 |
Three
|
*toɭo |
|
1 |
|
134 |
thunder |
*ɖərə |
|
4 |
|
41 |
to bite |
*kaʔacə |
|
1 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
*ʔipi |
|
1 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
*niakə |
noun: breath |
59 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
*oa-laobo |
|
78 |
|
91 |
to buy |
*laŋay |
also means "to sell" |
40 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
*oa-apoʔo |
|
50 |
|
85 |
to choose |
*piɭi |
|
1 |
|
172 |
to climb
|
*mo-bələŋə |
|
|
|
7 |
to come |
*kəla |
to arrive |
39 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
*madoʔo |
adjective: cooked |
|
|
196 |
to count |
*oa-asipi |
|
3 |
|
34 |
to cry |
*tobi |
|
54 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*kəʔətə |
|
21 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*ŋotoʔo |
|
|
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*gəɭəgəɭə |
|
|
|
75 |
to die, be dead |
*pacay |
|
1 |
|
90 |
to dig |
|
|
|
|
50 |
to dream |
*sipi |
|
1 |
|
40 |
to drink |
*ʔoŋolo |
|
45 |
|
37 |
to eat |
*kanə |
|
1 |
|
95 |
to fall
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
to fear |
*koloɖo |
fear / afraid |
57 |
|
123 |
to flow |
*moaloɖo |
|
25 |
|
101 |
to fly |
*ʔan-palay |
|
49 |
|
101 |
to fly |
*ŋi-palay |
|
49 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
to hear |
*-laɭa |
|
52 |
|
171 |
to hide
|
*ki-a-ləpəŋə |
to hide someone |
|
|
171 |
to hide
|
*balay |
to hide something |
|
|
72 |
to hit
|
*sətiti |
|
76 |
|
89 |
to hold
|
*oa-gəməgəmə |
|
1 |
|
69 |
to hunt
|
|
|
|
|
74 |
to kill |
|
|
|
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
|
|
|
|
33 |
to laugh |
|
|
|
|
49 |
to lie down
|
|
|
|
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
*m-oɖipi |
|
1 |
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
|
|
|
|
84 |
to plant |
|
|
|
|
93 |
to pound, beat
|
*si-a-ɭibóʔo |
|
34 |
|
64 |
to say |
|
|
|
|
77 |
to scratch
|
*gacəgacə |
|
62 |
|
46 |
to see |
|
|
|
|
67 |
to sew
|
*tinono |
to weave |
|
|
70 |
to shoot
|
*pana |
|
1 |
|
51 |
to sit |
|
|
|
|
48 |
to sleep |
*ʔapəcə |
|
77 |
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
*sabaɭi |
|
3 |
|
36 |
to spit |
*so-ŋaɭay |
|
3 |
|
80 |
to split
|
*bocoko |
|
67 |
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
*oa-pəʔə |
|
1 |
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
|
|
|
|
52 |
to stand |
*ʔidiʔi |
|
1 |
|
73 |
to steal |
*kiʔopa |
|
37 |
|
42 |
to suck |
*θəpəθəpə |
|
1 |
|
87 |
to swell
|
*baɭakə |
|
46 |
|
87 |
to swell
|
*simakə |
|
|
|
9 |
to swim |
*laŋoy |
|
1 |
|
21 |
to think |
*ki-ɖəmə-ɖəmə |
|
13, 58 |
|
94 |
to throw
|
*dokoɭo |
|
61 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
*ərəcə |
|
71 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
*poko |
|
|
|
8 |
to turn
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
to vomit |
*ʔota |
|
1 |
|
5 |
to walk |
*davacə |
|
23 |
|
5 |
to walk |
*moa |
to go, from PAN *m-uSa |
|
|
83 |
to work
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
to yawn |
*ma-swabə |
|
19 |
|
32 |
tongue |
*ɭidamə |
|
3 |
|
31 |
tooth |
*valisi |
|
2 |
|
207 |
Twenty
|
*ma-posa-lə |
|
1 |
|
198 |
Two
|
*ɖosa |
|
1 |
|
138 |
warm
|
|
|
|
|
122 |
water
|
*acilay |
|
46 |
|
185 |
we
|
|
|
|
|
141 |
wet |
|
|
|
|
188 |
what?
|
|
|
|
|
170 |
when?
|
|
|
|
|
181 |
where?
|
|
|
|
|
148 |
white |
*ma-poli |
|
111 |
|
189 |
who?
|
|
|
|
|
159 |
wide |
|
|
|
|
58 |
wife |
*palaŋə |
spouse |
84 |
|
136 |
wind |
|
|
|
|
100 |
wing |
*pakəpakə |
|
33 |
|
55 |
woman/female |
*abay |
|
1 |
|
127 |
woods/forest |
|
|
|
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
*ʔəkay |
|
|
|
169 |
year |
*cavili |
|
22 |
|
150 |
yellow |
|
|
|
|
186 |
you |
|
|
|
|