Language: Proto-East Mindanao
| Source/Author: | Andrew Gallman |
|---|---|
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: |
| Notes: | Gallman, Andrew Franklin. 1997. Proto East Mindanao and its Internal Relationships. Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Special Monograph Issue No. 44. Manila, Philippines: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. Apostrophes signify stress, not glottal stops. Proto-forms given in Gallman (1997) are often only reconstructed for lower-level branches. PNEM = Proto-North East Mindanao (ancestral to Surigaonon, Tausug, Butuanon, Mamanwa) PCEM = Proto-Central East Mindanao (ancestral to Kamayo, Davawenyo) PSEM = Proto-South East Mindanao (ancestral to the Mansakan languages of Mansaka, Mandaya, Kalagan) |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: |
| Statistics: |
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| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Philippine |
| Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
- Ethnologue/World Atlas of Language Structures Information is not available
-
[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 6 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Changed from "*palit" (Word 91) - Simon Greenhill (2022-05-26 02:53:38)
- Changed from "*ʔalima" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 17:00:02)
- Changed from "*alima" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 16:59:15)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | right | |
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| 7 | to come | |
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| 53 | person/human being | |
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| 64 | to say | |
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| 70 | to shoot
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| 72 | to hit
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| 75 | to die, be dead | |
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| 81 | sharp | |
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| 83 | to work
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| 103 | meat/flesh | |
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| 109 | mosquito | |
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| 112 | rotten
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| 118 | grass | |
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| 123 | to flow | |
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| 132 | fog | |
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| 138 | warm
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| 157 | thick
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| 158 | narrow | |
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| 161 | shy, ashamed | |
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| 166 | correct, true | |
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| 167 | night | |
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| 170 | when?
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| 173 | at | |
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| 177 | this | |
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| 184 | he/she | |
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| 187 | they | |
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| 191 | all | |
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| 192 | and | |
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| 195 | no, not | |
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| 206 | Ten
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| 208 | Fifty
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| 1 | hand | *ʔalima | PNEM, PCEM. Reid reconstruction | 1 | |
| 2 | left | *wala | 25, 68 | ||
| 4 | leg/foot | *siki | foot, lower leg | 24 | |
| 5 | to walk | *panaw | 2 | ||
| 6 | road/path | *dalan | 1 | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
*likuq | PCEM | 21 | |
| 8 | to turn
|
*birik | PCEM, PNEM | 4, 75 | |
| 9 | to swim | *laŋuy | 1 | ||
| 10 | dirty | *ripaq | 143 | ||
| 11 | dust | *abug | 53 | ||
| 12 | skin | *panit | PCEM, PNEM | 2 | |
| 13 | back
|
*likud | 1 | ||
| 14 | belly | *tiyan | PCEM, PNEM | 1 | |
| 14 | belly | *dɨbdɨb | PNEM, PSEM | 101 | |
| 15 | bone | *bɨ'kɨg | 16 | ||
| 16 | intestines | *tinaqi | 1 | ||
| 17 | liver | *atay | 1 | ||
| 18 | breast | *susu | 1 | ||
| 19 | shoulder | *abaga | 1 | ||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *tigaw | PCEM, PSEM | ||
| 21 | to think | *isip | PCEM, PNEM | 23 | |
| 21 | to think | *dɨmdɨm | thought, PNEM, PSEM | 13 | |
| 22 | to fear | *hadlɨk | |||
| 22 | to fear | *talaw | to be afraid to do something, PNEM, PSEM | 34 | |
| 23 | blood | *duguq | 1 | ||
| 24 | head | *ulu | 1 | ||
| 25 | neck | *liqɨg | 1 | ||
| 26 | hair
|
*buhuk | 1, 65 | ||
| 27 | nose | *iruŋ | 1 | ||
| 28 | to breathe | *-hawa | PNEM | 1 | |
| 29 | to sniff, smell | *simhut | PNEM | 31, 82 | |
| 30 | mouth | *baqbaq | 1 | ||
| 31 | tooth | *untu | PCEM, PSEM | 52 | |
| 32 | tongue | *dilaq | 4 | ||
| 33 | to laugh | *katawa | PCEM, PNEM | 1 | |
| 34 | to cry | *tiyahuq | PCEM | ||
| 35 | to vomit | *suka | 9 | ||
| 35 | to vomit | *digwaq | PNEM | 45 | |
| 36 | to spit | *lɨdaq | PNEM | 1 | |
| 37 | to eat | *kaqan | PCEM, PSEM | 1 | |
| 38 | to chew
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*sɨpaq | to chew something | 17 | |
| 39 | to cook
|
*lutuq | 20 | ||
| 40 | to drink | *inɨm | 1, 56 | ||
| 41 | to bite | *baŋaq | 33 | ||
| 41 | to bite | *kɨtkɨt | to gnaw | 21 | |
| 42 | to suck | *sɨpsɨp | 1 | ||
| 43 | ear | *taliŋa | 1 | ||
| 44 | to hear | *dɨŋɨg | 1 | ||
| 45 | eye | *mata | 1 | ||
| 46 | to see | *kitaq | 1 | ||
| 47 | to yawn | *sigqab | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 48 | to sleep | *turug | 1 | ||
| 49 | to lie down
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*kulaŋ | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 50 | to dream | *-inɨp | PNEM, PSEM | 30, 57 | |
| 51 | to sit | *(l)iŋkud | 45 | ||
| 52 | to stand | *(t)indɨg | 20 | ||
| 54 | man/male | *ɨsɨg | |||
| 55 | woman/female | *babayi | PCEM | 1, 105 | |
| 55 | woman/female | *bubayi | PCEM | 1, 105 | |
| 56 | child | *anak | offspring | 1 | |
| 57 | husband | *bana | 1 | ||
| 58 | wife | *asawa | 1 | ||
| 59 | mother | *inaq | 1, 76 | ||
| 60 | father | *amaq | 1, 18 | ||
| 61 | house | *balay | 14 | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | *a'tɨp | 1 | ||
| 63 | name | *ŋaran | 1 | ||
| 65 | rope | *lubid | 21 | ||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | *bɨgkɨt | 111 | ||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | *hɨkɨt | 1 | ||
| 67 | to sew
|
*tahiq | 1 | ||
| 68 | needle | *dagɨm | 1, 34 | ||
| 69 | to hunt
|
*anup | 1 | ||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | *duŋgab | |||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | *tigbak | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 73 | to steal | *kawat | 24 | ||
| 74 | to kill | *patay | 2 | ||
| 74 | to kill | *bunuq | 1 | ||
| 76 | to live, be alive | *buhiq | PCEM, PNEM | 14, 74 | |
| 77 | to scratch
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*kalut | 37, 78 | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
*tigbas | PNEM | 106 | |
| 79 | stick/wood | *kahuy | tree | 1 | |
| 80 | to split
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*bɨlaq | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 82 | dull, blunt | *dɨmpɨr | PNEM | 3 | |
| 84 | to plant | *tanɨm | 2 | ||
| 85 | to choose | *piliq | 1 | ||
| 86 | to grow
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*tubuq | PCEM, PNEM | 1 | |
| 87 | to swell
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*hubag | PCEM | 1, 72 | |
| 88 | to squeeze
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*pisgaq | |||
| 88 | to squeeze
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*kɨpɨg | PNEM | ||
| 89 | to hold
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*kaput | PCEM | 25 | |
| 90 | to dig | *kabut | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 91 | to buy | *bili | 1 | ||
| 91 | to buy | *palit | 25 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | *ukab | 28 | ||
| 92 | to open, uncover | *bukas | PSEM | 1, 63 | |
| 93 | to pound, beat
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*bayu | 1 | ||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
*bunal | 1 | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
*timbag | 34 | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
*hulug | 29 | ||
| 96 | dog | *iduq | 21 | ||
| 97 | bird | *laŋgam | PCEM, PSEM | 72 | |
| 98 | egg | *itlug | 1 | ||
| 99 | feather | *bulbul | 1, 67 | ||
| 99 | feather | *lawi | 14 | ||
| 99 | feather | *barhibu | PCEM, PNEM | 21 | |
| 100 | wing | *kapay | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 101 | to fly | *lɨpad | PNEM | 21 | |
| 102 | rat | *ambaw | 38 | ||
| 104 | fat/grease | *tabaq | 23 | ||
| 105 | tail | *ikug | 1 | ||
| 106 | snake | *halas | PNEM | 26 | |
| 106 | snake | *sawa | python | 25 | |
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | *wa'ti | earthworm | 1 | |
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | *ulud | PNEM, PSEM | 21 | |
| 108 | louse
|
*kutu | 1 | ||
| 110 | spider | *lawaq | 1 | ||
| 111 | fish | *isdaq | 18 | ||
| 113 | branch
|
*saŋa | PNEM, PSEM | 2 | |
| 114 | leaf | *dahun | 1 | ||
| 115 | root | *gamut | 3 | ||
| 116 | flower | *bulak | 22 | ||
| 116 | flower | *burak | 22 | ||
| 117 | fruit | *buŋa | 9 | ||
| 119 | earth/soil | *lupaq | 25 | ||
| 120 | stone | *batu | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | *buhaŋin | 89 | ||
| 122 | water
|
*tubig | 14 | ||
| 124 | sea | *dagat | 25 | ||
| 124 | sea | *lawɨd | 6 | ||
| 125 | salt | *a'sin | 3 | ||
| 126 | lake | *danaw | 1 | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | *guraŋan | 58 | ||
| 128 | sky | *laŋit | 1 | ||
| 129 | moon | *bulan | 1 | ||
| 130 | star | *bituqun | 1 | ||
| 131 | cloud
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*gabun | 1 | ||
| 131 | cloud
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*labun | 1, 102 | ||
| 133 | rain | *uran | 1 | ||
| 134 | thunder | *dalugdug | PNEM | 2, 48 | |
| 135 | lightning | *kilat | 1 | ||
| 136 | wind | *haŋin | PCEM, PNEM | 1 | |
| 137 | to blow
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*huyup | 1, 44 | ||
| 139 | cold
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*tignaw | cold (as of water) | 26, 115 | |
| 139 | cold
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*hagkɨt | to be cold, PNEM | 119 | |
| 140 | dry
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*tahay | PCEM, PNEM | 44 | |
| 141 | wet | *basaq | 1 | ||
| 142 | heavy | *bɨqgat | 1, 63 | ||
| 143 | fire | *atulun | PSEM | 15 | |
| 144 | to burn
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*sunug | 21 | ||
| 145 | smoke
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*ɨbɨl | PSEM | 1 | |
| 146 | ash | *abu | 1 | ||
| 147 | black | *itɨm | 1 | ||
| 148 | white | *putiq | 1 | ||
| 149 | red | *pula | 28 | ||
| 150 | yellow | *dalag | 38 | ||
| 150 | yellow | *lalag | 38 | ||
| 151 | green | *hilaw | PNEM | 36 | |
| 152 | small | *gamay | PNEM | 29 | |
| 153 | big | *dakulaq | 22, 23 | ||
| 154 | short
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*hayupuq | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 155 | long
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*habaq | 27 | ||
| 156 | thin
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*nipis | 1 | ||
| 159 | wide | *luqag | PNEM | 62 | |
| 160 | painful, sick | *sakit | 1 | ||
| 162 | old
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*laqas | PNEM | 43 | |
| 163 | new | *baq'gu | 1 | ||
| 164 | good | *dayaw | 46 | ||
| 165 | bad, evil | *raqat | 1 | ||
| 168 | day | *adlaw | 1 | ||
| 169 | year | *tuqig | 25 | ||
| 169 | year | *tahɨn | PNEM | ||
| 171 | to hide
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*taguq | 13 | ||
| 172 | to climb
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*panik | 1, 62 | ||
| 172 | to climb
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*dalag | PNEM | ||
| 172 | to climb
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*sa'ka | to climb a hill, PCEM, PNEM | 55 | |
| 174 | in, inside | *sɨlɨd | 14 | ||
| 175 | above | *ba'baw | top of, surface of | 2 | |
| 176 | below | *dalɨm | 20 | ||
| 178 | that | *iyan | PCEM, PNEM | 3 | |
| 179 | near | *lapit | PSEM | 36 | |
| 179 | near | *rapit | PCEM | 36 | |
| 180 | far | *(ha)rayuq | |||
| 181 | where?
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*haqin | 1, 63 | ||
| 181 | where?
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*diqin | PNEM, PSEM | 1, 15 | |
| 182 | I | *aku | 1, 5 | ||
| 183 | thou | *ikaw | 1 | ||
| 185 | we
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*kita | 1, 50 | ||
| 186 | you | *ka'mu | 1, 38 | ||
| 188 | what?
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*unu | 2, 65 | ||
| 189 | who?
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*siqnu | 14 | ||
| 190 | other | *laqin | PCEM, PNEM | 2 | |
| 193 | if | *kun | 1, 11 | ||
| 193 | if | *kuŋ | 1, 11 | ||
| 194 | how?
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*unuhun | PNEM | 29 | |
| 196 | to count | *bilaŋ | 2 | ||
| 196 | to count | *ihap | PCEM, PNEM | 2 | |
| 197 | One
|
*isa | 1 | ||
| 198 | Two
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*duha | 1 | ||
| 199 | Three
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*tulu | PNEM, PSEM | 1 | |
| 200 | Four
|
*upat | 1 | ||
| 201 | Five
|
*lima | 1 | ||
| 202 | Six
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*ɨnɨm | PNEM, PSEM | 1 | |
| 203 | Seven
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*pitu | 1 | ||
| 204 | Eight
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*walu | PNEM, PSEM | 3 | |
| 205 | Nine
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*siyam | PNEM, PSEM | 9 | |
| 207 | Twenty
|
*ruhaq | PNEM | ||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
*gatus | 4 | ||
| 210 | One Thousand
|
*libu | PCEM, PNEM | 5 |





