Austronesian

Basic Vocabulary Database

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Language: Proto-Ainu

Resources:

•  Ethnologue Information for ain
•  OLAC Information for ain
•  World Atlas of Language Structures Information for ain
•  [Suggest a resource]

Change History:

Showing 3 of 5 entries. Show ALL logged changes

• Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2023-01-24 04:14:21)
• Changed "source" from "@book{28432, address = {Leiden}, pages = {219}, publisher = {Brill}, series = {Brill's Japanese Studies Library}, title = {A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu}, volume = {4}, year = {1993}, bibtexkey = {vovin_reconstruction-ainu1993}, class_loc = {PL495.1}, document_type = {B}, fn = {eurasia\vovin_proto-ainu1993.pdf, eurasia\vovin_proto-ainu1993_o.pdf}, hhtype = {overview;comparative}, inlg = {English [eng]}, inlg_code = {eng}, isbn = {90-04-09905-0, 9789004099050}, macro_area = {Eurasia}, mpi_eva_library_shelf = {PL 495 .1 VOV 1993}, src = {hh, mpieva}, srctrickle = {hh#hv:Vovin:Proto-Ainu:1993, mpieva#Vovin1993Areconst}, subject_headings = {Ainu language–Phonology, Ainu language–Vocabulary, Ainu language–Etymology, Ainu language–Phonology – Ainu language–Vocabulary – Ainu language–Etymology}, author = {Vovin, Alexander} }" - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-20 02:13:39)
• Changed "classification" from "languages isolate" - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-20 02:13:39)

Entries:

ID:	Word:	Item:	Annotation:	Cognacy:	Loan:
1	hand	*askE	HL
1	hand	*mOn	possible form: *mon ?
1	hand	*tE(=)k	L		L
2	left	*gar=ke	H-L
3	right	*sii	HL, possible forms: *gii ~ *hii ?
4	leg/foot	*kEma	LL
4	leg/foot	*tikir	LH, < *ti=kir ?
4	leg/foot	*urE	LL, 'foot'
5	to walk	*apkas	HL
6	road/path	*truu
7	to come	*Eg	singular
7	to come	*sa=	'to come, go out' (Jap deru)
8	to turn
9	to swim	*maa
10	dirty
11	dust	*pa[s]na	LH, 'dust', 'dirt'
11	dust	*sirma	HL, 'dust', 'dirt', possible forms: *girma ~ *hirma ?
12	skin
13	back	*Osma=k	HL
13	back	*sEtur	LL
14	belly	*gOn	L, 'belly', 'stomach'
14	belly	*pisE	LH, 'stomach'
15	bone	*kEqu	LL
15	bone	*ponE	< *PJap *pone [LL] 'bone'
16	intestines	*kankan	HL
16	intestines	*tuy	L, 'belly', 'intestines'
17	liver	*ra	H, possible form: *da ?
18	breast	*tOO[C]	HH
19	shoulder	*kup	H, 'shoulder'
19	shoulder	*tap	L, 'shoulder', 'upper arm'
20	to know, be knowledgeable
21	to think
22	to fear	*sitOma	LLH, possible forms: *gitOma ~ *hitOma ?
23	blood	*kEm	L
24	head	*pa	L
24	head	*sa	H
25	neck	*dE=kut	L-L
26	hair	*EtOp	LL
26	hair	*numa	LL
27	nose	*Etu	LL
28	to breathe	*gEEsE	HLL
29	to sniff, smell	*rak
30	mouth	*prAA=	L
31	tooth	*ima(=)k	L(-)L
31	tooth	*nii
32	tongue	*agu	LL
33	to laugh	*miina	HLL
34	to cry	*tis
35	to vomit	*atu	LH
36	to spit	*top(=)sE	H(-)L
37	to eat	*EE
38	to chew	*kuy
39	to cook	*su(=)gE ~ *su(=)kE	L(-)H, possible form: *su(=)qE ?
40	to drink	*kuu
41	to bite
42	to suck
43	ear	*kisAr	LL
44	to hear	*nuu	'to hear', 'to listen'
45	eye	*sik	L, possible forms: *gik ~ *hik ?
45	eye	*nuu	HL, 'eye'
46	to see	*nu=kar	L-H
47	to yawn	*maqu=s=Ok	HL-L
48	to sleep	*mO	L
49	to lie down	*gOt=kE	H-L
50	to dream	*takar	LH
50	to dream	*tarap	LH
50	to dream	*tinita	LLH
51	to sit	*aa	singular
51	to sit	*rOk	plural, possible form: *dOk ?
52	to stand	*as	singular
52	to stand	*rOs=ki	plural, HL
53	person/human being	*aynu	HL, < *a(n)=inu ?
53	person/human being	*kur
54	man/male	*Okkay(O)	HL(L)
55	woman/female	*mat	L, 'woman', 'wife'
56	child	*hEkati	LLH
56	child	*pOO	HL, 'son', 'child'
57	husband	*hOku	LL
58	wife	*mat	L, 'woman', 'wife'
59	mother	*gaa(=)pO	HH(-)L
59	mother	*nOrnO ~ *narna
59	mother	*unu	LH
60	father	*aatya	LLH
60	father	*miti	HL
60	father	*Ona	LH, possible form: *ona ?
61	house	*tisE	LH
62	thatch/roof	*kitay	LH
63	name	*dEE	HL
64	to say	*i=EE	L-HL
65	rope	*tus	L
66	to tie up, fasten	*köt=	L
66	to tie up, fasten	*sïn(=)a	L(-)H, possible forms: *gïn(=)a ~ *hïn(=)a ?
67	to sew	*nïn=u	L-H
68	needle	*kem	L
69	to hunt
70	to shoot	*E=ak	L-H
70	to shoot	*tukan	LH
70	to shoot	*tyOrtya	'to shoot (from the bow)', 'to hit (the mark)'
71	to stab, pierce	*tiqu
72	to hit	*kik
73	to steal	*ihka	HL
74	to kill
75	to die, be dead	*day	H
76	to live, be alive	*gik(=)nu	H-L; possible forms: *sik(=)nu ~ *hik(=)nu ?
77	to scratch	*kiiki	LLH, < *kii=kii ?
78	to cut, hack	*pët=u	L-H, 'to cut', 'to split'
79	stick/wood	*nii	'tree'
79	stick/wood	*tiku=	LL, 'tree'
80	to split	*pEr=	L
81	sharp	*E(=)qEn	L(-)H; possible form: *E(=)gEn ?
82	dull, blunt
83	to work
84	to plant
85	to choose	*num=kE	H-L
86	to grow	*=tuk=	L
86	to grow	*gik(=)up	L-H, possible forms: *sik(=)up ~ *hik(=)up ?
87	to swell	*gup	L
88	to squeeze	*num=	L
89	to hold
90	to dig	*=ür=	L
91	to buy	*gOk
92	to open, uncover	*m[r]Ak=	H
93	to pound, beat
94	to throw
95	to fall	*tyuk	L
95	to fall	*gaatir	HLL
96	dog	*gita	LH (< *LL ?)
97	bird	*ti=	L
98	egg	*nOk	L, 'egg', 'testicles'
99	feather	*trAp	L
100	wing
101	to fly	*paar=aC=sE	to fly
101	to fly	*hO=pun=i	L-L-H, singular, 'to fly', 'to get up'
102	rat	*Erum	HH
103	meat/flesh	*kam	L
104	fat/grease	*kirpu	HL, 'fat', 'grease'
104	fat/grease	*kEE	'oil (as food)', 'fat'
104	fat/grease	*sum	'oil (as food)'
105	tail	*sAr	L, 'tail'
105	tail	*is	L, 'bird's tail'
106	snake	*Oyaqu	LHL
106	snake	*tOkkOni	HLL
107	worm (earthworm)	*imO(=)k	LH, 'earthworm'
107	worm (earthworm)	*kiki(=)r	LH, 'worm', 'insect', 'bug'
108	louse	*ki
109	mosquito
110	spider
111	fish	*tiqEp	LL
112	rotten	*gOr=sE	H-L
112	rotten	*munin	LH
113	branch
114	leaf	*hrA=	L
115	root	*=rit
116	flower	*Epuy	LH, 'sprout, bud, flower'
116	flower	*nOrnO	HL
117	fruit	*num	L
118	grass	*mun	'[inedible] grass'
118	grass	*kina	LH, '[edible] grass'
119	earth/soil	*tOy
120	stone	*pOqina	'stone'
120	stone	*sirar	LH, 'rock', possible forms: *girar ~ hirar ?
120	stone	*suma	LH, 'stone'
120	stone	*hdatara	LLH, 'stone', 'cliff'
121	sand	*Ota	LH
122	water	*hdak=ka	H-L
122	water	*pE	H, 'sap', 'water'
123	to flow	*mOm
124	sea	*atuy	LL
125	salt	*sippO	HL, 'salt'
125	salt	*rur=nu	H-L, 'to be salty', possible form: *dur=nu ?
126	lake	*tOO
127	woods/forest
128	sky	*kantO	HL
128	sky	*nis	H, 'sky', 'cloud'
129	moon	*tiqu(=)p	'moon', 'month', 'sun'
130	star	*kEta	LH
130	star	*nOOti(=)qu
131	cloud	*nis	H, 'sky', 'cloud'
132	fog	*Huurar	HLL
133	rain	*aptO	HL
134	thunder
135	lightning	*imEru	LLH
136	wind	*dEEra	HLL
137	to blow	*uku	LH
138	warm	*sEEsEk	HLL, 'to grow hot', 'to be hot'
139	cold	*mEE=
140	dry	*sat	H
141	wet	*tOn(=)rE	H(-)L, 'to get wet'
142	heavy	*paasE	HLL
143	fire	*apE	LH, < *apOy ?
143	fire	*unti	HL, uncommon form
144	to burn	*uguy	LH
145	smoke	*sipuya	LLH, 'smoke', possible forms: *gipuya ~ *hipuya ?
145	smoke	*paa	HL, 'steam', 'smoke'
146	ash	*uu[y]na	HLL
147	black	*kur=	H, < Old Jap. kurwo= ?
148	white	*dE(=)tar	L(-)H
149	red	*guurE	HLL
150	yellow
151	green	*siqunin	HLL, 'green / blue', possible forms: *giqunin ~ *hiqunin
152	small	*pOn
153	big	*pOrO	LH
154	short	*tak
155	long
156	thin	*kap=ar	L-H, 'to be thin (and flat)'
157	thick	*irOr=nE	LH-L, 'to be thick (and flat)'; possible form: *irOt=nE ?
158	narrow	*gop=nE	H-L
159	wide
160	painful, sick	*arka	HL, 'painful'
160	painful, sick	*tasum	LH, 'to get sick'
161	shy, ashamed
162	old	*Or=nE	H-L
163	new	*asir	LH
164	good	*pir(=)ka	H(-)L
165	bad, evil	*hdEn
166	correct, true
167	night	*an
168	day	*tOO
169	year	*paa	HL, 'year', 'age'
170	when?	*gEm=pa=ra
171	to hide	*nuyna	transitive, < *nu=ina ?
172	to climb
173	at
174	in, inside	*ma=k	H
174	in, inside	*Or	L
175	above	*ka	L, 'on', 'above'
176	below	*prO=k	L
177	this	*ta=	L
178	that	*to=	L
179	near	*gan=kE	H-L
180	far	*tuyma	HL
181	where?
182	I	*ku=	L
182	I	*an= ~ *a=
183	thou	*E=	L
184	he/she
185	we
186	you	*Eti=	LL
187	they
188	what?	*gEm=an=ta	L-H-L
189	who?	*gu[n]na	HL
189	who?	nEE=	LH
190	other
191	all
192	and
193	if
194	how?
195	no, not
196	to count
197	One	*si=nE=	LH, possible forms: *gi=nE= ~ *hi=nE= ?
198	Two	*tuu=
199	Three	*dE=
200	Four	*ii=nE=	HL-L
200	Four	*pOqOn	(?), uncommon form
201	Five	*aski ~ *asik	HL, LH (respectively)
202	Six	*ii=hdan=	lit. 'four-ten'
203	Seven	*a=d[E]=hdan	lit. 'three-ten'
204	Eight	*tu=pE=hdan	lit. 'two-ten'
205	Nine	*si=nE=pE=hdan	lit. 'one-ten'
206	Ten	*hdan=	H
207	Twenty	*gOt
208	Fifty
209	One Hundred	*ik
210	One Thousand

© 2003-2025: Simon J. Greenhill , Robert Blust, & Russell Gray. (0.00856)

Please cite: Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Max Planck EVA Imprint/Impressum.