Austronesian

Basic Vocabulary Database

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Language: Proto-Ainu

Resources:

•  Ethnologue Information for ain
•  OLAC Information for ain
•  World Atlas of Language Structures Information for ain
•  [Suggest a resource]

Change History:

Showing 3 of 5 entries. Show ALL logged changes

• Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2023-01-24 04:14:21)
• Changed "source" from "@book{28432, address = {Leiden}, pages = {219}, publisher = {Brill}, series = {Brill's Japanese Studies Library}, title = {A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu}, volume = {4}, year = {1993}, bibtexkey = {vovin_reconstruction-ainu1993}, class_loc = {PL495.1}, document_type = {B}, fn = {eurasia\vovin_proto-ainu1993.pdf, eurasia\vovin_proto-ainu1993_o.pdf}, hhtype = {overview;comparative}, inlg = {English [eng]}, inlg_code = {eng}, isbn = {90-04-09905-0, 9789004099050}, macro_area = {Eurasia}, mpi_eva_library_shelf = {PL 495 .1 VOV 1993}, src = {hh, mpieva}, srctrickle = {hh#hv:Vovin:Proto-Ainu:1993, mpieva#Vovin1993Areconst}, subject_headings = {Ainu language–Phonology, Ainu language–Vocabulary, Ainu language–Etymology, Ainu language–Phonology – Ainu language–Vocabulary – Ainu language–Etymology}, author = {Vovin, Alexander} }" - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-20 02:13:39)
• Changed "classification" from "languages isolate" - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-20 02:13:39)

Entries:

ID:	Word:	Item:	Annotation:	Cognacy:	Loan:
8	to turn
10	dirty
12	skin
20	to know, be knowledgeable
21	to think
41	to bite
42	to suck
69	to hunt
74	to kill
82	dull, blunt
83	to work
84	to plant
89	to hold
93	to pound, beat
94	to throw
100	wing
109	mosquito
110	spider
113	branch
127	woods/forest
134	thunder
150	yellow
155	long
159	wide
161	shy, ashamed
166	correct, true
172	to climb
173	at
181	where?
184	he/she
185	we
187	they
190	other
191	all
192	and
193	if
194	how?
195	no, not
196	to count
208	Fifty
210	One Thousand
1	hand	*askE	HL
1	hand	*mOn	possible form: *mon ?
2	left	*gar=ke	H-L
3	right	*sii	HL, possible forms: *gii ~ *hii ?
4	leg/foot	*kEma	LL
4	leg/foot	*tikir	LH, < *ti=kir ?
4	leg/foot	*urE	LL, 'foot'
5	to walk	*apkas	HL
6	road/path	*truu
7	to come	*Eg	singular
7	to come	*sa=	'to come, go out' (Jap deru)
9	to swim	*maa
11	dust	*pa[s]na	LH, 'dust', 'dirt'
11	dust	*sirma	HL, 'dust', 'dirt', possible forms: *girma ~ *hirma ?
13	back	*Osma=k	HL
13	back	*sEtur	LL
14	belly	*gOn	L, 'belly', 'stomach'
14	belly	*pisE	LH, 'stomach'
15	bone	*kEqu	LL
15	bone	*ponE	< *PJap *pone [LL] 'bone'
16	intestines	*kankan	HL
16	intestines	*tuy	L, 'belly', 'intestines'
17	liver	*ra	H, possible form: *da ?
18	breast	*tOO[C]	HH
19	shoulder	*kup	H, 'shoulder'
19	shoulder	*tap	L, 'shoulder', 'upper arm'
22	to fear	*sitOma	LLH, possible forms: *gitOma ~ *hitOma ?
23	blood	*kEm	L
24	head	*pa	L
24	head	*sa	H
25	neck	*dE=kut	L-L
26	hair	*EtOp	LL
26	hair	*numa	LL
27	nose	*Etu	LL
28	to breathe	*gEEsE	HLL
29	to sniff, smell	*rak
30	mouth	*prAA=	L
31	tooth	*ima(=)k	L(-)L
31	tooth	*nii
32	tongue	*agu	LL
33	to laugh	*miina	HLL
34	to cry	*tis
35	to vomit	*atu	LH
36	to spit	*top(=)sE	H(-)L
37	to eat	*EE
38	to chew	*kuy
39	to cook	*su(=)gE ~ *su(=)kE	L(-)H, possible form: *su(=)qE ?
40	to drink	*kuu
43	ear	*kisAr	LL
44	to hear	*nuu	'to hear', 'to listen'
45	eye	*sik	L, possible forms: *gik ~ *hik ?
45	eye	*nuu	HL, 'eye'
46	to see	*nu=kar	L-H
47	to yawn	*maqu=s=Ok	HL-L
48	to sleep	*mO	L
49	to lie down	*gOt=kE	H-L
50	to dream	*takar	LH
50	to dream	*tarap	LH
50	to dream	*tinita	LLH
51	to sit	*aa	singular
51	to sit	*rOk	plural, possible form: *dOk ?
52	to stand	*as	singular
52	to stand	*rOs=ki	plural, HL
53	person/human being	*aynu	HL, < *a(n)=inu ?
53	person/human being	*kur
54	man/male	*Okkay(O)	HL(L)
55	woman/female	*mat	L, 'woman', 'wife'
56	child	*hEkati	LLH
56	child	*pOO	HL, 'son', 'child'
57	husband	*hOku	LL
58	wife	*mat	L, 'woman', 'wife'
59	mother	*gaa(=)pO	HH(-)L
59	mother	*nOrnO ~ *narna
59	mother	*unu	LH
60	father	*aatya	LLH
60	father	*miti	HL
60	father	*Ona	LH, possible form: *ona ?
61	house	*tisE	LH
62	thatch/roof	*kitay	LH
63	name	*dEE	HL
64	to say	*i=EE	L-HL
65	rope	*tus	L
66	to tie up, fasten	*köt=	L
66	to tie up, fasten	*sïn(=)a	L(-)H, possible forms: *gïn(=)a ~ *hïn(=)a ?
67	to sew	*nïn=u	L-H
68	needle	*kem	L
70	to shoot	*E=ak	L-H
70	to shoot	*tukan	LH
70	to shoot	*tyOrtya	'to shoot (from the bow)', 'to hit (the mark)'
71	to stab, pierce	*tiqu
72	to hit	*kik
73	to steal	*ihka	HL
75	to die, be dead	*day	H
76	to live, be alive	*gik(=)nu	H-L; possible forms: *sik(=)nu ~ *hik(=)nu ?
77	to scratch	*kiiki	LLH, < *kii=kii ?
78	to cut, hack	*pët=u	L-H, 'to cut', 'to split'
79	stick/wood	*nii	'tree'
79	stick/wood	*tiku=	LL, 'tree'
80	to split	*pEr=	L
81	sharp	*E(=)qEn	L(-)H; possible form: *E(=)gEn ?
85	to choose	*num=kE	H-L
86	to grow	*=tuk=	L
86	to grow	*gik(=)up	L-H, possible forms: *sik(=)up ~ *hik(=)up ?
87	to swell	*gup	L
88	to squeeze	*num=	L
90	to dig	*=ür=	L
91	to buy	*gOk
92	to open, uncover	*m[r]Ak=	H
95	to fall	*tyuk	L
95	to fall	*gaatir	HLL
96	dog	*gita	LH (< *LL ?)
97	bird	*ti=	L
98	egg	*nOk	L, 'egg', 'testicles'
99	feather	*trAp	L
101	to fly	*paar=aC=sE	to fly
101	to fly	*hO=pun=i	L-L-H, singular, 'to fly', 'to get up'
102	rat	*Erum	HH
103	meat/flesh	*kam	L
104	fat/grease	*kirpu	HL, 'fat', 'grease'
104	fat/grease	*kEE	'oil (as food)', 'fat'
104	fat/grease	*sum	'oil (as food)'
105	tail	*sAr	L, 'tail'
105	tail	*is	L, 'bird's tail'
106	snake	*Oyaqu	LHL
106	snake	*tOkkOni	HLL
107	worm (earthworm)	*imO(=)k	LH, 'earthworm'
107	worm (earthworm)	*kiki(=)r	LH, 'worm', 'insect', 'bug'
108	louse	*ki
111	fish	*tiqEp	LL
112	rotten	*gOr=sE	H-L
112	rotten	*munin	LH
114	leaf	*hrA=	L
115	root	*=rit
116	flower	*Epuy	LH, 'sprout, bud, flower'
116	flower	*nOrnO	HL
117	fruit	*num	L
118	grass	*mun	'[inedible] grass'
118	grass	*kina	LH, '[edible] grass'
119	earth/soil	*tOy
120	stone	*pOqina	'stone'
120	stone	*sirar	LH, 'rock', possible forms: *girar ~ hirar ?
120	stone	*suma	LH, 'stone'
120	stone	*hdatara	LLH, 'stone', 'cliff'
121	sand	*Ota	LH
122	water	*hdak=ka	H-L
122	water	*pE	H, 'sap', 'water'
123	to flow	*mOm
124	sea	*atuy	LL
125	salt	*sippO	HL, 'salt'
125	salt	*rur=nu	H-L, 'to be salty', possible form: *dur=nu ?
126	lake	*tOO
128	sky	*kantO	HL
128	sky	*nis	H, 'sky', 'cloud'
129	moon	*tiqu(=)p	'moon', 'month', 'sun'
130	star	*kEta	LH
130	star	*nOOti(=)qu
131	cloud	*nis	H, 'sky', 'cloud'
132	fog	*Huurar	HLL
133	rain	*aptO	HL
135	lightning	*imEru	LLH
136	wind	*dEEra	HLL
137	to blow	*uku	LH
138	warm	*sEEsEk	HLL, 'to grow hot', 'to be hot'
139	cold	*mEE=
140	dry	*sat	H
141	wet	*tOn(=)rE	H(-)L, 'to get wet'
142	heavy	*paasE	HLL
143	fire	*apE	LH, < *apOy ?
143	fire	*unti	HL, uncommon form
144	to burn	*uguy	LH
145	smoke	*sipuya	LLH, 'smoke', possible forms: *gipuya ~ *hipuya ?
145	smoke	*paa	HL, 'steam', 'smoke'
146	ash	*uu[y]na	HLL
147	black	*kur=	H, < Old Jap. kurwo= ?
148	white	*dE(=)tar	L(-)H
149	red	*guurE	HLL
151	green	*siqunin	HLL, 'green / blue', possible forms: *giqunin ~ *hiqunin
152	small	*pOn
153	big	*pOrO	LH
154	short	*tak
156	thin	*kap=ar	L-H, 'to be thin (and flat)'
157	thick	*irOr=nE	LH-L, 'to be thick (and flat)'; possible form: *irOt=nE ?
158	narrow	*gop=nE	H-L
160	painful, sick	*arka	HL, 'painful'
160	painful, sick	*tasum	LH, 'to get sick'
162	old	*Or=nE	H-L
163	new	*asir	LH
164	good	*pir(=)ka	H(-)L
165	bad, evil	*hdEn
167	night	*an
168	day	*tOO
169	year	*paa	HL, 'year', 'age'
170	when?	*gEm=pa=ra
171	to hide	*nuyna	transitive, < *nu=ina ?
174	in, inside	*ma=k	H
174	in, inside	*Or	L
175	above	*ka	L, 'on', 'above'
176	below	*prO=k	L
177	this	*ta=	L
178	that	*to=	L
179	near	*gan=kE	H-L
180	far	*tuyma	HL
182	I	*ku=	L
182	I	*an= ~ *a=
183	thou	*E=	L
186	you	*Eti=	LL
188	what?	*gEm=an=ta	L-H-L
189	who?	*gu[n]na	HL
189	who?	nEE=	LH
197	One	*si=nE=	LH, possible forms: *gi=nE= ~ *hi=nE= ?
198	Two	*tuu=
199	Three	*dE=
200	Four	*ii=nE=	HL-L
200	Four	*pOqOn	(?), uncommon form
201	Five	*aski ~ *asik	HL, LH (respectively)
202	Six	*ii=hdan=	lit. 'four-ten'
203	Seven	*a=d[E]=hdan	lit. 'three-ten'
204	Eight	*tu=pE=hdan	lit. 'two-ten'
205	Nine	*si=nE=pE=hdan	lit. 'one-ten'
206	Ten	*hdan=	H
207	Twenty	*gOt
209	One Hundred	*ik
1	hand	*tE(=)k	L		L

© 2003-2024: Simon J. Greenhill , Robert Blust, & Russell Gray. (0.01150)

Please cite: Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Max Planck EVA Imprint/Impressum.