Language: Proto-Ainu
Source/Author: | Alexander Vovin | |
---|---|---|
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:ain Glottocode: ainu1252 | |
Notes: | Vovin, Alexander. 1993. A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Prosodic information for the proto-forms is given in the annotation column. They are marked by: H = high L = low | |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: | |
Statistics: |
| |
Classification: | Isolate | |
Map |
Resources:
- Ethnologue Information for ain
- OLAC Information for ain
- World Atlas of Language Structures Information for ain
- [Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing all of 5 entries
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2023-01-24 04:14:21)
- Changed "source" from "@book{28432, address = {Leiden}, pages = {219}, publisher = {Brill}, series = {Brill's Japanese Studies Library}, title = {A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu}, volume = {4}, year = {1993}, bibtexkey = {vovin_reconstruction-ainu1993}, class_loc = {PL495.1}, document_type = {B}, fn = {eurasia\vovin_proto-ainu1993.pdf, eurasia\vovin_proto-ainu1993_o.pdf}, hhtype = {overview;comparative}, inlg = {English [eng]}, inlg_code = {eng}, isbn = {90-04-09905-0, 9789004099050}, macro_area = {Eurasia}, mpi_eva_library_shelf = {PL 495 .1 VOV 1993}, src = {hh, mpieva}, srctrickle = {hh#hv:Vovin:Proto-Ainu:1993, mpieva#Vovin1993Areconst}, subject_headings = {Ainu language–Phonology, Ainu language–Vocabulary, Ainu language–Etymology, Ainu language–Phonology – Ainu language–Vocabulary – Ainu language–Etymology}, author = {Vovin, Alexander} }" - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-20 02:13:39)
- Changed "classification" from "languages isolate" - Simon Greenhill (2021-01-20 02:13:39)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2011-04-28 01:57:19)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2011-04-28 01:56:49)
Entries:
ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
175 | above | *ka | L, 'on', 'above' | ||
191 | all | ||||
192 | and | ||||
146 | ash | *uu[y]na | HLL | ||
173 | at | ||||
13 | back | *Osma=k | HL | ||
13 | back | *sEtur | LL | ||
165 | bad, evil | *hdEn | |||
14 | belly | *gOn | L, 'belly', 'stomach' | ||
14 | belly | *pisE | LH, 'stomach' | ||
176 | below | *prO=k | L | ||
153 | big | *pOrO | LH | ||
97 | bird | *ti= | L | ||
147 | black | *kur= | H, < Old Jap. kurwo= ? | ||
23 | blood | *kEm | L | ||
15 | bone | *kEqu | LL | ||
15 | bone | *ponE | < *PJap *pone [LL] 'bone' | ||
113 | branch | ||||
18 | breast | *tOO[C] | HH | ||
56 | child | *hEkati | LLH | ||
56 | child | *pOO | HL, 'son', 'child' | ||
131 | cloud | *nis | H, 'sky', 'cloud' | ||
139 | cold | *mEE= | |||
166 | correct, true | ||||
168 | day | *tOO | |||
10 | dirty | ||||
96 | dog | *gita | LH (< *LL ?) | ||
140 | dry | *sat | H | ||
82 | dull, blunt | ||||
11 | dust | *pa[s]na | LH, 'dust', 'dirt' | ||
11 | dust | *sirma | HL, 'dust', 'dirt', possible forms: *girma ~ *hirma ? | ||
43 | ear | *kisAr | LL | ||
119 | earth/soil | *tOy | |||
98 | egg | *nOk | L, 'egg', 'testicles' | ||
204 | Eight | *tu=pE=hdan | lit. 'two-ten' | ||
45 | eye | *sik | L, possible forms: *gik ~ *hik ? | ||
45 | eye | *nuu | HL, 'eye' | ||
180 | far | *tuyma | HL | ||
104 | fat/grease | *kirpu | HL, 'fat', 'grease' | ||
104 | fat/grease | *kEE | 'oil (as food)', 'fat' | ||
104 | fat/grease | *sum | 'oil (as food)' | ||
60 | father | *aatya | LLH | ||
60 | father | *miti | HL | ||
60 | father | *Ona | LH, possible form: *ona ? | ||
99 | feather | *trAp | L | ||
208 | Fifty | ||||
143 | fire | *apE | LH, < *apOy ? | ||
143 | fire | *unti | HL, uncommon form | ||
111 | fish | *tiqEp | LL | ||
201 | Five | *aski ~ *asik | HL, LH (respectively) | ||
116 | flower | *Epuy | LH, 'sprout, bud, flower' | ||
116 | flower | *nOrnO | HL | ||
132 | fog | *Huurar | HLL | ||
200 | Four | *ii=nE= | HL-L | ||
200 | Four | *pOqOn | (?), uncommon form | ||
117 | fruit | *num | L | ||
164 | good | *pir(=)ka | H(-)L | ||
118 | grass | *mun | '[inedible] grass' | ||
118 | grass | *kina | LH, '[edible] grass' | ||
151 | green | *siqunin | HLL, 'green / blue', possible forms: *giqunin ~ *hiqunin | ||
26 | hair | *EtOp | LL | ||
26 | hair | *numa | LL | ||
1 | hand | *askE | HL | ||
1 | hand | *mOn | possible form: *mon ? | ||
1 | hand | *tE(=)k | L | L | |
184 | he/she | ||||
24 | head | *pa | L | ||
24 | head | *sa | H | ||
142 | heavy | *paasE | HLL | ||
61 | house | *tisE | LH | ||
194 | how? | ||||
57 | husband | *hOku | LL | ||
182 | I | *ku= | L | ||
182 | I | *an= ~ *a= | |||
193 | if | ||||
174 | in, inside | *ma=k | H | ||
174 | in, inside | *Or | L | ||
16 | intestines | *kankan | HL | ||
16 | intestines | *tuy | L, 'belly', 'intestines' | ||
126 | lake | *tOO | |||
114 | leaf | *hrA= | L | ||
2 | left | *gar=ke | H-L | ||
4 | leg/foot | *kEma | LL | ||
4 | leg/foot | *tikir | LH, < *ti=kir ? | ||
4 | leg/foot | *urE | LL, 'foot' | ||
135 | lightning | *imEru | LLH | ||
17 | liver | *ra | H, possible form: *da ? | ||
155 | long | ||||
108 | louse | *ki | |||
54 | man/male | *Okkay(O) | HL(L) | ||
103 | meat/flesh | *kam | L | ||
129 | moon | *tiqu(=)p | 'moon', 'month', 'sun' | ||
109 | mosquito | ||||
59 | mother | *gaa(=)pO | HH(-)L | ||
59 | mother | *nOrnO ~ *narna | |||
59 | mother | *unu | LH | ||
30 | mouth | *prAA= | L | ||
63 | name | *dEE | HL | ||
158 | narrow | *gop=nE | H-L | ||
179 | near | *gan=kE | H-L | ||
25 | neck | *dE=kut | L-L | ||
68 | needle | *kem | L | ||
163 | new | *asir | LH | ||
167 | night | *an | |||
205 | Nine | *si=nE=pE=hdan | lit. 'one-ten' | ||
195 | no, not | ||||
27 | nose | *Etu | LL | ||
162 | old | *Or=nE | H-L | ||
197 | One | *si=nE= | LH, possible forms: *gi=nE= ~ *hi=nE= ? | ||
209 | One Hundred | *ik | |||
210 | One Thousand | ||||
190 | other | ||||
160 | painful, sick | *arka | HL, 'painful' | ||
160 | painful, sick | *tasum | LH, 'to get sick' | ||
53 | person/human being | *aynu | HL, < *a(n)=inu ? | ||
53 | person/human being | *kur | |||
133 | rain | *aptO | HL | ||
102 | rat | *Erum | HH | ||
149 | red | *guurE | HLL | ||
3 | right | *sii | HL, possible forms: *gii ~ *hii ? | ||
6 | road/path | *truu | |||
115 | root | *=rit | |||
65 | rope | *tus | L | ||
112 | rotten | *gOr=sE | H-L | ||
112 | rotten | *munin | LH | ||
125 | salt | *sippO | HL, 'salt' | ||
125 | salt | *rur=nu | H-L, 'to be salty', possible form: *dur=nu ? | ||
121 | sand | *Ota | LH | ||
124 | sea | *atuy | LL | ||
203 | Seven | *a=d[E]=hdan | lit. 'three-ten' | ||
81 | sharp | *E(=)qEn | L(-)H; possible form: *E(=)gEn ? | ||
154 | short | *tak | |||
19 | shoulder | *kup | H, 'shoulder' | ||
19 | shoulder | *tap | L, 'shoulder', 'upper arm' | ||
161 | shy, ashamed | ||||
202 | Six | *ii=hdan= | lit. 'four-ten' | ||
12 | skin | ||||
128 | sky | *kantO | HL | ||
128 | sky | *nis | H, 'sky', 'cloud' | ||
152 | small | *pOn | |||
145 | smoke | *sipuya | LLH, 'smoke', possible forms: *gipuya ~ *hipuya ? | ||
145 | smoke | *paa | HL, 'steam', 'smoke' | ||
106 | snake | *Oyaqu | LHL | ||
106 | snake | *tOkkOni | HLL | ||
110 | spider | ||||
130 | star | *kEta | LH | ||
130 | star | *nOOti(=)qu | |||
79 | stick/wood | *nii | 'tree' | ||
79 | stick/wood | *tiku= | LL, 'tree' | ||
120 | stone | *pOqina | 'stone' | ||
120 | stone | *sirar | LH, 'rock', possible forms: *girar ~ hirar ? | ||
120 | stone | *suma | LH, 'stone' | ||
120 | stone | *hdatara | LLH, 'stone', 'cliff' | ||
105 | tail | *sAr | L, 'tail' | ||
105 | tail | *is | L, 'bird's tail' | ||
206 | Ten | *hdan= | H | ||
178 | that | *to= | L | ||
62 | thatch/roof | *kitay | LH | ||
187 | they | ||||
157 | thick | *irOr=nE | LH-L, 'to be thick (and flat)'; possible form: *irOt=nE ? | ||
156 | thin | *kap=ar | L-H, 'to be thin (and flat)' | ||
177 | this | *ta= | L | ||
183 | thou | *E= | L | ||
199 | Three | *dE= | |||
134 | thunder | ||||
41 | to bite | ||||
137 | to blow | *uku | LH | ||
28 | to breathe | *gEEsE | HLL | ||
144 | to burn | *uguy | LH | ||
91 | to buy | *gOk | |||
38 | to chew | *kuy | |||
85 | to choose | *num=kE | H-L | ||
172 | to climb | ||||
7 | to come | *Eg | singular | ||
7 | to come | *sa= | 'to come, go out' (Jap deru) | ||
39 | to cook | *su(=)gE ~ *su(=)kE | L(-)H, possible form: *su(=)qE ? | ||
196 | to count | ||||
34 | to cry | *tis | |||
78 | to cut, hack | *pët=u | L-H, 'to cut', 'to split' | ||
75 | to die, be dead | *day | H | ||
90 | to dig | *=ür= | L | ||
50 | to dream | *takar | LH | ||
50 | to dream | *tarap | LH | ||
50 | to dream | *tinita | LLH | ||
40 | to drink | *kuu | |||
37 | to eat | *EE | |||
95 | to fall | *tyuk | L | ||
95 | to fall | *gaatir | HLL | ||
22 | to fear | *sitOma | LLH, possible forms: *gitOma ~ *hitOma ? | ||
123 | to flow | *mOm | |||
101 | to fly | *paar=aC=sE | to fly | ||
101 | to fly | *hO=pun=i | L-L-H, singular, 'to fly', 'to get up' | ||
86 | to grow | *=tuk= | L | ||
86 | to grow | *gik(=)up | L-H, possible forms: *sik(=)up ~ *hik(=)up ? | ||
44 | to hear | *nuu | 'to hear', 'to listen' | ||
171 | to hide | *nuyna | transitive, < *nu=ina ? | ||
72 | to hit | *kik | |||
89 | to hold | ||||
69 | to hunt | ||||
74 | to kill | ||||
20 | to know, be knowledgeable | ||||
33 | to laugh | *miina | HLL | ||
49 | to lie down | *gOt=kE | H-L | ||
76 | to live, be alive | *gik(=)nu | H-L; possible forms: *sik(=)nu ~ *hik(=)nu ? | ||
92 | to open, uncover | *m[r]Ak= | H | ||
84 | to plant | ||||
93 | to pound, beat | ||||
64 | to say | *i=EE | L-HL | ||
77 | to scratch | *kiiki | LLH, < *kii=kii ? | ||
46 | to see | *nu=kar | L-H | ||
67 | to sew | *nïn=u | L-H | ||
70 | to shoot | *E=ak | L-H | ||
70 | to shoot | *tukan | LH | ||
70 | to shoot | *tyOrtya | 'to shoot (from the bow)', 'to hit (the mark)' | ||
51 | to sit | *aa | singular | ||
51 | to sit | *rOk | plural, possible form: *dOk ? | ||
48 | to sleep | *mO | L | ||
29 | to sniff, smell | *rak | |||
36 | to spit | *top(=)sE | H(-)L | ||
80 | to split | *pEr= | L | ||
88 | to squeeze | *num= | L | ||
71 | to stab, pierce | *tiqu | |||
52 | to stand | *as | singular | ||
52 | to stand | *rOs=ki | plural, HL | ||
73 | to steal | *ihka | HL | ||
42 | to suck | ||||
87 | to swell | *gup | L | ||
9 | to swim | *maa | |||
21 | to think | ||||
94 | to throw | ||||
66 | to tie up, fasten | *köt= | L | ||
66 | to tie up, fasten | *sïn(=)a | L(-)H, possible forms: *gïn(=)a ~ *hïn(=)a ? | ||
8 | to turn | ||||
35 | to vomit | *atu | LH | ||
5 | to walk | *apkas | HL | ||
83 | to work | ||||
47 | to yawn | *maqu=s=Ok | HL-L | ||
32 | tongue | *agu | LL | ||
31 | tooth | *ima(=)k | L(-)L | ||
31 | tooth | *nii | |||
207 | Twenty | *gOt | |||
198 | Two | *tuu= | |||
138 | warm | *sEEsEk | HLL, 'to grow hot', 'to be hot' | ||
122 | water | *hdak=ka | H-L | ||
122 | water | *pE | H, 'sap', 'water' | ||
185 | we | ||||
141 | wet | *tOn(=)rE | H(-)L, 'to get wet' | ||
188 | what? | *gEm=an=ta | L-H-L | ||
170 | when? | *gEm=pa=ra | |||
181 | where? | ||||
148 | white | *dE(=)tar | L(-)H | ||
189 | who? | *gu[n]na | HL | ||
189 | who? | nEE= | LH | ||
159 | wide | ||||
58 | wife | *mat | L, 'woman', 'wife' | ||
136 | wind | *dEEra | HLL | ||
100 | wing | ||||
55 | woman/female | *mat | L, 'woman', 'wife' | ||
127 | woods/forest | ||||
107 | worm (earthworm) | *imO(=)k | LH, 'earthworm' | ||
107 | worm (earthworm) | *kiki(=)r | LH, 'worm', 'insect', 'bug' | ||
169 | year | *paa | HL, 'year', 'age' | ||
150 | yellow | ||||
186 | you | *Eti= | LL |