Language: Gelao (Niupo)
| Source/Author: | Zhang Jimin | |
|---|---|---|
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:giw Glottocode: whit1267 | |
| Notes: | ISO 639-3: gio Gelao is a Kra language similar to Buyang and Qabiao. There are currently around 500,000 Gelao residing mostly in Guizhou, China. Data collected from Niupo village (牛坡村) is used. This dialect is spoken in Liuzhi Special District (六枝特区), Guizhou, China by the White Gelao, or Duolou (to31 ʔlo55) people. Ostapirat classifies this variant as Southwestern Gelao. Source: 张済民/Zhang Jimin. 仡佬语研究/Gelao yu yan jiu (A Study of Gelao). 贵阳市/Guiyang, China: 贵州民族出版社/Guizhou min zu chu ban she, 1993. Zhang's book always uses "ɑ" but not "a." Here, "a" is always used in place of "ɑ." PAN & PMP reconstructions, given for reference, are not necessarily potential cognates. | |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: | |
| Statistics: |
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| Classification: | Tai-Kadai:Kra:Western Kra | |
| Map | ||
Resources:
ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Judu)- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Hongfeng)
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Fengyan)
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Wantao)
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Yueliangwan)
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Dagouchang)
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Moji)
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao, Hongfeng
- ABVD: Alternate Wordlist for Gelao (Heijiaoyan)
- Ethnologue Information for giw
- OLAC Information for giw
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[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing all of 23 entries
- Changed from "te31 ngɛ35", source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 27) - Simon Greenhill (2011-05-19 11:53:53)
- Changed "classification" from "Tai-Kadai, Kadai, Ge-Yang" - Simon Greenhill (2011-01-03 11:20:40)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 107) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:42:36)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 100) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:42:04)
- Source: Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 140) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:25:35)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 65) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:24:31)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 85) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:23:05)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 38) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:21:44)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu: (Word 93) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:21:06)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 67) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:20:34)
- Changed from "qə33 mlɯ31", updating annotation (Word 172) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:20:09)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 144) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:19:20)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 174) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:18:56)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 176) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:18:32)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 175) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:18:12)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 80) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:17:22)
- Changed from "fei31" (Word 80) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:17:12)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 125) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-15 23:16:32)
- Changed #178999 from "ʔvu33", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-29 09:56:22)
- Source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 23) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-21 20:46:35)
- Changed from "ma33 no3", source: Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 97) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-18 22:32:16)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-18 00:07:52)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-18 00:07:46)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | pa31 mi31 | PAN *(qa)lima ? | 1 | |
| 2 | left | zɯ31 | PAN *ka-wiʀi ? | 46 | |
| 3 | right | tsɯ31 | PAN *ka-wanaN ? | 46 | |
| 4 | leg/foot | qo35 | PAN *qaqay? | 42 | |
| 5 | to walk | bi31 | |||
| 6 | road/path | qə33 ʔlan31 | PAN *zalan | 1 | |
| 7 | to come | do31 | to come | ||
| 7 | to come | ta31 | to arrive | ||
| 8 | to turn
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 |
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| 9 | to swim | |
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| 10 | dirty | |
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| 11 | dust | |
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| 12 | skin | mu33 qu35 | |||
| 13 | back
|
taŋ35 kaŋ53 | |||
| 14 | belly | pu33 ɬaŋ33 | PAN *tiaN ? | ||
| 15 | bone | qa33 qei31 de13 | Mulao: qu24 za53 | ||
| 16 | intestines | qa33 ɕe33 | PAN *Cinaqi ? | ||
| 17 | liver | tie35 | PAN *qaCay ? | ||
| 18 | breast | pa31 pa35 | PAN *nunu/*susu ? | ||
| 19 | shoulder | ku33 plaŋ31 | |||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | sɯ31 | |||
| 21 | to think | |
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| 22 | to fear | pu33 lɯ31 | |||
| 23 | blood | pla35 | |||
| 24 | head | tɛ31 lui35 | PAN *qulu | 1? | |
| 25 | neck | taŋ31 laŋ31 | PAN *liqeʀ ? | ||
| 26 | hair
|
qə33 suŋ31 | PAN *bukeS ?; Lachi: mɛ31 ɕaŋ55 | ||
| 27 | nose | te31 ŋɛ35 | PAN *mujiŋ / PMP *ijuŋ ? | ||
| 28 | to breathe | |
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| 29 | to sniff, smell | |
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| 30 | mouth | |
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| 31 | tooth | plaŋ31 | PAN *nipen | 1 | |
| 32 | tongue | dɯ35 maɯ31 | PAN *Sema ? | 1 | |
| 33 | to laugh | |
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| 34 | to cry | |
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| 35 | to vomit | qə33 ta35 | PAN *utaq, why?, initial q not explained | 1 | |
| 36 | to spit | qə33 thu35 | PMP *luzaq ? | ||
| 37 | to eat | ka31 | PAN *kaen | 1 | |
| 38 | to chew
|
qə33 qɛ35 | PAN *qelqel | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
tuŋ35 | PAN *tanek ? | ||
| 40 | to drink | zan55 | |||
| 41 | to bite | tsaŋ55 | |||
| 42 | to suck | tsi35 | PAN *sepsep ? | ||
| 43 | ear | pa35 vei31 | |||
| 44 | to hear | ȵuŋ35 | PAN *tumaNa / PMP *deŋeʀ ? | ||
| 45 | eye | mu33 tɯ31 | PAN *maCa | 1 | |
| 46 | to see | qə33 lɯ35 | PAN *kita ? | ||
| 46 | to see | qa31 qa35 | |||
| 47 | to yawn | |
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| 48 | to sleep | ŋu35 | |||
| 49 | to lie down
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|
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| 50 | to dream | laŋ31 pla31 | PAN *Sepi ? | ||
| 51 | to sit | qaɯ33 | |||
| 52 | to stand | lo35 tsi31 | PAN *diʀi ? | ||
| 53 | person/human being | qa33 tshu35 | PAN *Cau ? | 1? | |
| 53 | person/human being | to55 o55 | other people 人家 | ||
| 54 | man/male | paɯ55 ʔlo55 | PAN *ma-ʀuqaNay ? | ||
| 55 | woman/female | ma55 ʔlo55 | PAN *bahi ?; Lachi: pu33 li13 mia33 | ||
| 56 | child | la35 lie55 | PAN *aNak ? | ||
| 57 | husband | la31 ba31 | |||
| 58 | wife | lɯ55 mi55 | |||
| 59 | mother | a55 mi55 | |||
| 60 | father | a55 ba33 | 14 | ||
| 61 | house | ʔlei31 | PAN *ʀumaq / PMP *balay ? | ||
| 62 | thatch/roof | |
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| 63 | name | ne31 | PAN *ŋajan ? | ||
| 64 | to say | ɕi31 | PMP *kaʀi ? | ||
| 65 | rope | mei31 ʑa35 | string | ||
| 65 | rope | pei31 zo31 | rope | ||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | |
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| 67 | to sew
|
kaŋ55 | |||
| 68 | needle | lei35 | |||
| 69 | to hunt
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| 70 | to shoot
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| 71 | to stab, pierce | |
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| 72 | to hit
|
ʔlɯ35 | PAN *palu ? | 1? | |
| 73 | to steal | lan55 | |||
| 74 | to kill | zen31 | |||
| 75 | to die, be dead | plan31 | PAN *p-aCay ? | ||
| 76 | to live, be alive | puŋ55 | |||
| 77 | to scratch
|
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| 78 | to cut, hack
|
tɛ55 | PMP *taʀaq ? | ||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
tshɛ35 | |||
| 79 | stick/wood | dɯ13 lu31 tsu35 | |||
| 80 | to split
|
fei31 | to separate, PMP *belaq ? | ||
| 80 | to split
|
pla35 | |||
| 81 | sharp | |
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| 82 | dull, blunt | |
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| 83 | to work
|
|
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| 84 | to plant | |
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| 85 | to choose | plɛ35 | PAN *piliq | 1 | |
| 85 | to choose | ɬei31 ɬei55 | |||
| 86 | to grow
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| 87 | to swell
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| 88 | to squeeze
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| 89 | to hold
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| 90 | to dig | kei31 kei35 | PAN *kalih ? | 1? | |
| 91 | to buy | tsei31 | |||
| 92 | to open, uncover | vu31 ha31 | to open a door; PMP *buka | 1 | |
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
tan55 | |||
| 94 | to throw
|
ʔʑaɯ31 | PMP *tudaq ? | ||
| 95 | to fall
|
to35 | |||
| 96 | dog | ṃɯ31 | PAN *wasu ? | ||
| 97 | bird | ma33 no35 | PMP *manuk | 1 | |
| 98 | egg | pa33 tuŋ53 | |||
| 99 | feather | qa33 mei35 | |||
| 100 | wing | lui31 lui31 qɛ33 | |||
| 101 | to fly | paɯ31 paɯ35 | |||
| 102 | rat | ɬei55 | PAN *labaw ? | ||
| 103 | meat/flesh | ʔvu33 | |||
| 104 | fat/grease | mlaŋ31 | oil; PAN *Simaʀ ? | ||
| 105 | tail | |
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| 106 | snake | ma55 ŋɯ31 | |||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | ŋɯ31 kɯ33 tɕi55 | |||
| 108 | louse
|
tuŋ53 | PAN *kuCu ?; Buyang: qa0 tu54 | 1? | |
| 109 | mosquito | qa33 ʑu55 | |||
| 110 | spider | |
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| 111 | fish | ma55 liɯ31 | |||
| 112 | rotten
|
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| 113 | branch
|
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| 114 | leaf | dʑi31 dʑi31 | |||
| 115 | root | tsu31 tsu31 | |||
| 116 | flower | hu55 ŋo53 | PMP *buŋa | 1 | |
| 117 | fruit | ma35 | PAN *buaq | 1 | |
| 118 | grass | ȵu35 | |||
| 119 | earth/soil | lu35 | |||
| 119 | earth/soil | pu31 daɯ35 | |||
| 120 | stone | eŋ53 | PAN *batu ? | ||
| 120 | stone | puŋ31 eŋ55 | |||
| 121 | sand | |
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| 122 | water
|
eŋ55 | |||
| 123 | to flow | ɬei33 ɬei33 | PAN *qaluʀ ? | ||
| 124 | sea | |
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| 125 | salt | qa33 ȵɯ33 | |||
| 126 | lake | |
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| 127 | woods/forest | ti31 | tree | ||
| 128 | sky | lui31 lui31 | PAN *laŋiC ? | 1? | |
| 129 | moon | pu31 dʑi31 | month; PAN *bulaN ?; Moji Gelao: bə0 dʑi31 | 1? | |
| 130 | star | duŋ31 dɛ55 | PAN *bituqen ? | 1? | |
| 131 | cloud
|
qə33 pu55 | PMP *ʀabun ? | 1? | |
| 132 | fog | |
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| 133 | rain | man31 | PAN *quzaN ? | ||
| 134 | thunder | |
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| 135 | lightning | |
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| 136 | wind | vei55 ʑuŋ31 | PAN *bali ? | ||
| 137 | to blow
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| 138 | warm
|
qə33 den31 | |||
| 139 | cold
|
qə33 ʑi13 | |||
| 140 | dry
|
sen55 | |||
| 141 | wet | tsaɯ35 | PMP *ma-baseq or Chinese ? | ||
| 142 | heavy | guŋ31 guŋ31 | |||
| 143 | fire | pie33 | PAN *Sapuy | 1 | |
| 144 | to burn
|
plan55 | |||
| 145 | smoke
|
xei31 | |||
| 146 | ash | |
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| 147 | black | (tsɛ35) lu55 | PAN *CeŋeN ? | ||
| 148 | white | paɯ31 paɯ35 | PAN *ma-puNi ? | 1? | |
| 149 | red | pla31 die35 | PAN *ma-taNah ? | 2? | |
| 150 | yellow | tin55 ȵi55 | PMP *ma-kunij ? | ||
| 151 | green | lɯ55 ŋɯ55 | |||
| 152 | small | plei31 ple35 | |||
| 153 | big | dzuŋ31 | |||
| 154 | short
|
ṇei35 ṇei31 | |||
| 155 | long
|
lui33 | PAN *inaduq ? | ||
| 156 | thin
|
vu33 | |||
| 156 | thin
|
qə33 ʑi31 | |||
| 157 | thick
|
qə33 ŋie35 | PAN *ma-kaSepal ? | ||
| 158 | narrow | ŋaŋ31 | |||
| 159 | wide | tsə33 | |||
| 160 | painful, sick | qa33 ze33 | sickness; PMP*ma-sakit ? | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed | |
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| 162 | old
|
ʔʑɯ55 | PAN *ma-tuqaS ? | ||
| 163 | new | |
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| 164 | good | gei55 | |||
| 165 | bad, evil | vu31 a35 | PAN *kuya ? | 2? | |
| 166 | correct, true | dɯ31 ŋɯ35 | |||
| 167 | night | vei31 | PAN *beʀŋi ? | ||
| 168 | day | uŋ31 | |||
| 168 | day | lu55 vu55 | sun, PAN *qalejaw ? | ||
| 169 | year | hei31 | |||
| 169 | year | plei31 | |||
| 170 | when?
|
|
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| 171 | to hide
|
qɯ53 pi53 | |||
| 172 | to climb
|
qə33 mlɯ31 | to ascend a house | ||
| 173 | at | aŋ31 | |||
| 174 | in, inside | ʔlei53 | |||
| 175 | above | qɯ55 zu55 | |||
| 176 | below | qɛ53 tsei31 | |||
| 177 | this | ȵi35 | PAN *i-ni | 1 | |
| 178 | that | bɯ35 | |||
| 179 | near | qə33 lu55 | PAN *ma-azaNih ? | ||
| 180 | far | |
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| 181 | where?
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| 182 | I | (aɯ31) ei33 | compare with Austronesian clitic pronouns | ||
| 183 | thou | (aɯ31) mɯ31 | compare with Austronesian clitic pronouns | 1? | |
| 184 | he/she | (aɯ31) mi35 | compare with Austronesian clitic pronouns | ||
| 185 | we
|
ti55 to31 | compare with Austronesian clitic pronouns | ||
| 186 | you | ti55 tɕo31 | compare with Austronesian clitic pronouns | ||
| 187 | they | ti55 ma55 | compare with Austronesian clitic pronouns | ||
| 188 | what?
|
vu33 tɕe55 | |||
| 189 | who?
|
kan53 na55 | |||
| 190 | other | |
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| 191 | all | tsi55 | the numeral "one" is also used to mean "all" | ||
| 192 | and | ɬiaɯ35 | |||
| 193 | if | |
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| 194 | how?
|
ɕaŋ55 aŋ31 | |||
| 195 | no, not | ma55 | |||
| 195 | no, not | o55 | used after predicate | ||
| 196 | to count | du55 | |||
| 197 | One
|
tsi55 | 1 | ||
| 198 | Two
|
sɯ31 | PAN *duSa | 1 | |
| 199 | Three
|
ta31 | PAN *telu | 1 | |
| 200 | Four
|
pu55 | PAN *epat | 11 | |
| 201 | Five
|
mlɯ31 | PAN *lima | 1 | |
| 202 | Six
|
tɕɯ31 | Chinese origin; Lachi: ȵang31 | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
hei31 | Chinese origin; Lachi: tie35 | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
he31 | Chinese origin; Lachi: ŋuɛ31 | ||
| 205 | Nine
|
kɯ31 | Chinese origin; Lachi: liu35 | L | |
| 206 | Ten
|
tshei55 | Chinese origin; Lachi: pɛ31 | ||
| 207 | Twenty
|
ŋɯ31 tshei35 | Chinese origin | ||
| 208 | Fifty
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| 209 | One Hundred
|
liɯ35 | |||
| 210 | One Thousand
|
ŋan55 |
