Language: Thai, Siamese
Source/Author: | Pittayawat Pittayaporn |
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3:tha Glottocode: thai1261 |
Notes: | |
Problems: | 1. Some cognates still exist alongside new ones that replaced them but with different meanings. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Pittayawat Pittayaporn Checked By: |
Statistics: |
-
Total Data: 237
- Number of Retentions:
- Number of Loans: 16
|
Classification: | Tai-Kadai:Kam-Tai:Tai:Southwestern |
Map | |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing 3 of 61 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Changed #173561 from "thanon5",
"road", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-21 00:41:08)
- Changed #173353 from "ba:2",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-21 00:41:08)
- Changed #173364 from "pa:k2",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-09-21 00:41:08)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
1 |
hand |
mɯ:1 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
left |
sa:j4 |
|
46 |
|
3 |
right |
khwa:5 |
|
1 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
kha:5 |
|
42 |
|
5 |
to walk |
dɤ:n1 |
|
85 |
|
6 |
road/path |
tha:ŋ1 |
path |
26 |
|
6 |
road/path |
thanon5 |
road, Old Khmer? |
|
L |
6 |
road/path |
hon5 tha:ŋ1 |
The original form 'hon5' - only found in compound 'hon5 tha:ŋ1' only |
26, 27 |
|
7 |
to come |
ma:1 |
|
1 |
|
8 |
to turn
|
liəw4 |
|
56 |
|
9 |
to swim |
wa:j3 |
|
65 |
|
10 |
dirty |
sok2kapok2 |
|
|
|
11 |
dust |
fun2 |
|
33 |
|
12 |
skin |
naŋ5 |
|
56 |
|
13 |
back
|
laŋ5 |
|
66 |
|
14 |
belly |
thɔ:ŋ4 |
|
47 |
|
15 |
bone |
kradu:k2 |
kra- was added secondarily. |
4 |
|
16 |
intestines |
saj3 |
|
48 |
|
17 |
liver |
tap2 |
|
1? |
|
18 |
breast |
nom1 |
|
40 |
|
19 |
shoulder |
ba:2 |
|
1 |
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
ru:4 |
|
57 |
|
21 |
to think |
khit4 |
|
20 |
|
22 |
to fear |
kluə1 |
|
44 |
|
23 |
blood |
lɯət3 |
|
28 |
|
24 |
head |
huə5 |
|
33 |
|
25 |
neck |
khɔ:1 |
|
52 |
|
26 |
hair
|
phom5 |
|
47 |
|
27 |
nose |
daŋ3 |
unexpected tone but most likely inherited from Proto-Tai. |
1 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
ha:j5 caj1 |
the second syllable means 'heart, breath'. |
52 |
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
dom1 |
|
39 |
|
30 |
mouth |
pa:k2 |
|
1? |
|
31 |
tooth |
fan2 |
|
1 |
|
31 |
tooth |
khiəw3 |
canine tooth |
32 |
|
32 |
tongue |
lin4 |
|
36 |
|
33 |
to laugh |
huə5rɔʔ4 |
The first syllable is the original morpheme for 'to laugh'. |
72 |
|
34 |
to cry |
ha:j3 |
|
50 |
|
35 |
to vomit |
ra:k3 |
|
1 |
|
36 |
to spit |
kha:j1 |
|
67 |
|
37 |
to eat |
kin1 |
|
1 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
khiəw4 |
|
41 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
tom3 |
|
64 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
tham1 kap2kha:w3 |
lit. 'to do'+'food (excluding staple)' |
64 |
|
40 |
to drink |
dɯ:m2 |
|
38 |
|
41 |
to bite |
kat2 |
|
1 |
|
41 |
to bite |
khop2 |
'to break something with one's teeth' |
29 |
|
42 |
to suck |
du:t2 |
|
39 |
|
43 |
ear |
hu:5 |
|
8 |
|
44 |
to hear |
yin1 |
|
33 |
|
45 |
eye |
ta:1 |
|
1 |
|
46 |
to see |
hen5 |
|
67 |
|
47 |
to yawn |
ha:w5 |
|
17 |
|
48 |
to sleep |
nɔ:n1 |
|
66 |
|
48 |
to sleep |
lap2 |
to be asleep |
69 |
|
49 |
to lie down
|
nɔ:n1 |
|
56 |
|
50 |
to dream |
fan5 |
|
8 |
|
51 |
to sit |
naŋ3 |
|
65 |
|
52 |
to stand |
yɯ:n1 |
|
46 |
|
53 |
person/human being |
khon1 |
|
32 |
|
54 |
man/male |
cha:j1 |
|
55 |
|
55 |
woman/female |
yiŋ5 |
Tone unexpected but definitely inherited. |
60 |
|
56 |
child |
lu:k3 |
|
1 |
|
57 |
husband |
phuə5 |
|
49 |
|
58 |
wife |
miə1 |
|
42 |
|
59 |
mother |
mɛ:3 |
|
39 |
|
60 |
father |
phɔ:3 |
|
26 |
|
61 |
house |
ba:n3 |
Its original meaning is 'village'. The inherited word for 'house' is now archaic. |
5 |
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
laŋ5 kha:1 |
'roof' from 'back' + 'thatch grass' |
|
|
63 |
name |
chɯ:3 |
|
30 |
|
64 |
to say |
wa:3 |
|
87 |
|
65 |
rope |
chɯək3 |
|
37 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
phu:k2 |
|
47 |
|
67 |
to sew
|
yep4 |
|
29 |
|
68 |
needle |
khem5 |
|
25 |
|
69 |
to hunt
|
la:3 |
|
56 |
|
70 |
to shoot
|
yiŋ1 |
|
29 |
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
thɛŋ2 |
|
62 |
|
72 |
to hit
|
ti:1 |
|
68 |
|
73 |
to steal |
lak4 |
|
34 |
|
73 |
to steal |
khamo:j1 |
(default) |
|
|
74 |
to kill |
kha:3 |
|
38 |
|
75 |
to die, be dead |
ta:j1 |
|
1 |
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
yu:2 |
'to live' |
44 |
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
pen1 |
'to be alive' |
|
|
77 |
to scratch
|
kaw1 |
|
1 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
tat2 |
|
91 |
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
fan1 |
to slash |
92 |
|
79 |
stick/wood |
thɔn3 (maj4) |
|
14 |
|
80 |
to split
|
pha:2 |
|
58 |
|
81 |
sharp |
khom |
|
21 |
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
thɯ:3 |
|
22 |
|
83 |
to work
|
tham1 (raj3) |
to do (dry fields) |
55 |
|
83 |
to work
|
tham1 (na:1) |
to do (paddy fields) |
55 |
|
84 |
to plant |
plu:k2 |
'to plant' |
16 |
|
84 |
to plant |
dam1 |
'to transplant (rice seedlings)' |
48 |
|
85 |
to choose |
lɯək3 |
|
26 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
to:1 |
|
|
|
87 |
to swell
|
buəm1 |
|
|
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
khan4 |
|
57 |
|
89 |
to hold
|
kam1 |
|
1? |
|
90 |
to dig |
khut2 |
|
36 |
|
91 |
to buy |
sɯ:4 |
|
37? |
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
pɤt2 |
|
43 |
|
93 |
to pound, beat
|
tam1 |
|
26 |
|
94 |
to throw
|
khwa:ŋ3 |
|
64 |
|
95 |
to fall
|
luəŋ3 |
|
|
|
96 |
dog |
ma:5 |
|
61 |
|
97 |
bird |
nok4 |
|
1 |
|
98 |
egg |
khaj2 |
|
41 |
|
99 |
feather |
khon5 |
|
46 |
|
100 |
wing |
pi:k2 |
|
55 |
|
101 |
to fly |
bin1 |
|
54 |
|
102 |
rat |
nu:5 |
|
59 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
nɯə4 |
|
60 |
|
104 |
fat/grease |
man1 |
|
1? |
|
105 |
tail |
ha:ŋ5 |
|
53 |
|
106 |
snake |
ŋu:2 |
|
50 |
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
nɔ:n5 |
|
43 |
|
108 |
louse
|
haw5 |
|
1 |
|
109 |
mosquito |
ɲuŋ1 |
|
|
|
110 |
spider |
mɛ:ŋ1 mum1 |
|
49 |
|
111 |
fish |
pla:1 |
|
64 |
|
112 |
rotten
|
naw3 |
|
34 |
|
113 |
branch
|
kiŋ2 |
|
28 |
|
114 |
leaf |
baj1 |
|
2? |
|
115 |
root |
ra:k3 |
|
31 |
|
116 |
flower |
dɔ:k2 |
|
22 |
|
117 |
fruit |
phon5lamaj4 |
|
|
|
118 |
grass |
ya:3 |
|
44 |
|
119 |
earth/soil |
din1 |
|
56 |
|
120 |
stone |
hin5 |
|
29 |
|
121 |
sand |
sa:j2 |
|
62 |
|
122 |
water
|
nam4 |
|
1 |
|
123 |
to flow |
laj5 |
|
43 |
|
124 |
sea |
thale:1 |
Old Khmer |
|
L |
125 |
salt |
klɯə1 |
|
21 |
|
126 |
lake |
tha:le:1 sa:p2 |
Old Khmer |
|
L |
126 |
lake |
nɔ:ŋ5 |
lake |
28 |
|
127 |
woods/forest |
pa:2 |
wood, forest, groves |
74 |
|
127 |
woods/forest |
doŋ1 |
'an area full of certain plants, or animals' |
72 |
|
128 |
sky |
fa:4 |
|
48 |
|
129 |
moon |
can1 |
default word, Sanskrit |
|
L |
129 |
moon |
dɯən1 |
poetic |
45 |
|
130 |
star |
da:w1 |
|
1 |
|
131 |
cloud
|
me:k3 |
Sanskrit |
|
L |
132 |
fog |
mɔ:k2 |
|
53 |
|
133 |
rain |
fon5 |
|
37 |
|
134 |
thunder |
sa:j5 fa:4 |
can also include 'lightning' |
61 |
|
135 |
lightning |
fa:4 lɛp3 |
(v.) there is no noun for 'lightning' |
55 |
|
136 |
wind |
lom1 |
|
63 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
paw2 |
|
54 |
|
138 |
warm
|
ʔun2 |
|
69 |
|
139 |
cold
|
na:w5 |
|
72 |
|
140 |
dry
|
hɛ:ŋ3 |
|
79 |
|
141 |
wet |
piək2 |
|
58 |
|
142 |
heavy |
nak2 |
|
42 |
|
143 |
fire |
faj1 |
|
1 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
phaw5 |
|
65 |
|
145 |
smoke
|
khwan1 |
|
54 |
|
146 |
ash |
khi:3 thaw3 |
|
43 |
|
147 |
black |
dam1 |
|
1 |
|
148 |
white |
kha:w1 |
|
65 |
|
149 |
red |
dɛ:ŋ1 |
|
63 |
|
150 |
yellow |
lɯəŋ1 |
|
56 |
|
151 |
green |
khiəw1 |
|
50 |
|
152 |
small |
lek4 |
|
76 |
|
153 |
big |
yaj2 |
|
59 |
|
154 |
short
|
tiə3 |
'short in height' |
|
|
154 |
short
|
san3 |
'short in length' |
|
|
155 |
long
|
ya:w1 |
|
64 |
|
156 |
thin
|
ba:ŋ1 |
|
39 |
|
157 |
thick
|
na:5 |
|
47 |
|
158 |
narrow |
na:3 |
|
|
|
159 |
wide |
kwa:ŋ3 |
|
|
|
160 |
painful, sick |
cep2 |
|
62 |
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
ʔa:j1 |
|
41 |
|
162 |
old
|
kɛ:2 |
|
92 |
|
163 |
new |
maj2 |
|
34 |
|
164 |
good |
di:1 |
|
87 |
|
165 |
bad, evil |
ra:j4 |
|
56 |
|
166 |
correct, true |
thu:k2 |
|
49 |
|
167 |
night |
khɯ:n2 |
|
51 |
|
168 |
day |
wan1 |
|
41 |
|
169 |
year |
pi:1 |
|
52 |
|
170 |
when?
|
mɯə3 raj2 |
|
39 |
|
171 |
to hide
|
ʔɛ:p2 |
|
29 |
|
172 |
to climb
|
pi:n1 |
|
27 |
|
173 |
at |
thi:3 |
|
36 |
|
174 |
in, inside |
naj1 |
|
33 |
|
175 |
above |
nɯə5 |
|
34 |
|
176 |
below |
taj3 |
|
50 |
|
177 |
this |
ni:4 |
|
1 |
|
178 |
that |
nan4 |
|
1 |
|
179 |
near |
klaj3 |
|
72 |
|
180 |
far |
klaj1 |
|
54 |
|
181 |
where?
|
thi:3 naj5 |
|
47 |
|
182 |
I |
ku:1 |
(familiar, vulgar) |
1 |
|
182 |
I |
phom5 |
(formal) |
|
|
182 |
I |
chan4 |
(colloquial) |
|
|
183 |
thou |
mɯŋ1 |
(familiar, vulgar) |
1 |
|
183 |
thou |
thɤ:1 |
(colloquial) |
|
|
183 |
thou |
khun1 |
(formal) |
|
|
184 |
he/she |
khaw5 |
(familiar, vulgar) |
25 |
|
184 |
he/she |
man |
(familiar, vulgar) |
22 |
|
185 |
we
|
raw1 |
|
11 |
|
186 |
you |
mɯŋ1 |
(familiar, vulgar) |
|
|
186 |
you |
thɤ:1 |
(colloquial) |
|
|
186 |
you |
khun1 |
(formal) |
|
|
186 |
you |
phuək3- |
Emphasizes plurality |
|
|
187 |
they |
khaw5 |
(familiar, vulgar) |
34 |
|
187 |
they |
man |
(familiar, vulgar) |
36 |
|
187 |
they |
phuək3- |
Emphasizes plurality |
|
|
188 |
what?
|
ʔaraj1 |
|
|
|
189 |
who?
|
khraj1 |
|
|
|
190 |
other |
ʔɯ:n2 |
|
39 |
|
191 |
all |
thaŋ4 mot2 |
|
53, 55 |
|
192 |
and |
lɛʔ4 |
|
45 |
|
193 |
if |
tha:3 |
|
41 |
|
194 |
how?
|
ya:ŋ2 raj1 |
|
|
|
195 |
no, not |
mi4 |
arch. |
81 |
|
195 |
no, not |
bɔ:2 |
arch. |
80 |
|
195 |
no, not |
maj3 |
|
81 |
|
196 |
to count |
nap4 |
|
54 |
|
197 |
One
|
nɯŋ2 |
|
35 |
|
198 |
Two
|
sɔ:ŋ5 |
|
|
L |
199 |
Three
|
sa:m5 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
200 |
Four
|
si:2 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
201 |
Five
|
ha:3 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
202 |
Six
|
hok2 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
203 |
Seven
|
cet2 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
204 |
Eight
|
pɛ:t2 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
205 |
Nine
|
ka:w3 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
206 |
Ten
|
sip2 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |
207 |
Twenty
|
yi:3 sip2 |
|
|
|
208 |
Fifty
|
ha:3 sip2 |
|
|
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
rɔ:j4 |
Middle Chinese |
33 |
L |
210 |
One Thousand
|
phan1 |
Middle Chinese |
|
L |