Language: Rukai (Budai F69)

Source/Author:	Ferrell (1969)
Identifiers:	ISO-639-3:dru Glottocode: ruka1240
Notes:	Ferrell, R.(1969). Taiwan Aboriginal Groups: Problems in cultural and linguistic classification. Monograph 17: Institute of Ethnology, Academica Sinica
Problems:	Some slightly different cognacy - see annotations column. Andreea: replaced /đ/ with /ð/ (cf. book).
Data Entry:	Typed By: Simon Greenhill Checked By: Simon Greenhill
Statistics:	Total Data: 246 Number of Retentions: Number of Loans: 4
Classification:	Austronesian:Rukai
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Resources:

Change History:

Showing all of 14 entries

Updated Language Details - Malcolm Ross (2016-06-10 11:41:43)
Changed from "várig'" (Word 136) - Emily Gasser (2015-09-28 02:10:18)
Changed from "sulan" (Word 106) - Emily Gasser (2015-07-22 14:01:36)
Changed #5270 from "rəmərə́m", "", "", "" (Word 5270) - Simon Greenhill (2011-04-17 23:19:31)
Changed #40613 from "bi'áʔ", "", "2", "" (Word 40613) - Simon Greenhill (2011-04-17 23:19:31)
Changed #78934 from "sasəvəraʔ", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2011-04-17 23:19:31)
Changed #79711 from "ʔuliʔuli", "", "", "" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2011-04-17 23:19:31)
Changed "language" from "Rukai" - Simon Greenhill (2011-04-07 01:35:00)
Updating Classification to Match Ethnologue 16. From: Austronesian, Formosan, Rukai To: Austronesian, Rukai - Simon Greenhill (2009-07-23 03:27:59)
Changed from "porók'" (Word 206) - Simon Greenhill (2008-03-05 23:07:17)
Changed from "pouroukou" (Word 206) - Simon Greenhill (2008-03-05 23:07:17)
Changed "problems" from "Some slightly different cognacy - see annotations column." - (2008-01-31 04:16:29)
Changed #34544 from "ađađám", "", "2", "" (Word 34544) - (2008-01-31 04:16:29)
Changed #63818 from "wadə́:đ'", "", "1?", "" (Word 63818) - (2008-01-31 04:16:29)

Entries:

ID:	Word:	Item:	Annotation:	Cognacy:	Loan:
1	hand	ʔa:rimáʔ		1
1	hand	sətapai
1	hand	arema		1
2	left	viríʔ		1
3	right	vanál		1
4	leg/foot	dapal'		55
4	leg/foot	daʔal'		55
4	leg/foot	tsapku
4	leg/foot	amou
5	to walk	udadawác'		23
6	road/path	kaur'á		42
6	road/path	kaələa		42
6	road/path	kadarananə		1
7	to come	niamá'
7	to come	wakə:la		39
8	to turn	maliuliús		2
9	to swim	walaŋúi		1
10	dirty	malisíʔ
11	dust	səvə́g'
12	skin	ikid'		62
13	back	dərə́k'		71
14	belly	baráŋ'		67
15	bone
16	intestines	boʔóroʔ		53
17	liver	ʔatái		1
18	breast	totóʔ		1
19	shoulder	livadáŋ		49
19	shoulder	tabalaŋa		7
20	to know, be knowledgeable	watiŋál'		71
21	to think	kiarəm'rə́m'	looks like this form is entered wrong.	13
22	to fear	mok'lə́d'		57
23	blood	ərái		40
24	head	ʔáoloʔ		1
24	head	kapallu	Skt kapala 'skull'	45	L
25	neck	rə'əʔ		1
25	neck	rolun
25	neck	ourohu
26	hair	isí'oʔ		50
26	hair	ussioi		50
27	nose	ŋuŋu'á		28?
27	nose	coumonu
27	nose	ongoho	[AF] isn't it cognate with #27 *ŋusu?	27?
28	to breathe	manianiák'		59
29	to sniff, smell	wasabáliʔ		3
30	mouth	ŋodə́i		71
30	mouth	ŋodui		71
30	mouth	muto-mytou		72
31	tooth	valis'		2
32	tongue	ridám'		3
33	to laugh	macacawáʔ		1
34	to cry	watobí:'		54
35	to vomit	suaŋalái
36	to spit	ŋalái	Sputum / Spittle not verb	3
37	to eat	wakan'		1
38	to chew
39	to cook	wagáʔ
40	to drink	woŋól'		45
41	to bite	wakác'	prefixed kaRaC. Irreg. -C	1
42	to suck	waqa:nuqanúʔ
43	ear	cáliŋaʔ		1
43	ear	charinga		1
44	to hear	kialaláʔ		52
45	eye	macáʔ		1
45	eye	macha		1
46	to see	wacəʔə́l'		77
47	to yawn
48	to sleep	wapə́c'		77
48	to sleep	oaʔəcə		77
49	to lie down	ʔikaiŋa waʔət'
50	to dream
51	to sit	watakainə́n'		103
52	to stand	wáidi:'		1
52	to stand	wá'iri:		1
53	person/human being	ʔomás'
54	man/male	sawalái		1, 108
54	man/male	sarellai		1, 108
54	man/male	aoolai		1, 108
55	woman/female	ʔababái		1, 105
55	woman/female	abaia		1
56	child	rola'i		20
56	child	lalak'		1
57	husband
58	wife
59	mother	tináʔ		1
60	father	ta:máʔ		1
61	house	da:n'		41
61	house	dami
62	thatch/roof
63	name	nagán'		1
64	to say	kawárevaʔ		100
65	rope	ʔunái
66	to tie up, fasten	wa'rə́c'		71
66	to tie up, fasten	wa'və́g
67	to sew	wacaicaisi	CaqiS	1, 52
68	needle
69	to hunt	walúp		1
69	to hunt	oaloʔo		1
70	to shoot	wabilakác'
71	to stab, pierce	warakád'
71	to stab, pierce	wadər'də́r'
72	to hit	wasasərúr'	to hit (with fist)
73	to steal
74	to kill	wabicaluʔ
74	to kill	wapacai		2
75	to die, be dead	waʔacái		1
75	to die, be dead	opacai		1
76	to live, be alive	maliliŋái		67?
77	to scratch	ʔogacəgácə		62
78	to cut, hack	wati'ábuʔ		39
79	stick/wood	kawaʔ	Tree / wood	1
79	stick/wood	ʔaŋátuʔ	Tree / wood	18
80	to split	mauvagái
80	to split	matatibi:'
81	sharp	magaráŋ		41
82	dull, blunt	mailút'		53?
83	to work	ʔaitotomá:ʔ
84	to plant
85	to choose
86	to grow
87	to swell
88	to squeeze	wagəm'gə́m	Squeeze (in hand)
89	to hold	ma:laʔáʔ		4
90	to dig	waroqóʔ		42
91	to buy
92	to open, uncover
93	to pound, beat
94	to throw	wadukúruʔ		61
95	to fall
96	dog	taupóŋ		40
97	bird	aðaðám		2
98	egg	batók'	Why [k] and not [ʔ]? L? -EG	32
99	feather	paridi'		27
99	feather	ʔaridi		27
99	feather	romó:'		28
100	wing	parédi'		2
101	to fly	ʔaŋia:palái		49
102	rat	təlíkiʔ
103	meat/flesh	bu'át'	cogante w/ Sirarya ?	37
104	fat/grease	simá'		2
105	tail	tawə́s		26
105	tail	taoto		26
106	snake	ʔəlolái		62
106	snake	sulan	[n] for expected 0 < *ʀ -EG	2?	L?
107	worm (earthworm)	ʔalələbai
108	louse	da:cəʔ		31
108	louse	da:coʔ		31
108	louse	ko:co:		1
109	mosquito	ʔatatimaláu		31
109	mosquito	tumuŋutu
110	spider	takəraravat'	< *(taka)lawas	1, 75
111	fish	ká'aŋ	< PAN *KaRang 'crab' (LS)	3
112	rotten	mabár'		1
113	branch
114	leaf
115	root	balác'		7
116	flower	bən'lái
117	fruit	madə́'		2
118	grass	ʔubə́l'		59
119	earth/soil	da'éʔ		30
120	stone	rənə́g'		34
121	sand	ʔənái		1
122	water	ʔacilái		46
122	water	achilai		46
123	to flow	moʔarór		25
124	sea	báyu		54
124	sea	raḍəkə		53
124	sea	baoŋ		5
125	salt	timóʔ		2
126	lake	báyuʔ		30
127	woods/forest
128	sky	ʔəməʔə́məʔ
129	moon	damar		25
130	star	tariáu		45
131	cloud	əmə́'əm'		80
132	fog	camcám'
133	rain	ʔudál'		1
134	thunder	dərdə́r'	irreg loss of rhyme	4
135	lightning	rikác'		89
136	wind	várig'	L? Expect [bari]. -EG	2
137	to blow	wa'épiʔ		1
138	warm	waḍaŋḍáŋ		78
139	cold	makəcə́r'		2
140	dry	maməál		87
141	wet	madi:rəsə́ŋ		75
142	heavy	matiulə́g		49
143	fire	aʔói		1
143	fire	apoulu		1?
143	fire	apoy		1
144	to burn	kualaʔáub'	Note: Intransitive not Transitive.	78
145	smoke	ʔəbə́l'	*qebel	1
145	smoke	uburon		1
146	ash	ʔábuʔ		1
147	black	maicələ́ŋ'		2
148	white	malədə́ʔ		78?
148	white	pupili		111
149	red	dirərə́l'		74
150	yellow	bobə́rau'a'
151	green	saləsəsəʔ	Green / Blue	56
152	small	təkí'aʔ		84
153	big	maḍáu		33
154	short	ʔədə́kai		2
155	long	mataŋəláʔ		66
156	thin	maləbíri'
157	thick	makidəmə́l		21
158	narrow	matiki:		52
159	wide	mua:ráu
160	painful, sick	əáŋ'əaŋ
160	painful, sick	macaəm		3
161	shy, ashamed
162	old	marədáŋ		130
163	new	ba'o'a'		1
164	good	matarír'		77
165	bad, evil	malisi:'		62
166	correct, true	tatəŋánuli:'		62
167	night	ma'úŋ		2
168	day	váian		17
169	year	caili	from Laurent Sagart; L from Mantauran? -EG	22
170	when?	kəigaʔ		1, 25
170	when?	ləígaʔ		1, 47
171	to hide
172	to climb
173	at
174	in, inside	yakái
174	in, inside	adiŋ		38
175	above	bələ́ŋ		44
176	below	dauda:ə́ʔ		25
177	this	kaivái		30?
178	that	ku'ani'		23
179	near	wadə́:ð'		3
180	far	ʔadáil'		2
181	where?	yaká'inuʔ		1?
182	I	kunakoʔ		1
183	thou	kəsó:'		1
184	he/she	kua:níʔ		16
185	we	kunakuʔ
185	we	kota		1
185	we	kənái		38
186	you	konomi		7
187	they	kuanilaka'í'
188	what?	manə́maʔ	*nema	16
189	who?	ʔanə́'aʔ		32
190	other	kuará:'
191	all	dumu:dumáʔ
192	and	ʔiraʔ
193	if
194	how?	ma:tómaʔ		43
195	no, not
196	to count	wa:sípiʔ		3
197	One	ʔə'aʔ		1?
197	One	denga
198	Two	rusaʔ		1
198	Two	nousa		1
199	Three	turúʔ		1
199	Three	toro		1
200	Four	spa:t'		1
200	Four	patù		1
201	Five	rimáʔ		1
201	Five	limà		1
202	Six	neum		1
202	Six	neuma		1
202	Six	ʔənə́m'		1
203	Seven	pitúʔ		1
203	Seven	pitò		1
204	Eight	varóʔ		3
204	Eight	mevarou		3
205	Nine	baŋát'		8
205	Nine	bangato		8
205	Nine	bangatu		8
206	Ten	porók'		5	L
206	Ten	pouroukou		5	L
207	Twenty	mapusál'		1
208	Fifty
209	One Hundred	ʔidái		1
210	One Thousand

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Austronesian

Basic Vocabulary Database

Language: Rukai (Budai F69)

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Change History:

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