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Language: Rukai (Budai F69)

Source/Author:  Ferrell (1969) 
Identifiers:  ISO-639-3:dru  Glottocode: ruka1240 
Notes:  Ferrell, R.(1969). Taiwan Aboriginal Groups: Problems in cultural and linguistic classification. Monograph 17: Institute of Ethnology, Academica Sinica 
Problems:  Some slightly different cognacy - see annotations column.

Andreea: replaced /đ/ with /ð/ (cf. book). 
Data Entry:  Typed By: Simon Greenhill  Checked By: Simon Greenhill 
Statistics: 
  • Total Data: 246
  • Number of Retentions:
  • Number of Loans: 4
 
Classification:  Austronesian:Rukai 
Map 
 

Resources:

Change History:

Showing 3 of 14 entries. Show ALL logged changes

Entries:

ID: Word: Item: Annotation: Cognacy: Loan:
15 bone      
38 to chew word info      
47 to yawn      
50 to dream      
57 husband      
58 wife      
62 thatch/roof      
68 needle      
73 to steal      
84 to plant      
85 to choose      
86 to grow word info      
87 to swell word info      
91 to buy      
92 to open, uncover      
93 to pound, beat word info      
95 to fall word info      
113 branch word info      
114 leaf      
127 woods/forest      
161 shy, ashamed      
171 to hide word info      
172 to climb word info      
173 at      
193 if      
195 no, not      
208 Fifty word info      
210 One Thousand word info      
1 hand ʔa:rimáʔ   1  
1 hand sətapai      
1 hand arema   1  
2 left viríʔ   1  
3 right vanál   1  
4 leg/foot dapal'   55  
4 leg/foot daʔal'   55  
4 leg/foot tsapku      
4 leg/foot amou      
5 to walk udadawác'   23  
6 road/path kaur'á   42  
6 road/path kaələa   42  
6 road/path kadarananə   1  
7 to come niamá'      
7 to come wakə:la   39  
8 to turn word info maliuliús   2  
9 to swim walaŋúi   1  
10 dirty malisíʔ      
11 dust səvə́g'      
12 skin ikid'   62  
13 back word info dərə́k'   71  
14 belly baráŋ'   67  
16 intestines boʔóroʔ   53  
17 liver ʔatái   1  
18 breast totóʔ   1  
19 shoulder livadáŋ   49  
19 shoulder tabalaŋa   7  
20 to know, be knowledgeable watiŋál'   71  
22 to fear mok'lə́d'   57  
23 blood ərái   40  
24 head ʔáoloʔ   1  
25 neck rə'əʔ   1  
25 neck rolun      
25 neck ourohu      
26 hair word info isí'oʔ   50  
26 hair word info ussioi   50  
27 nose ŋuŋu'á   28?  
27 nose coumonu      
28 to breathe manianiák'   59  
29 to sniff, smell wasabáliʔ   3  
30 mouth ŋodə́i   71  
30 mouth ŋodui   71  
30 mouth muto-mytou   72  
31 tooth valis'   2  
32 tongue ridám'   3  
33 to laugh macacawáʔ   1  
34 to cry watobí:'   54  
35 to vomit suaŋalái      
37 to eat wakan'   1  
39 to cook word info wagáʔ      
40 to drink woŋól'   45  
42 to suck waqa:nuqanúʔ      
43 ear cáliŋaʔ   1  
43 ear charinga   1  
44 to hear kialaláʔ   52  
45 eye macáʔ   1  
45 eye macha   1  
46 to see wacəʔə́l'   77  
48 to sleep wapə́c'   77  
48 to sleep oaʔəcə   77  
49 to lie down word info ʔikaiŋa waʔət'      
51 to sit watakainə́n'   103  
52 to stand wáidi:'   1  
52 to stand wá'iri:   1  
53 person/human being ʔomás'      
54 man/male sawalái   1, 108  
54 man/male sarellai   1, 108  
54 man/male aoolai   1, 108  
55 woman/female ʔababái   1, 105  
55 woman/female abaia   1  
56 child rola'i   20  
56 child lalak'   1  
59 mother tináʔ   1  
60 father ta:máʔ   1  
61 house da:n'   41  
61 house dami      
63 name nagán'   1  
64 to say kawárevaʔ   100  
65 rope ʔunái      
66 to tie up, fasten wa'rə́c'   71  
66 to tie up, fasten wa'və́g      
69 to hunt word info walúp   1  
69 to hunt word info oaloʔo   1  
70 to shoot word info wabilakác'      
71 to stab, pierce warakád'      
71 to stab, pierce wadər'də́r'      
74 to kill wabicaluʔ      
74 to kill wapacai   2  
75 to die, be dead waʔacái   1  
75 to die, be dead opacai   1  
76 to live, be alive maliliŋái   67?  
77 to scratch word info ʔogacəgácə   62  
78 to cut, hack word info wati'ábuʔ   39  
80 to split word info mauvagái      
80 to split word info matatibi:'      
81 sharp magaráŋ   41  
82 dull, blunt mailút'   53?  
83 to work word info ʔaitotomá:ʔ      
89 to hold word info ma:laʔáʔ   4  
90 to dig waroqóʔ   42  
94 to throw word info wadukúruʔ   61  
96 dog taupóŋ   40  
97 bird aðaðám   2  
99 feather paridi'   27  
99 feather ʔaridi   27  
99 feather romó:'   28  
100 wing parédi'   2  
101 to fly ʔaŋia:palái   49  
102 rat təlíkiʔ      
104 fat/grease simá'   2  
105 tail tawə́s   26  
105 tail taoto   26  
106 snake ʔəlolái   62  
107 worm (earthworm) ʔalələbai      
108 louse word info da:cəʔ   31  
108 louse word info da:coʔ   31  
108 louse word info ko:co:   1  
109 mosquito ʔatatimaláu   31  
109 mosquito tumuŋutu      
112 rotten word info mabár'   1  
115 root balác'   7  
116 flower bən'lái      
117 fruit madə́'   2  
118 grass ʔubə́l'   59  
119 earth/soil da'éʔ   30  
120 stone rənə́g'   34  
121 sand ʔənái   1  
122 water word info ʔacilái   46  
122 water word info achilai   46  
123 to flow moʔarór   25  
124 sea báyu   54  
124 sea raḍəkə   53  
124 sea baoŋ   5  
125 salt timóʔ   2  
126 lake báyuʔ   30  
128 sky ʔəməʔə́məʔ      
129 moon damar   25  
130 star tariáu   45  
131 cloud word info əmə́'əm'   80  
132 fog camcám'      
133 rain ʔudál'   1  
135 lightning rikác'   89  
137 to blow word info wa'épiʔ   1  
138 warm word info waḍaŋḍáŋ   78  
139 cold word info makəcə́r'   2  
140 dry word info maməál   87  
141 wet madi:rəsə́ŋ   75  
142 heavy matiulə́g   49  
143 fire aʔói   1  
143 fire apoulu   1?  
143 fire apoy   1  
145 smoke word info uburon   1  
146 ash ʔábuʔ   1  
147 black maicələ́ŋ'   2  
148 white malədə́ʔ   78?  
148 white pupili   111  
149 red dirərə́l'   74  
150 yellow bobə́rau'a'      
152 small təkí'aʔ   84  
153 big maḍáu   33  
154 short word info ʔədə́kai   2  
155 long word info mataŋəláʔ   66  
156 thin word info maləbíri'      
157 thick word info makidəmə́l   21  
158 narrow matiki:   52  
159 wide mua:ráu      
160 painful, sick əáŋ'əaŋ      
160 painful, sick macaəm   3  
162 old word info marədáŋ   130  
163 new ba'o'a'   1  
164 good matarír'   77  
165 bad, evil malisi:'   62  
166 correct, true tatəŋánuli:'   62  
167 night ma'úŋ   2  
168 day váian   17  
170 when? word info kəigaʔ   1, 25  
170 when? word info ləígaʔ   1, 47  
174 in, inside yakái      
174 in, inside adiŋ   38  
175 above bələ́ŋ   44  
176 below dauda:ə́ʔ   25  
177 this kaivái   30?  
178 that ku'ani'   23  
179 near wadə́:ð'   3  
180 far ʔadáil'   2  
181 where? word info yaká'inuʔ   1?  
182 I kunakoʔ   1  
183 thou kəsó:'   1  
184 he/she kua:níʔ   16  
185 we word info kunakuʔ      
185 we word info kota   1  
185 we word info kənái   38  
186 you konomi   7  
187 they kuanilaka'í'      
189 who? word info ʔanə́'aʔ   32  
190 other kuará:'      
191 all dumu:dumáʔ      
192 and ʔiraʔ      
194 how? word info ma:tómaʔ   43  
196 to count wa:sípiʔ   3  
197 One word info ʔə'aʔ   1?  
197 One word info denga      
198 Two word info rusaʔ   1  
198 Two word info nousa   1  
199 Three word info turúʔ   1  
199 Three word info toro   1  
200 Four word info spa:t'   1  
200 Four word info patù   1  
201 Five word info rimáʔ   1  
201 Five word info limà   1  
202 Six word info neum   1  
202 Six word info neuma   1  
202 Six word info ʔənə́m'   1  
203 Seven word info pitúʔ   1  
203 Seven word info pitò   1  
204 Eight word info varóʔ   3  
204 Eight word info mevarou   3  
205 Nine word info baŋát'   8  
205 Nine word info bangato   8  
205 Nine word info bangatu   8  
206 Ten word info porók'   5 L
206 Ten word info pouroukou   5 L
207 Twenty word info mapusál'   1  
209 One Hundred word info ʔidái   1  
188 what? word info manə́maʔ *nema 16  
145 smoke word info ʔəbə́l' *qebel 1  
110 spider takəraravat' < *(taka)lawas 1, 75  
111 fish ká'aŋ < PAN *KaRang 'crab' (LS) 3  
67 to sew word info wacaicaisi CaqiS 1, 52  
103 meat/flesh bu'át' cogante w/ Sirarya ? 37  
169 year caili from Laurent Sagart; L from Mantauran? -EG 22  
151 green saləsəsəʔ Green / Blue 56  
134 thunder dərdə́r' irreg loss of rhyme 4  
136 wind várig' L? Expect [bari]. -EG 2  
21 to think kiarəm'rə́m' looks like this form is entered wrong. 13  
144 to burn word info kualaʔáub' Note: Intransitive not Transitive. 78  
41 to bite wakác' prefixed kaRaC. Irreg. -C 1  
24 head kapallu Skt kapala 'skull' 45 L
36 to spit ŋalái Sputum / Spittle not verb 3  
88 to squeeze word info wagəm'gə́m Squeeze (in hand)    
72 to hit word info wasasərúr' to hit (with fist)    
79 stick/wood kawaʔ Tree / wood 1  
79 stick/wood ʔaŋátuʔ Tree / wood 18  
98 egg batók' Why [k] and not [ʔ]? L? -EG 32  
27 nose ongoho [AF] isn't it cognate with #27 *ŋusu? 27?  
106 snake sulan [n] for expected 0 < *ʀ -EG 2? L?

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